This study proposes a novel approach to driver drowsiness detection using the Video Vision Transformer (ViViT) model, which captures both spatial and temporal dynamics simultaneously to analyze eye conditions and head movements. The National Tsing Hua University Driver Drowsiness Detection (NTHU-DDD) dataset, which consists of 36,000 annotated video clips, was utilized for both training and evaluation. The ViViT model is compared to traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) models, demonstrating superior performance with 96.2% accuracy and 95.9% F1-Score, while maintaining a 28.9 ms/frame inference time suitable for real-time deployment. The ablation study indicates that integrating spatial and temporal attention yields a notable improvement in model accuracy. Furthermore, positional encoding proves essential in preserving spatial coherence within video-based inputs. The model’s resilience was tested across a range of challenging conditions including low-light settings, partial occlusions, and drastic head movements and it consistently maintained reliable performance. With a compact footprint of just 89 MB, the ViViT model has been fine-tuned for deployment on embedded platforms such as the Jetson Nano, making it well-suited for edge AI applications. These findings highlight ViViT’s promise as a practical and high-performing solution for real-time driver drowsiness detection in real-world scenarios.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with considerable potential to enhance information management and decision-making processes in the public sector. The present study examined how Gen-AI, with specific attention to Microsoft Copilot, can be integrated into local government organizations to support routine operations and strategic tasks. An Integrative Literature Review (ILR) methodology was applied, through which scholarly sources were systematically evaluated and findings were synthesized across predefined research questions and thematic categories. The review emphasized three focal areas: the conceptual foundations of Gen-AI, the challenges associated with its integration, and the opportunities for improving public sector information analysis and administrative practices. Evidence indicated that Gen-AI adoption in local government contexts can substantially improve efficiency in data retrieval, accelerate decision-making processes, enhance service responsiveness, and streamline administrative workflows. At the same time, significant risks were identified, including fragmented data infrastructures, limited digital and Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy among personnel, and ongoing ethical, transparency, and regulatory challenges. Recommendations were formulated for future research, including empirical assessments of Gen-AI deployment across diverse local government contexts and longitudinal studies to evaluate the sustainability of AI-driven transformations. The insights generated from this study provide actionable guidance for local government organizations seeking to evaluate both the benefits and the risks of integrating Gen-AI technologies into information management and decision-support systems, thereby contributing to ongoing debates on public sector innovation and digital governance.
Soil reinforcement techniques have become essential in geotechnical engineering to improve weak soils. This study deals with the use of waste vegetable plastic bags made of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as reinforced materials for fine grained soils selected from Nizwa-Oman. Laboratory practical works were conducted to evaluate compaction and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) characteristics of soil reinforced with varying number of plastic mats. Namely, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The results indicated that reinforcing the weak soil with HDPE plastic bags significantly improved compressive strength with optimal performance observed at three reinforcement mats making four soil layers. The study not only provides an effective method for weak soil improvement but also contributes and offers an eco-friendly to sustainable waste management by repurposing non-biodegradable plastic waste. This work maps to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to its environmental, infrastructural, and waste management implications.
Local wisdom-based ecopedagogy learning approach plays a strategic role in growing critical consciousness and environmental care behavior among students. This research aims to explore the effect of local wisdom-based ecopedagogy learning approach on students’ critical consciousness and environmental care behavior in the context of Sociology learning in Senior High School Sequential mixed method approach is used by collecting quantitative data through online questionnaire distributed to 644 students coming from many provinces in Indonesia and qualitative data through in-depth interview with Sociology teachers. The result of research shows a positive significant correlation between students’ critical consciousness and environmental care behavior (b = 0.869, p $<$ 0.05), where 61.3% of behavior variability is explained by the students’ critical consciousness level (R$^2$ = 0.613). Qualitative data supports the quantitative finding indicating that teachers applied some learning strategies: environmental project, case study, activity out of classroom, and interactive discussion to give meaningful experience encouraging the students to think critically and to take real action to care for the environmental problem. This research also identifies the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of local wisdom-based ecopedagogy learning approach including limited module as learning reference, limited practical training for the teachers, and limited time because the curriculum is not flexible. This study contributes theoretically to expanding the literature about ecopedagogy and likewise offers practical recommendation to improve the facilitation of training for teachers and the development of local value-based teaching module for Sociology subject.
The phenomenon of climate change has been observed in Aceh, Indonesia. However, no study has specifically examined high school students' conceptual knowledge, adaptation strategies, and mitigation measures related to climate change in the region. This study aims to assess students' conceptual knowledge, adaptation strategies, and mitigation efforts related to climate change in Aceh, while investigating how these factors are influenced by gender, grade level, geographical landscape, and implementation of green school programs (Adiwivata). A sample of 410 students was taken from a total population of 137,283. Data were collected using online questionnaires distributed by teachers and analyzed using descriptive statistics, PCA, and ANOVA. The results of the study show that students' knowledge, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change in Aceh are generally inadequate. This is because the current framework and implementation of climate change education have not effectively achieved the goals of increasing knowledge, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change at the secondary school level. Gender was found to affect Knowledge I, while grade level influenced Mitigation III. The geographic landscape impacts Mitigation I and II. Green school programs have been shown to have a positive effect on Knowledge I, Adaptation I, and all components of climate change mitigation. These results show the need for expanded efforts to improve climate change knowledge, adaptation, and mitigation among high school students in Aceh, through education policies that encourage teachers to implement learning about climate change in a continuous, detailed, and innovative manner.
National parks are designated natural areas set aside for the preservation of their resources. However, they suffer from several environmental problems resulting from human actions, exacerbated by a lack of effective management planning, including unsustainable biodiversity loss, deforestation, and wildfires. This qualitative research proposes practical sustainability conservation management based on the experience of Thab Lan National Park in Thailand, utilizing Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets. Through in-depth interviews, data were collected from three residents and two operations-level staff members of the Thab Lan National Park. The findings highlighted local resource protection, park residency legality, and agricultural expertise as supportive factors. In contrast, ecosystem protection from slosh equity enabled them, which was detrimental due to the skewed distribution of benefits. Furthermore, the management level was found to have an impact on the long-term ecological benefits. Most importantly, unequal resource allocation has hampered conservation efforts, highlighting the need for community participation in sustainable resource management. This management strategy is a working approach that local authorities and regional policymakers can adopt as guidelines for the sustainable conservation of natural resources in the Thab Lan National Park and other similar settings.
The study carried out in the Puñun Peasant Community had as its main objective the inventory of springs and the planning of agroecological zones, assessing water availability in a semi-arid environment. The methodology included the georeferencing of 139 springs and flow measurement using the volumetric method in Sector II. Measurements were taken quarterly on three key dates during the 2024 dry season: April, June, and December. Agroecological zones were delimited considering soil and climate factors and morphological factors, using Arc GIS 10.8 GIS software. A mixed approach was also applied to collect quantitative and qualitative data, including interviews with experts. The results showed that springs contribute significantly to the available flow in the agroecological zones, with a total water volume of 631.56 m³ in Sector II, distributed among four identified zones. According to experts, the spring inventory had a strong influence on agroecological planning, reaching an index of 0.89. Likewise, the Pearson correlation test between the area of the agroecological zones and the volume of water available in the springs showed a nearly perfect positive relationship (r = 0.99). The conclusions highlighted the importance of springs for agricultural sustainability and the urgent need to implement efficient water management strategies, promoting responsible water use and environmental conservation. It is estimated that the total available volume can support agricultural irrigation of approximately 29.19 hectares.
This research explores the important role of soil physics and irrigation technology in water conservation in sustainable agriculture. With increasing global water shortage and wasteful irrigation practices posing a threat to agricultural productivity, water use optimization is critical. The study seeks to evaluate soil physical properties influencing irrigation efficiency, contrast various irrigation techniques, examine the effect of fertilization on water quality, and categorize farms according to irrigation performance. Mixed methods utilize statistical modeling, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and K-means clustering to assess soil properties, irrigation efficiency, and water-saving methods. The research identifies that precision irrigation methods like subsurface and drip irrigation substantially increase water-use efficiency through reduced evaporation and runoff. Organic matter and soil texture are important in retaining moisture, affecting irrigation requirements. Overfertilization is associated with nitrogen runoff, highlighting the significance of the regulated application of nutrients to avoid groundwater pollution. Another unique contribution of the research is using clustering methods to categorize farms according to their irrigation efficiency and providing specific suggestions for improving water use. The study offers actionable recommendations for farmers, policymakers, and environmental agencies to promote precision irrigation, sustainable soil management, and data-driven decision-making to maximize agricultural water conservation. Such findings add value to global efforts towards sustainable food security and environmental conservation.
The community of Ngijo Hamlet, Purwogondo Village, Boja District, Kendal Regency, possesses the local wisdom of Tuk Serco to clean water channels and sustain springs. This study aims to (1) describe the local wisdom of Tuk Serco in maintaining springs, (2) identify community behaviours associated with Tuk Serco’s local wisdom in addressing climate change impacts, and (3) analyse the role of Tuk Serco’s local wisdom in mitigating climate change effects. A qualitative method was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Data were analysed using NVIVO 12 Plus software. The findings indicate that the Tuk Serco spring is a vital resource for the community. Rituals and norms, including prohibitions and recommendations, are strictly followed to ensure the sustainability of the spring. The most prevalent community behaviour related to Tuk Serco's local wisdom is adherence to norms, particularly the Nyadran Serco tradition. Elements of local wisdom (knowledge, values, ethics, morals, and norms) play a significant role in climate change mitigation, with norms having the greatest impact. The local wisdom of Ngijo Hamlet serves as a concrete example of how traditional values can synergize with modern conservation efforts to mitigate climate change effects.
The rapid population growth of close to 1 million people generates more than 600 tons of waste per day and will increase in 2020-2022. This has an impact on the environment and public health of Padang City so that waste management must be a priority agenda for the government. In overcoming the waste problem in Padang City, Padang City Regional Regulation No. 21/2012 on waste management has been issued, but the waste problem still exists. Government political collaboration is the key, in line with the principles of Pancasila politics that incorporate national values in sustainable governance practices. The research used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological research type and was descriptive in nature. Secondary data involved policy analysis and related literature. This research uses the theory of the stages of Collaborative Governance which consists of four stages, namely: assessment, initiation, deliberation, and implementation. Results showed the collaboration program between government, community, and private sector to overcoming waste problems has been implemented, but the implementation has not been optimal. The initiation and deliberation stages between the community and the government are not implemented, so the collaboration process between the two stakeholders is not optimal.
West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province possesses considerable natural resource potential, exhibiting a wide array of distinctive ecosystems. However, the province is confronted with environmental challenges arising from escalating economic activities and population growth, including deforestation, land degradation, water pollution, and marine ecosystem degradation. In an effort to address this issue, the NTB Provincial Government has implemented a series of priority policies, one of which is Governor Regulation Number 60 of 2022 concerning Monitoring and Evaluation of Financial Assistance Expenditure. This regulation serves as a mechanism for providing fiscal incentives based on ecological performance to district, city, and village governments. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the policy by employing a retrospective policy valuation approach. The data will be collected through observation, interviews, literature reviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The data will then be analyzed using a Likert scale on five main criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, adequacy, and determination. The findings of the study indicate that the implementation of Governor Regulation 60 of 2022 is classified as high, with an average value of 2.56, particularly in terms of effectiveness, as evidenced by the allocation of awards and specialized financial assistance to villages and regencies/cities in environmental management. Nevertheless, the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of financial assistance must be improved to ensure transparency, accountability, and program continuity. This finding underscores the necessity of calibrating ecological indicators within the fiscal transfer scheme in accordance with the local characteristics of NTB, as well as the imperative for cross-government collaboration to promote sustainable development. The implementation of this policy can serve as a model for other regions seeking to enhance fiscal incentives for environmental conservation in an effective and equitable manner.
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