The primary objective of this study encompasses the evaluation of the Padaleunyi Toll Road's service performance, particularly in relation to Indonesia's established minimum service standards for toll roads. Given that the Padaleunyi Toll Road currently stands at mid-life in terms of its service duration, it is crucial to undertake this assessment to predict its remaining useful life. Criteria for measuring minimum service standards' fulfillment were diversified to cover the conditions of the toll road, average vehicular speed, accessibility, mobility, safety parameters, availability of rescue units and service assistance, environmental impact, and features of rest and service areas. The employed research methodology was based on the guidelines provided by Regulation 16/PRT/M/2014 from the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works. Findings indicate a compliance level of 66.04% to the minimum service standards, with the poorest indicator being the condition of the toll roads at a mere 14%. This study hopes to contribute by offering comprehensive insights into the current state and future prospects of the Padaleunyi Toll Road. It further highlights the importance of effective maintenance and operation strategies in prolonging its service life. Overall, the implications of this study can significantly enhance the planning and development process of toll roads, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, by incorporating key aspects like pavement quality, road geometric design, and efficient traffic management.

The implementation of Project Management Institute (PMI) methodology has been investigated for its potential benefits in the administration of construction projects and urban planning. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study incorporates a broad literature review and detailed case studies to elucidate the influence of the PMI methodology, with a specific focus on project planning and the alignment of activities with project goals. Outcomes demonstrate that this systematic methodology allows for precise articulation of project objectives, scope, timelines, and resources, subsequently promoting rigorous project planning and goal alignment. It has also been revealed that PMI methodology plays a crucial role in risk identification and management, thereby facilitating knowledgeable decision-making and reducing project setbacks. Emphasis is placed on the proactive nature of project management, particularly in complex, multi-stakeholder projects. Furthermore, PMI methodology fosters effective communication and collaboration among team members, thereby enhancing coordination and the attainment of the desired project outcomes. The study indicates that PMI methodology's implementation provides a structured and efficient approach to project execution, subsequently enhancing project quality, efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction levels. Future research in this field is advocated, along with the endorsement of PMI methodology's adoption within the construction and urban planning industry. As such, this research significantly contributes to the understanding of the PMI methodology's potential to improve project management within the construction and urban planning sectors, demonstrating its capacity to augment quality, efficiency, and satisfaction levels.

In the pursuit of urban sustainability, the incorporation of design elements conducive to public health, safety, comfort, and well-being is investigated within this study. Focusing on Kufa City, Iraq, significant indicators of urban design are identified that may contribute to the enhancement of human health. Among these, multiple modes of transport, walkability, cycling infrastructure, and the promotion of green spaces are emphasized. An examination was conducted within three distinct urban spaces in Kufa City, each representing a different spatial level to provide a comprehensive reflection of the city's design. It was found that the current design does not generally support public health, characterized by an overwhelming dependence on private automobiles and a lack of provisions for walking and cycling. Variations were observed across different spatial levels, with the sectoral and neighborhood levels containing parks that offer comfortable and safe pedestrian paths and green spaces that potentially ameliorate the overall atmosphere. Such provisions were found lacking at the regional level. The findings illuminate key areas for intervention and serve as a valuable reference for urban planners seeking to promote public health through the strategic design of urban spaces. In maintaining consistency with professional terminology used elsewhere in this article, the selected terms are carefully employed to articulate the complex interplay between urban design and public health. The expanded content provides a richer understanding of the subject while preserving originality and adherence to academic rigor.

As tourism village development proliferates in Indonesia, discernible disparities in perceived benefits among tourism and non-tourism stakeholders have been noted, suggesting that the advantages of tourism are not uniformly distributed among the community. Here, social capital, representing interpersonal trust, networks, and shared norms, emerges as a significant catalyst for resolving the identified challenges and securing community endorsement for sustainable village tourism. This investigation aims to explore the role of social capital and the extent of non-tourism actor engagement in facilitating the longevity of a selected Indonesian tourism village. Data concerning social capital and community involvement were procured via questionnaires administered to 270 respondents, the majority of whom were non-tourism actors within the village. The collected data were subsequently scrutinised utilising Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study found that while these non-tourism actors are primarily of productive age, their education levels are relatively low and their primary occupations are low-income farming. Intriguingly, these individuals demonstrate substantial social capital despite their lack of direct engagement in tourism activities, which could be harnessed to promote their active involvement in sustainable village tourism. The research further underscores that trust, a fundamental facet of social capital, is instrumental in cultivating community networks and promoting active participation among non-tourism actors. The understanding derived from this research is hoped to provide a basis for policy formulation, aimed at fostering non-tourism actor engagement in tourism-centric activities, thereby allowing them access to the tourism industry benefits, such as secondary income through tourism-related jobs.

As fundamental nodal elements in urban spatial structures, the coupling and coordinated development of urban business centers and urban rail transit contributes to the optimization of these structures. Utilizing complex network theory, a model for the urban rail transit network was constructed. The importance and hub nature of urban rail transit stations were evaluated from different angles, including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. These metrics examined the station's degree, closeness to other nodes, number of shortest paths, and centrality of neighboring nodes. The coupling relationship between urban rail transit and urban business centers was taken into account, leading to the creation of a coupling and coordination degree model for urban rail transit stations and urban business centers. An analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling relationship between urban rail transit and business centers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou from 2000 to 2020 was conducted. The findings indicated an interactive and mutually influencing coupling relationship between the urban rail transit network and urban business centers. Over time, the coupling and coordination degree of urban rail transit stations and urban business centers trended from being uncoordinated towards preliminary, moderate, and good coordination. Spatial heterogeneity existed in the coupling and coordination status of different circles, with the best coupling and coordination conditions being in the core area. There was a degree of variance in the coupling and coordination development situation of rail transit stations and business centers in the core areas of different cities. Among them, Shanghai's core area had the best spatial coupling and coordination development situation, Beijing's core area lagged in business center development compared to the construction of the urban rail transit network, while Guangzhou's core area saw urban rail transit network development lag behind its mature business centers. The application of these research findings aids in promoting sustainable urban development. While this study primarily measured the importance of urban rail transit network stations from the node centrality perspective, future studies could further examine the spatial coupling of urban rail transit and business centers from the viewpoints of accessibility and passenger flow.

For the wounded triage, transport and cooperative scheduling problem of emergency surgery in urban emergency rescue, this study uses the idea of supply chain collaborative scheduling, considers factors such as the number of the wounded, rescue vehicle capacity and hospital operation time to achieve the optimization goals of the shortest rescue response time and the most economical transportation capacity, establishes a mixed integer programming model, and designs a two-stage scheduling algorithm to solve the model. It uses the relative gap between the maximum time span of the entire rescue process and the optimal performance under ideal conditions to measure the performance of the algorithm. The simulation experiments show that the two-stage scheduling algorithm has better problem-solving ability for scenarios with larger number of the wounded and stronger carrying capacity, and has better performance than MFF algorithm and MBF algorithm.

With the fall of the Communist Regimen in the Western Balkans Region, governance politics regarding urban and spatial planning processes led to significant changes in several territorial aspects. In this regard, several scientific studies and researches have put forward significant regional differences in urban development between cities of the Balkans that have followed very similar trajectories after the collapse of the “communist empire,” considering their willingness and desire to meet European standards - Tirana, Podgorica, Sarajevo are just some examples. Between the several disparities, these territories represent compared to Central and North European regions, massive and uncontrolled urban growth has been verified – catalyzed by liberal governance politics and private companies, without planning experts, and jeopardizing the need to include public participation in the development processes. This situation has led to significant uncontrolled planning and, consequently, to several negative social-economic impacts driven by it. For this reason, the development of a detailed review study considering spatial planning perspectives in the Western Balkans Region is seen as pivotal to understanding the existing planning disparities that affect the sustainable development of this area. Through an exploratory methodology – using both case study approach methods and territorial impact assessment (TIA) - it will be possible to understand how these events occurred and evolved, enabling the development of specific tools and approaches which might help to minimize the cumulative impacts of these processes. Therefore, the outcomes will define guidelines regarding urban planning processes for the main actors responsible for developing new governance measures toward achieving European standards.

Many developing countries as well as some developed countries suffer from the problem of slums. They constitute a real defect in the economic and social development plan of the concerned countries. The methods used to finance development projects in countries vary according to the different social, economic, and legislative influences. The process of providing the expenses required for these projects is one of the most important problems that governments face. The study aims to establish some rules and principles in a proposed theoretical framework and to document some of the experiences of supporting cities globally as well as in the African and Arab countries, by using a general analysis model that includes Egyptian experiences to understand the most important problems related to sustainable development and how to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the development of urban planning and management. An analytical study is conducted to the experience of participatory development of Manshiyet Nasser is presented and the proposed development programs to determine their advantages and disadvantages. The study concluded to identifying several recommendations for dealing with slums and setting an integrated urban development model for low-income areas that can be replicated in other similar sites. The study also concluded that in development projects, focus is placed on popular participation and decentralization in decision-making, seeking to solve existing problems in society and taking the initiative to experiment new methods from which the government refrains for fear of failure.

Buraydah, a small Saudi Arabian city, has transformed rapidly in the last few decades. This transformation has occurred due to economic growth, population growth, infrastructural development, and environmental factors. The urban identity is shaped by cultural patterns and the regional diversity within its fabric. Historical sites that retain architectural traits from their respective eras play a significant role in transmitting urban identity to future generations. However, when individuals disregard traditional identities in search of modernism and urbanization, dramatic changes occur in the physical structure, social-spatial pattern, socio-economic structure, and socio-cultural structure of the city. All of these have dramatically altered the city’s identity, which historically took a long time to develop. While the historic sites in the city that have been demolished for expansion and development, also cause the city to lose its identity. This study's objective is to investigate the cause of the changes in identity in Buraydah city. For this purpose, relevant literature was reviewed to identify and address the research objectives and examine the urban and architectural identity concepts, while the comparative study of archival materials with site investigation and survey was conducted in the practical aspect. The result of the study identifies certain factors that contributed to the loss of identity of the city.

Quality of Life is important but often neglected, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health and economic aspects are currently getting more attention. Therefore, this study tries to measure the Quality of Life of the community during a pandemic, especially when physical distancing is implemented. To measure Quality of Life, the data was collected using a survey conducted electronically using the Google form application. The instrument used in data collection was adapted from WHOQOL instruments. Data collection began after one year of the adoption of a physical distancing policy by the Indonesian government and carried out for one month and collected 370 respondents after filtering. This study shows that the Quality of Life of the community in general is not different from the aspect of the characteristics of the respondents. Family income, age and length of time for physical distancing are domains that affect several Quality of Life domains. Strengthening of religious values, subsidy schemes to maintain family income levels and length of physical distancing can be used as policies taken by the government related to the Quality of Life due to global pandemic disasters.

Street trees make up an important part of the eco-environment and landscape of urban roads. The species of street trees significantly affect the green volume of urban roads. The leaf area index (LAI) is often adopted to measure the ratio of green volume for urban roads, laying a scientific basis for optimizing street trees. This paper measures and analyses the LAI and green plot ratio (GPR) of 14 common street tree species in Xinxiang, a city in Central China’s Henan Province. The results show that, except for evergreens, the LAI values of deciduous trees varied significantly from month to month, forming a single-peaked curve. The LAI values of street trees have a significant positive correlation with the day of year (DOY) (P<0.01). As for the roads with a single row of street trees, the highest mean annual GPR values were achieved by Juglans regia Linn., followed in turn by Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Sophora japonica L., Populus tomentosa Carrière, Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. and Platanus orientalis Linn. Among the 12 common types of double-row road tree combinations, the GPR values all increased first and then decreased; the largest annual mean value belonged to the combination “Sophora japonica L.+ Sophora japonica L.” In the same section, the annual mean GPR value of double-row road trees was 3-7 times higher than that of single-row road trees. Our research demonstrates that the GPR can quantify the differences between different street tree species and combination types, and help to optimize the greening arrangement and plant configuration.