Anthropogenic climate change, driven primarily by the intensification of greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, continues to pose significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. Among the most promising mitigation strategies is carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS), which facilitates the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by capturing CO₂ from large point sources and storing it in geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs. In some configurations, CCUS has also been employed to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. While the technology is widely recognised for its potential to contribute to decarbonisation goals, particularly in fossil fuel-dependent economies, its large-scale deployment remains constrained by considerable economic and regulatory barriers. In Indonesia, a country with ambitious commitments to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 but a continued reliance on fossil energy, CCUS is increasingly being considered a strategic pathway for transitioning the energy sector toward sustainability. This study undertakes a systematic review of existing and near-operational CCUS initiatives globally, with a focus on economic performance, cost structures, and policy frameworks. Evidence from the literature suggests that although CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) can yield short-term productivity gains, the high capital and operational expenditures associated with CCUS systems often undermine their economic feasibility in the absence of supportive policy instruments or carbon pricing mechanisms. Furthermore, the lack of integrated regulatory frameworks and stakeholder coordination has been identified as a critical barrier to progress in Indonesia. It is therefore argued that a comprehensive national strategy is required—one that aligns with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and incorporates targeted subsidies, regulatory clarity, and inter-sectoral collaboration among emitters and storage providers. The analysis underscores the necessity of embedding CCUS into Indonesia’s long-term decarbonisation roadmap through an approach that balances environmental obligations with economic pragmatism.
The integration of economic growth, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability within European Union (EU) development frameworks has been strategically aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These objectives have been positioned to reinforce the EU’s welfare state model while fostering harmonization across member states. In this study, the performance trajectories of 27 EU countries from 2000 to 2023 have been assessed to determine whether convergence in SDG outcomes has occurred, and whether progress towards sustainable development has followed a common pathway. The SDG Index and data for 16 individual SDGs were analyzed using the club convergence methodology and the log t-regression test, allowing for the identification of heterogeneous dynamic patterns and latent convergence clubs. The results indicate that a singular equilibrium in SDG performance has not yet been achieved, with evidence of structural divergence across several key goals. While convergence has been observed for Goals 1, 9, 12, and 13, significant divergence persists for Goals 2, 5, 6, and 8. These findings underscore the limitations of a uniform policy approach and suggest that differentiated, context-sensitive strategies may be required to close performance gaps. The presence of club convergence further implies that member states are evolving towards distinct equilibria, shaped by domestic policy frameworks, institutional capacities, and socioeconomic contexts. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature by providing a systematic and longitudinal analysis of SDG performance heterogeneity within the EU and contributes to ongoing debates on the effectiveness of supranational sustainability governance. It is argued that recognizing and responding to these differentiated trajectories is critical for the design of targeted policy interventions capable of advancing inclusive and balanced sustainable development across the union.
Wireless communication technology has transformed connectivity across industries, but its widespread adoption comes with significant challenges. The purpose of paper is to identify and analyze the most critical obstacles affecting the efficiency, reliability, and scalability of wireless communication systems. This research paper mainly demonstrates to determine the most effective challenges for wireless communication technology. In recent times, it is really very significant and demanding work of this technology-based society. Interference, security vulnerabilities, bandwidth limitations, signal attenuation, and latency concerns etc. are the basic factors of this challenging work. This study explores the application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) to evaluate this. We apply the weighted MCDM method, i.e., Entropy in this paper. The decisions of multiple decision makers (DMs) are considered into account when collecting this problem related data and IFNs are utilised as mathematical tools to handle uncertainty. In order to address the ambiguity and inconsistency of the system, we finally conclude to conduct the analysis here with final result.
In response to escalating urban traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and mobility inefficiencies, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and sustainable mobility strategies have been increasingly recognised as vital components of smart city development. In this study, the city of Trabzon, Türkiye, was examined as a representative urban environment facing such challenges. Six major intersections exhibiting persistent traffic congestion were selected for conversion from conventional fixed-time signal control to adaptive, traffic-actuated signalisation systems. Detailed performance evaluations were conducted, incorporating microsimulation modelling and real-time traffic flow analysis. The implementation of adaptive signalisation was found to significantly reduce vehicular delay, queue lengths, and intersection-level emissions, while enhancing operational efficiency and traffic safety. A complementary analysis assessed the economic and environmental impacts of this intervention, revealing considerable annual savings in fuel consumption and marked reductions in carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) emissions, thereby underscoring the long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the proposed system. In parallel, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and micromobility solutions—including electric buses, minibuses, passenger cars, bicycles, and scooters—was proposed to further promote sustainable urban mobility. Strategic placement of EV charging infrastructure was suggested, with spatial planning informed by expected demand distribution and intermodal connectivity. Economic modelling demonstrated a reduction in operational fuel expenditure, while environmental projections indicated a substantial decrease in transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, micromobility modes were proposed as critical for addressing first- and last-mile connectivity gaps, mitigating short-distance vehicular traffic, and alleviating urban parking demand. Policy recommendations emphasised the necessity of strong municipal leadership in facilitating infrastructure deployment, public adoption, and behavioural shifts towards low-emission transport alternatives. The findings position Trabzon as a viable model for medium-sized urban centres seeking to implement scalable and replicable smart mobility frameworks. By integrating adaptive traffic control with zero-emission mobility, this study provides actionable insights into the design of efficient, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable urban transportation ecosystems.
The risk of catastrophic flooding from sequential dam breaches in cascade reservoir systems has become increasingly critical under the influence of complex climate change and extreme geological events. In this study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic dam-break model was developed to analyse flood propagation and inundation dynamics for the $RE1$, $RE2$, and $RE3$ cascade reservoirs in the lower Southwest China River Basin, considering various instantaneous full and partial collapse scenarios. Four distinct scenarios were simulated to evaluate breach characteristics and inundation impacts. Notably, Scenario 3-involving the simultaneous instantaneous full collapse of all three reservoirs-produced peak flow rates of 341,200 m$^3$/s, 1,157,900 m$^3$/s, and 340,100 m$^3$/s at $RE1$, $RE2$, and $RE3$, respectively. Under this worst-case scenario, maximum inundation depths at representative sites A, B, C, and D reached 69.51 m, 79.87 m, 77.16 m, and 48.38 m, with high-severity flooding areas extending over 0.95 km$^2$, 1.10 km$^2$, 1.21 km$^2$, and 1.73 km$^2$, respectively. In comparison, Scenarios 1 and 2 generated lower peak flow rates, smaller inundation areas, and less severe flooding, while Scenario 4-representing overtopping without structural breach-resulted in a substantial reduction of high-risk zones. The findings highlight the pronounced escalation of flood risk under simultaneous multi-reservoir collapse conditions and underscore the necessity for enhanced coordinated flood management and emergency response strategies in cascade reservoir systems. This study offers valuable insights into dam failure risk assessment, contributing to improved flood mitigation policies and emergency preparedness in regions vulnerable to extreme hydrological events.
Open Access
adi sutrisno 
, etty wahyuni , m. wahyu agang , tjahjo tri hartono , mas davino sayaza , dwi santoso , deny titing , erwan kusnadi , elida novita , rahmat pramulya , devi maulida rahmah |
Available online: 06-10-2025
Robusta coffee cultivation in Malinau Regency has been increasingly associated with forest land conversion, thereby intensifying the need for sustainable management practices that align with both environmental conservation and rural livelihood enhancement. To evaluate the sustainability of Robusta coffee farming systems, the sustainable livelihood framework was applied, focusing on five key livelihood capitals: natural, human, social, physical, and financial. A mixed-methods approach involving Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and thematic analysis was employed to quantify sustainability levels and identify leverage points for strategic intervention. Results indicated that most capitals were classified as either “unsustainable” or “less sustainable.” Social capital demonstrated the lowest performance, with an index of 15.10, while financial capital followed at 20.88; both were categorized as “unsustainable.” Natural capital (26.13) and human capital (26.09) were deemed “less sustainable,” whereas physical capital showed relatively higher resilience with an index of 46.61, though still within the “less sustainable” threshold. Key constraints included insecure land tenure, underdeveloped infrastructure, limited social cohesion, and economic dependence on non-coffee income sources. Strategic interventions were proposed, including the certification of land ownership for 70% of coffee farmers within three years, the revitalization of farmer cooperatives to improve social capital, and the enhancement of rural infrastructure, particularly targeting 85% electricity coverage in coffee-producing areas by the second year. The integration of Geographical Indication (GI) certification with agroforestry-based production systems was identified as a pivotal strategy to reconcile ecological integrity with market competitiveness. By year four, price premiums of up to 40% in domestic markets and 60% in international markets were targeted through value addition and branding. These integrated measures are expected to reinforce livelihood resilience while promoting long-term socio-ecological sustainability in Malinau’s coffee landscapes.
Underwater electroacoustic transducers detect and localize targets beneath the water surface by generating acoustic waves. Due to their high power and simple structure, Tonpilz transducers are commonly used in underwater applications. To enhance data transmission speed and improve target detection capabilities using these transducers, it is necessary to increase their frequency bandwidth. One method of broadening the bandwidth is by adding damping elements to the transducer; however, this approach reduces the transmitted voltage response. In other words, increasing the frequency bandwidth comes at the cost of a reduced voltage output. To address this issue, arrays are typically used. Arrays are groups of transducers arranged together to improve performance and direct acoustic energy in a desired direction. Since accurate identification and estimation of bandwidth are critical to the performance and efficiency of a transducer—and ultimately the electroacoustic array—and given the high cost of manufacturing such transducers and arrays, the finite element method (FEM) is considered a highly desirable tool for analyzing and estimating the frequency bandwidth of electroacoustic arrays. Planar arrays are the simplest type of array. In the present study, the frequency responses of several planar arrays in square, circular, and diamond configurations have been comprehensively examined using finite element modeling. The effects of changes in array geometry, as well as variations in the number of transducers and their spacing, on the arrays’ performance have been predicted. Based on the obtained results, among three kinds of square arrays with different inter-element spacing, the array with a spacing of 0.4$\lambda$ between transducers exhibits the widest bandwidth. Additionally, among the two simulated circular arrays, the one with more elements demonstrates a higher transmitted voltage response and broader bandwidth. Furthermore, altering the array shape can reduce side lobes and help achieve the desired beam pattern. Overall, selecting the optimal array depends on the intended application, operating range, working environment, existing noise levels, and potential interference sources. Depending on these conditions, any of the examined arrays can be utilized effectively.
The used vehicle market has increasingly been recognised as a critical component in advancing sustainability objectives, particularly within the framework of a circular economy. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of the Italian used car sector has been conducted, with emphasis placed on its economic viability, environmental implications, and role in promoting resource efficiency through extended product life cycles. Economic indicators demonstrate that the reuse of vehicles not only reduces material waste and energy consumption associated with new car production, but also enhances accessibility and cost-effectiveness for consumers. To quantify the reliability of used vehicles and support informed decision-making among stakeholders, a predictive model was developed employing a dataset comprising over 100,000 pre-owned vehicles. Reliability was evaluated through the estimation of the Percentage of Residual Life (PRL), derived using a hybrid approach that integrates Weibull distribution-based survival analysis with multivariate regression techniques, calibrated against vehicle age and mileage. This modelling framework enables the estimation of remaining service life with high granularity, offering a standardised metric to assess vehicle longevity and performance risk. The integration of economic and reliability analyses provides a multidimensional understanding of the market, addressing both financial sustainability and operational dependability. Through this dual approach, a pathway has been proposed for enhancing the transparency, sustainability, and efficiency of used vehicle transactions in Italy. The findings are intended to inform policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers by highlighting the strategic potential of second-hand vehicles in reducing lifecycle emissions and promoting circularity in the automotive industry. Broader implications for sustainable transport policy, second-hand asset valuation, and market regulation are also discussed, situating the Italian used car market as a replicable model for sustainable vehicle ecosystem management in Europe and beyond.
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