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Organic Farming (OF)
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ISSN: 2297-6485
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2025: Vol. 11
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Organic Farming (OF) is an innovative journal dedicated to enriching the field of organic agriculture and sustainable food production. It stands out by providing a comprehensive exploration of organic farming, covering soil and plant management, pest and disease control, and the sustainability of resources such as soil, water, and biodiversity. OF serves as a critical platform for sharing advancements and insights in organic practices, food quality, marketing strategies, and the policy landscape affecting organic production. The journal emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary research, offering fresh perspectives on how organic farming contributes to environmental sustainability, food security, and socio-economic development. Published by Acadlore, OF releases its findings to the academic and practical agriculture community with four issues each year in March, June, September, and December, aiming to facilitate meaningful discussions among scientists, farmers, policymakers, and consumers engaged in the organic movement.

  • Professional Service - Every article submitted undergoes an intensive yet swift peer review and editing process, adhering to the highest publication standards.

  • Prompt Publication - Thanks to our proficiency in orchestrating the peer-review, editing, and production processes, all accepted articles see rapid publication.

  • Open Access - Every published article is instantly accessible to a global readership, allowing for uninhibited sharing across various platforms at any time.

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Aims & Scope

Aims

Organic Farming (OF) aspires to serve as a leading platform for the dissemination of ground-breaking research and innovations in organic agriculture and food systems. Our journal's mission is to foster a rich scholarly and practical dialogue on advancing organic farming practices that enhance sustainability, biodiversity, and food security in the face of global environmental challenges. By integrating a multidisciplinary approach, OF aims to bring together natural sciences, social sciences, and practical agricultural methodologies, synthesizing diverse perspectives to address the complex dimensions of organic farming and food production. The journal prioritizes research that delivers actionable insights for farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers, promoting practices that contribute to the sustainability of the ecosystem and social equity. OF encourages submissions that explore both theoretical underpinnings and empirical implementations of organic farming, aiming for a comprehensive understanding without constraints on manuscript length. Highlights of the journal include:

  • Every publication benefits from prominent indexing, ensuring widespread recognition.

  • A distinguished editorial team upholds unparalleled quality and broad appeal.

  • Seamless online discoverability of each article maximizes its global reach.

  • An author-centric and transparent publication process enhances submission experience.

Scope

OF's scope is broad and inclusive, covering all aspects of organic agriculture and sustainable food systems. The journal invites contributions that address a wide range of topics within this domain, including but not limited to:

  • Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Conservation: Investigating the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services, and contribute to carbon sequestration. This approach not only promotes ecological balance but also improves the overall resilience of agricultural systems.

  • Sustainable Crop and Livestock Management: Research on innovative crop rotations, green manures, biological pest control, and sustainable livestock management practices aimed at improving soil health and reducing environmental impact. This includes the veterinary aspects of organic livestock production, ensuring animal health and welfare while minimizing the need and use of antibiotics.

  • Organic Food Quality and Processing: Studies focusing on methods that ensure the high nutritional value and safety of organic food, emphasizing minimal processing techniques to retain the original quality and nutritional value of the food.

  • Soil and Water Protection: Comprehensive research on organic farming practices that preserve soil integrity and water quality, including effective strategies for compost and manure management, nutrient cycling to minimize loss and pollution.

  • Circular Economy and Energy Production in Organic Production: Exploring waste reduction, resource recycling, energy efficiency, and self-sufficiency in energy through biomass energy production within the organic farming sector.

  • Policies, Certifications, and Consumer Acceptance: Evaluating the regulatory frameworks, certification processes, and market dynamics affecting the organic sector, especially how they impact consumer choices and industry standards.

  • Innovative Breeding Techniques for Organic Agriculture: Research on plant breeding and genetics tailored to the needs of organic farming, promoting crop diversity and resilience to adversities.

  • Ecosystem Services and Climate Resilience: Examining the role of organic farming in enhancing ecosystem services, mitigating climate change impacts, and fostering climate adaptability and resilience.

  • Social Aspects and Marketing of Organic Products: Analysis of social acceptance, consumer preferences, ethical considerations, and effective marketing strategies for organic products, ensuring market acceptance and growth.

  • Technological Advances in Organic Farming: Examination of the role of technology, including ICT, AI, and remote sensing, in improving organic farming practices and monitoring environmental impacts.

  • Urban Organic Farming and Food Systems: Investigating the development and integration of organic farming practices in urban areas to support local food systems and urban sustainability, promoting urban-rural interaction.

  • Global Organic Trade and Market Trends: Analysis of global trade dynamics, market trends, and the economic viability of organic farming, as well as how to adapt to changing international market demands.

  • Organic Farming and Rural Development: Exploring the impact of organic farming on rural communities, especially in terms of poverty alleviation, economic development, and social equity. This includes studying how organic farming can provide sustainable livelihoods for rural residents and enhance their economic resilience through improved production efficiency and market access.

  • Interdisciplinary Approaches to Organic Farming Research: Encouraging the use of interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches to address the complex challenges in organic farming, integrating knowledge and techniques from ecology, agricultural science, social science, economics, and more.

  • Regenerative Organic Agriculture: Research on regenerative organic practices that go beyond sustainability, actively improving soil health, biodiversity, and overall ecosystem resilience through more proactive approaches to restoring and enhancing the productive capacity of natural resources.

  • Organic Farming Policy and Advocacy: Evaluation of policy initiatives, advocacy strategies, and legislative frameworks that support the growth and development of organic agriculture worldwide, including how effective policy environments can be formed to promote the sustainable development and expansion of organic farming.

  • Education and Training in Organic Agriculture: Exploring the importance of education, training, and extension services in promoting organic farming practices among new and existing farmers, including how education and capacity building can improve farmers' understanding and application of organic farming techniques.

  • Tillage and No-Tillage Organic Farming Systems: Delving into the application of tillage and no-tillage management practices in organic farming, including how these methods affect soil health, crop yield, and ecosystem services.

  • Weed Ecology and Management: Researching the ecological characteristics of weeds in organic farming systems and their management strategies, exploring how to control weeds effectively through eco-friendly methods while maintaining or enhancing farmland biodiversity.

Articles
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Open Access
Research article
Rainfall Forecasting in Central Lombok Using an Enhanced Facebook Prophet Model with Multiplicative Seasonality
yuyun hidayat ,
budhi handoko ,
yosefina pradjanata
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Available online: 09-02-2025

Abstract

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Accurate rainfall forecasting remains critical for climate-sensitive agricultural planning, particularly in monsoon-driven regions where rice production is highly vulnerable to hydrometeorological variability. In this study, rainfall in Central Lombok Regency was forecasted using an enhanced version of the Facebook Prophet model incorporating a multiplicative seasonal component. Univariate monthly rainfall data (measured in millimeters) from January 1991 to July 2024 were utilized to train and evaluate the model. A configuration yielding optimal performance produced a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 18.08% on the testing set, with 80.19% of the forecasted values exhibiting an Absolute Percentage Error (APE) below 20%, indicating a high level of predictive reliability. Forecasting was conducted over a short-term horizon of nine 10-day periods (approximately three months). Analysis of the forecast outputs identified the transition period from the dry to the rainy season—early August to late October—as the most favorable window for initiating rice planting. By aligning planting schedules with anticipated rainfall patterns, the likelihood of crop failure can be mitigated, thereby enhancing productivity and supporting local food security. The findings underscore the practical utility of interpretable time series models in developing data-driven agricultural calendars and advancing climate-resilient farming practices. This approach is particularly relevant for tropical monsoon regions facing increasingly erratic rainfall due to climate change. Furthermore, the demonstrated integration of seasonality effects within the Prophet framework contributes methodologically to the broader field of agro-meteorological forecasting.

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Modern high-input, intensive agricultural systems predominantly emphasize productivity and profitability at the expense of ecological balance. The Green Revolution, though instrumental in enhancing food security, relied heavily on mechanization, intensive cultivation, and high-yielding varieties, often compromising long-term sustainability. These practices have accelerated land use change and deforestation, leading to a substantial decline in soil organic matter (SOM), a reduction in terrestrial carbon sinks, and a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Under the increasing pressures of climate change—manifested in the form of drought, flooding, and pest outbreaks—the vulnerability of conventional farming systems has been exacerbated. In response to these challenges, regenerative organic agriculture (ROA) has been recognized as a holistic framework capable of restoring ecosystem functions, enhancing soil health, and supporting sustainable food production. This review synthesizes current research on ROA, with particular emphasis on practices that contribute to soil building and ecological regeneration. A meta-analysis of cover cropping practices across diverse soil types has demonstrated the potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) between 0.32 and 16.70 Mg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹. Globally, an estimated SOC sequestration of 0.03 Pg·C·yr⁻¹ via cover crops could offset approximately 8% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The physical, chemical, and biological improvements to soil properties facilitated by ROA have been systematically examined. Traditional Vedic agricultural practices in India have also been revisited for their ecological relevance and compatibility with regenerative principles. Integrated farming systems combining leguminous crops, agroforestry, horticulture, pasture, and animal husbandry have been reviewed for their synergistic effects on biodiversity enhancement, nutrient cycling, and climate mitigation. Additionally, the transition to renewable energy sources, reliance on self-saved seeds, and minimization of external inputs have been underscored as key strategies for achieving farm-level self-sufficiency and ecological sustainability. This review synthesizes scientific findings and traditional knowledge to highlight ROA as a holistic solution for restoring soil function, conserving natural resources, and advancing sustainable agricultural development.

Open Access
Research article
The Collaborative Roles of Stakeholders in Advancing Sustainable Organic Rice Farming in Yogyakarta
triyono ,
nurwahyu alamsyah ,
widodo ,
erlyna wida riptanti ,
zuhud rozaki ,
mhd fauzi kamarudin ,
thania lintang jayanti ,
yunanto
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Available online: 08-10-2025

Abstract

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The roles of stakeholders in the development of sustainable organic rice farming in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were investigated, along with the patterns of collaboration among them. The study was conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta through purposive sampling to identify key informants. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing data collection through structured observations and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using an interactive model combined with thematic analysis, involving iterative stages of data gathering, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Stakeholder roles identified included those in education and socialization, technical mentoring, organic farming training, marketing facilitation, organic fertilizer production, organic rice production, policy formulation, scientific research contributions, and the establishment of association institutions. Collaborative linkages were identified among various actors, including academic institutions, business units, farmer groups, government bodies, and media organizations. Collaborative linkages were observed between academic institutions and business units, farmer groups, government agencies, and media organizations; business units and academic institutions; farmer groups and academic, business, governmental, and media stakeholders; government agencies and academic, business, farmer, and media sectors; and media organizations with academic, business, governmental, and farming communities. These findings underscore the complexity and significance of multi-stakeholder cooperation in advancing sustainable organic agriculture. Strengthening these collaborations is considered essential for the long-term success and resilience of organic farming initiatives in the region.
Open Access
Research article
Effects of Organic and Amino Acid Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
zeyad amer mostfa ,
ahmed alsawaf ,
Omar Ahmed Fathi Al-Rubaie ,
ali m. saadi ,
angham talal mahmoud al-chalabi ,
faris f. a. al-zuhairi
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Available online: 06-29-2025

Abstract

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This study was conducted during the 2023-2024 growing season at the Agricultural Technical College, Northern Technical University, Nineveh Governorate, to evaluate the effects of organic and amino acid fertilization on the vegetative growth and yield performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed, comprising two fertilizer types (organic and amino acid) and three concentrations (0, 10, and 15 g·L⁻¹), resulting in six treatment combinations, each replicated three times, for a total of 18 experimental units. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software. Significant improvements were observed in several vegetative and physiological parameters, including plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content. Organic fertilization produced the most substantial increases in plant height (43.000 cm), number of branches (5.444 branches·plant⁻¹), stem diameter (16.367 mm·seedling⁻¹), and leaf chlorophyll content (22.723 SPAD), significantly outperforming amino acid fertilization and the control. In contrast, amino acid fertilization resulted in a higher number of fruits per plant (5.888 fruits·plant⁻¹). The interaction between organic fertilization and the 10 g·L⁻¹ concentration yielded the highest plant height (52.667 cm) and number of fruits (6.000 fruits·plant⁻¹). Additionally, the combination of organic fertilization and 15 g·L⁻¹ concentration significantly increased the number of branches (6.666 branches·plant⁻¹) and chlorophyll content (29.417 SPAD). The stem diameter reached its maximum value (20.050 mm·seedling⁻¹) under amino acid fertilization at a concentration of 10 g·L⁻¹. The control treatment consistently produced the lowest values across all evaluated parameters. These findings demonstrate that both organic and amino acid fertilization can significantly enhance specific growth and yield components in eggplant, with organic fertilizers exhibiting superior overall performance in vegetative traits and amino acids promoting reproductive output. The results highlight the potential of integrating amino acid and organic nutrient management strategies to optimize eggplant productivity under field conditions.

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A transition toward organic fertilizers has increasingly been adopted as a key strategy to support sustainable agriculture, particularly in highland farming systems. In Sumber Brantas Village, Batu City, East Java—one of Indonesia's major highland potato-producing regions—potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation plays a critical role due to its high market value, adaptability to altitude, and importance as a carbohydrate source. This study investigated the effects of Tithonia diversifolia-derived organic fertilizer and varying plant densities on potato growth and productivity. Four fertilizer application rates (0, 120, 175, and 230 kg N/ha) and three plant densities (35,000, 47,000, and 71,000 plants/ha) were evaluated using a randomized block design arranged in a split-plot layout. Results indicated that the application of Tithonia diversifolia organic fertilizer significantly enhanced plant height, tuber biomass, and nitrogen (N) uptake. The highest fertilizer dose (230 kg N/ha) was associated with a 25% increase in N absorption and a 28% improvement in tuber yield relative to the unfertilized control. However, plant density did not exert a statistically significant effect on measured agronomic parameters. These findings underscore the agronomic value of Tithonia diversifolia as an organic fertilizer capable of improving nutrient use efficiency and tuber productivity under highland cultivation conditions. The results support the integration of this bioresource into sustainable nutrient management strategies for potato production, particularly in regions where agroecological conditions favor organic inputs.

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Enhancing the productivity of forage crops while maintaining soil health remains a critical objective in sustainable agriculture. Excessive application of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, particularly urea, has contributed to soil degradation and environmental concerns, prompting the need for biologically sustainable alternatives. In this study, the effects of substituting urea with bioorganic fertilizer on soil quality and forage yield in an intercropping system of Pennisetum purpureum and Macroptilium atropurpureum were investigated. A randomized block design (RBD) was employed with six substitution treatments: no fertilizer (T), 0% substitution (S0), and 25% (S1), 50% (S2), 75% (S3), and 100% (S4) substitution of urea-N with bioorganic fertilizer. Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in 24 experimental plots. Parameters evaluated included soil properties, populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and growth and biomass characteristics of the forage association. Substitution treatments significantly improved soil fertility indices. The highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (3.23%) was observed in S3, while total N content (Total N) in S2, S3, and S4 exceeded that of T and S0. Available phosphorus (P) was greatest in S3 and S4, and the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) (24.08 me 100 g-1) was recorded in S4. The S2 and S3 treatments yielded the highest leaf dry weights (1.55 and 1.49 kg plot-1, respectively), stem dry weights (1.84 and 1.70 kg plot-1), and total dry forage weight (3.38 and 3.19 kg plot-1). Leaf-to-stem ratios and leaf areas in S2 and S3 were comparable to S0 and significantly greater than T. The lowest leaf area-to-total forage ratios (14.39 and 15.05 m² kg-1) were also observed in these treatments. It was demonstrated that 50% and 75% substitution levels of urea-N with bioorganic fertilizer not only enhanced soil quality parameters but also significantly increased forage productivity compared to exclusive urea application. These findings underscore the potential of bioorganic fertilizer as a sustainable alternative to inorganic N sources, contributing to improved soil health, higher forage yields, and more resilient agroecosystems.

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The transition toward Industry 5.0 has necessitated a deeper understanding of sustainable supply chain development, particularly within organic agricultural cooperatives operating in rural environments. In this context, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to examine the determinants influencing sustainable supply chains and to evaluate their maturity within organic agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam’s rural regions. A sample of 250 cooperatives was selected for analysis. The data were processed through a two-stage methodology: initially employing an ordinal logistic regression (OLR) model to identify key influencing factors, followed by the application of a sustainable supply chain maturity model to assess the developmental stage of these cooperatives. The results revealed that the average maturity level of sustainable supply chains among the surveyed cooperatives approached Level 3, suggesting a moderate stage of development with partial integration of sustainability practices. Among the evaluated dimensions, quality issues (mean score: 3.53), customer and marketing management (3.22), and supplier management (3.05) were found to exert the most substantial influence on supply chain sustainability. Furthermore, policy implications were proposed to support cooperative development. The study contributes to the existing literature by offering an empirically grounded maturity model framework tailored to the unique dynamics of rural organic agriculture and by advancing the discourse on sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies undergoing industrial transformation.

Open Access
Research article
Sustainability Evaluation of Robusta Coffee Farming in Malinau Regency Using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework
adi sutrisno ,
etty wahyuni ,
m. wahyu agang ,
tjahjo tri hartono ,
mas davino sayaza ,
dwi santoso ,
deny titing ,
erwan kusnadi ,
elida novita ,
rahmat pramulya ,
devi maulida rahmah
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Available online: 06-10-2025

Abstract

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Robusta coffee cultivation in Malinau Regency has been increasingly associated with forest land conversion, thereby intensifying the need for sustainable management practices that align with both environmental conservation and rural livelihood enhancement. To evaluate the sustainability of Robusta coffee farming systems, the sustainable livelihood framework was applied, focusing on five key livelihood capitals: natural, human, social, physical, and financial. A mixed-methods approach involving Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and thematic analysis was employed to quantify sustainability levels and identify leverage points for strategic intervention. Results indicated that most capitals were classified as either “unsustainable” or “less sustainable.” Social capital demonstrated the lowest performance, with an index of 15.10, while financial capital followed at 20.88; both were categorized as “unsustainable.” Natural capital (26.13) and human capital (26.09) were deemed “less sustainable,” whereas physical capital showed relatively higher resilience with an index of 46.61, though still within the “less sustainable” threshold. Key constraints included insecure land tenure, underdeveloped infrastructure, limited social cohesion, and economic dependence on non-coffee income sources. Strategic interventions were proposed, including the certification of land ownership for 70% of coffee farmers within three years, the revitalization of farmer cooperatives to improve social capital, and the enhancement of rural infrastructure, particularly targeting 85% electricity coverage in coffee-producing areas by the second year. The integration of Geographical Indication (GI) certification with agroforestry-based production systems was identified as a pivotal strategy to reconcile ecological integrity with market competitiveness. By year four, price premiums of up to 40% in domestic markets and 60% in international markets were targeted through value addition and branding. These integrated measures are expected to reinforce livelihood resilience while promoting long-term socio-ecological sustainability in Malinau’s coffee landscapes.

Open Access
Research article
Predicting the Success of Coffee Farmer Partnerships Using Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression
budi utomo ,
teguh soedarto ,
sri tjondro winarno ,
hamidah hendrarini
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Available online: 03-30-2025

Abstract

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The determinants of successful partnership models between coffee farmers and key stakeholders—comprising private enterprises, cooperatives, and governmental bodies—were investigated to enhance productivity and sustainability within the coffee sector in Mojokerto, Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating factor analysis and multiple linear regression modeling to examine the predictive influence of partnership dimensions. Four core dimensions—economic, social, cultural, and agroclimatic—were evaluated through exploratory factor analysis to uncover latent structures underpinning partnership success. The analysis resulted in the identification of four principal components: socio-economic exchange dynamics, socio-economic connectivity of agriculture, capital networks and socio-economic experience, and economic and educational networks. These components were subsequently used as independent variables in a multiple linear regression model, where partnership success was operationalized through kernel weight outputs as a proxy for productivity performance. The regression model accounted for 84.19% of the variance in partnership success, indicating strong explanatory power. The findings underscore the critical role of non-economic dimensions—particularly social connectivity and education—in driving effective partnerships, alongside traditional economic considerations. Policy implications include the need to design intervention strategies that enhance farmers' access to capital, strengthen educational and training programs, and encourage participation in socio-economic networks. While the model demonstrates strong internal validity within the context of the coffee industry, its applicability to other agricultural commodities remains to be tested. Further research is recommended to validate these findings across diverse agro-industrial contexts, thereby supporting the development of inclusive and scalable partnership models. This study contributes empirical evidence to inform stakeholder decision-making and promote resilient, equity-driven frameworks for agricultural collaboration.

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