Historical records indicate that Lasem, a petite coastal town in Java, Indonesia, boasts a rich lineage commencing around 7-8 AD. Several distinct periods, encompassing the Hindu-Majapahit, Islamic, Chinese-Muslim, Colonial, Japanese, Independence, and Post-independence eras, have been identified as shaping the town's evolution. This study endeavored to elucidate the urban morphological shifts observed in Lasem over these diverse epochs, intending to derive a model for small coastal cities. Utilising a qualitative case study methodology, data was extracted from Pratiwo's sketch map, supplemented by historical maps archived in kit.nl.lv and the Tropen Museum collection. By juxtaposing the temporal modifications of Lasem's structure, connections were drawn with extant theories. The resultant findings reveal a city morphology moulded by both constant (rivers and squares) and evolving structural elements (notably the introduction of Daendels Street and the railroad during colonial rule). Distinctively, Lasem's configuration diverges from typical Southeast Asian coastal towns, primarily attributed to its modest size, which obviated the construction of Dutch defensive forts. Consequently, the formulated model for Lasem presents a four-stage developmental sequence, uniquely omitting the ‘fort city’ stage commonly observed in coastal city frameworks. This novel model furnishes profound insights into the urban morphology of comparable coastal towns, offering a robust platform for devising tailored urban planning and developmental stratagems for similar contexts.

In an exploration of biophilic cities, this study examines the integration of nature into urban environments, emphasizing its critical importance to human well-being. Biophilic cities are characterized by abundant green and blue spaces, facilitating human interaction within natural settings. These cities prioritize pedestrian spaces, cultural and historical sites linked to nature, and diverse usage ensuring habitat conservation. To ascertain the key factors enabling effective and sustainable incorporation of nature into urban spaces, two primary components were identified. Firstly, the block-level nature integration factor was investigated, represented by the Meso Index. This index is calculated by the green area's ratio within a designated block. Secondly, the citywide nature integration factor, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of green spaces throughout the city, was examined. This factor promotes direct interaction with nature across various urban functions, including housing, commerce, education, and recreation. Both the lawn afforestation index and the linear garden index serve as measures for this integration. Direct and indirect indicators affected by the establishment of biophilic cities were then applied to Kufa City, Iraq. Employing GIS for map production and analysis alongside mathematical models, indicators were analyzed through field surveys, observation, and feedback forms. Results revealed the innate human predisposition towards nature, highlighting its significance in daily life. Adverse effects on human life and behavior were observed in areas devoid of greenery. Kufa City exhibited potential for biophilic transformation, contingent upon accurate indicator application and improved green space planning.

The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has significantly revolutionized urban logistics, particularly through the emergence of crowd-sourced platforms. This evolution has engendered substantial benefits, including cost-effectiveness, enhanced delivery speeds, and environmentally sustainable practices. Yet, the unregulated nature of such platforms poses considerable challenges, especially in Human Resource Management (HRM) within crowd distribution networks. This study, in a groundbreaking exploration, examines the complexities inherent in HRM in the context of urban crowd logistics. It primarily focuses on employment dilemmas, training intricacies, and the intricacies of salary computation, thereby illuminating areas hitherto unexplored in existing literature. It is identified that both crowd workers and pldatform operators encounter significant challenges in effective human resource administration, marking a critical area of concern. The study further discerns the regulatory lacunae prevalent in this sector, proffering prospective remedial measures and advanced HRM strategies. Such insights are pivotal in augmenting the understanding of the interplay between human resources and crowd logistics, laying a foundation for both academic research and practical application. The paper, therefore, not only contributes to scholarly discourse but also offers pragmatic guidance for optimizing HRM in crowd logistics. This comprehensive analysis serves as a crucial resource for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics, charting a course for future inquiry and refinement in crowd logistics HRM.

In urban logistics, the strategic placement of logistics centers significantly influences cost efficiency. This study explores optimal locations for establishing logistics centers within the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The methodology involves expert evaluations, employing linguistic values to assess criteria and alternatives. A fuzzy approach is utilized to translate these values into actionable data. The application of the fuzzy Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) method was instrumental in ascertaining the significance of various location selection criteria. Amongst these, connectivity to multinodular transport emerged as paramount. Concurrently, the fuzzy Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method facilitated the ranking of potential sites, identifying the Brka-Gajine Zone as the most favorable. These findings were substantiated through a comparative and sensitivity analysis. Comparative analysis reinforced the CoCoSo method's alignment with results derived from the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Sensitivity analysis revealed fluctuations in the rankings of locations A2 and A5 across twelve scenarios. This research not only demonstrates the efficacy of fuzzy methodologies in urban logistics center location selection but also highlights the Brka-Gajine Zone's potential as a burgeoning business hub, poised to become a dominant force in logistics. The study's findings offer valuable insights for urban planning and logistics optimization, emphasizing the role of multidimensional assessment in such decision-making processes.