Environmental sociology has become an increasingly important field of study in addressing various global environmental challenges. Given the crucial role of this discipline in understanding the interaction between society and the environment, it is essential to examine the development and current research trends in environmental sociology. This article presents a bibliometric review of the development of environmental sociology research from 1976 to 2024. By analyzing 474 articles authored by 664 scholars across 189 journals, we trace the field's evolution from early concerns with environmental consciousness and ecological disparities to contemporary engagement with pressing issues like climate change, environmental justice, and the Anthropocene. Our findings reveal a field in ascent, with a surge in publications led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. However, challenges remain, including the need for more interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle the growing complexity of environmental problems. Looking ahead, we identify promising avenues for future inquiry, from unraveling the social dimensions of climate adaptation to confronting environmental inequities and strengthening the field's theoretical and methodological foundations. Through this bibliometric lens, we aim to sharpen our understanding of environmental sociology's past, present, and future and to inspire the next wave of scholarship on the intricate dance between society and nature in an era of profound global change.

The Musi River in Palembang City plays an important role in meeting human needs, such as food, drink, and clean water. The high level of activity of the community around the river has led to an increase in macroplastic (MP) waste pollution. This study aims to (1) determine the condition of macroplastic waste pollution in the Musi River; (2) determine sustainable macroplastic waste management strategies; and (3) sustainable plastic waste reduction participation. The method uses a qualitative description of semi-structured interviews. Data collection used documentation and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive to describe the current condition and analysed using SWOT. The research results showed that the source of macroplastic waste pollution came from community activities such as domestic activities, industry, markets and tourism. The strategy for capturing macroplastic waste involved placing waste containment devices (trash booms and waste containment fences) in the streams of densely populated tributaries. To reduce the amount of macroplastic waste entering the environment, all parties, including the government, the community, and non-governmental organisations, must participate and work together. The implication of this research is that preventing macroplastic waste from entering the sea and effective management can reduce the threat to shrinking endemic river populations.

The mining effluent, acid mine drainage (AMD), is a major global environmental concern due to its high heavy metal content and highly acidic pH, which contaminates water and compromises the well-being of ecosystems and human health. Mining activity in southern Ecuador is characterised by artisanal and small-scale mining that exploits gold, silver, and copper, registering environmental problems associated mainly with river pollution. The objective of this study was to assess river water quality at 28 points in the Camilo Ponce Enríquez canton and subsequently evaluate the efficiency of various AMD bioremediation techniques with different components, including two different types of bacteria and sugarcane bagasse, by applying statistical methods and considering regulatory criteria. The proposed methodological approach consists of i) physicochemical characterisation of AMD, ii) implementation of pilot bioreactors, and iii) statistical study of bioreactor efficiency. The results show significant water contamination in rivers by AMD, resulting in heavy metal content of at least 0.1 ppb and greater than 1000 ppb in areas close to mining activity, exceeding the Ecuadorian maximum permissible limits. Statistical analysis of the bioreactor performance indicates that bioreactors containing bagasse and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated the most efficient techniques for the removal of heavy metals, reaching an average removal range of 85.35% and 89.64%, respectively, for metals such as Al, Cd, As, Cu, Fe, and Ni. This study provides a solid basis for using agricultural waste, such as sugarcane bagasse combined with SRB, to remove heavy metals in situ on a large scale to mitigate the environmental impacts of mining activity.

This research aims to analyze the evolution of water management models in agriculture and determine whether these models align with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Using the PICO framework question: How have water management models evolved over time and whether their implementation in the agricultural sector has complied with IWRM principles, comparing Latin America with other regions? Articles in English or Spanish were included, while reviews, book chapters, books, and conference papers were excluded. The search was performed in Web of Science (WOS) and SCOPUS in April 2024, with 68 selected for detailed reviews. The methodology of each study was evaluated to identify key trends in IWRM. Results were synthesized, highlighting the influence of water crises in geographic areas, particularly in countries within the tropics. A trend towards basin-level analysis, like the basic management unit, was observed. Additionally, there was an increase in water models incorporating the three approaches of IWRM by the end of the second decade of the 21st century.

The freight forwarding industry serves as a crucial bridge between importers, exporters, and shipping and transportation companies. By facilitating the smooth movement of goods across borders, freight forwarders play a vital role in global trade. However, this industry also significantly impacts environmental stability due to the emission of harmful gases, carbon footprints, waste generation, and improper disposal practices, such as dumping waste into the soil. These activities contribute to environmental degradation and pose serious threats to natural ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential for the freight forwarding industry to adopt green initiatives and sustainable practices to minimize its environmental impact and promote long-term ecological balance. This study attempts exploratory research on green logistics practices and the challenges of their implementation in the case of freight forwarding industry in Hyderabad, India. Using primary research with 150 employees in freight forwarding companies, the paper explores the levels of awareness and adoption, as well as challenges to green logistics management. The study tested the following five hypotheses: educational gaps, economic barriers, customer demand, industry structure, and heterogeneity. Using convenience random sampling and quantitative data analysis, the results show that employees have considerable gaps in education and awareness, as only 28.0% of employees are also very familiar with green logistics concepts. The major barriers inhibiting the widescale adoption included high upfront costs (74.7%), education and awareness challenges (65.3%), customer expectations for competitive pricing (62.7%), and extended installation time (60.0%) All five hypotheses were confirmed with chi-square statistics from 19.76 to 45.72 (p<0.05). We highlight that the diversity of company sizes within the freight forwarding industry results in a spectrum of behavior when it comes to adopting green practices. Micro-level enterprises are facing much more significant challenges (58.0%) than higher-level firms at these conditions, coupled with highly uneven resource distribution (60.7%) Despite these barriers, the majority of respondents acknowledge the significance of green logistics concerning his/her company for operational efficiency (93.3%) and competitive advantage (86.7%). The results highlight a vital relationship where comprehensive education programs, targeted financial support and collaborative efforts from stakeholders can help highlight the more sustainable environmental approach to this activity.

This study focuses on using bamboo as a substitute for indoor flooring, emphasizing its sustainability, economic benefits, and aesthetic potential. This research systematically reviewed existing literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze factors influencing the adoption of bamboo flooring materials as an alternative sustainable material. These factors include cost, durability, sustainability, availability, and aesthetics, positioning bamboo floors as a viable sustainable alternative to other flooring materials. A total of 50 studies were reviewed, with 20 meeting the inclusion criteria, showing a noticeable increase in interest in bamboo flooring in recent years. The findings highlighted bamboo floors' cost-effectiveness, visual appeal, and strong durability when properly processed and treated. The chemical and mechanical properties of bamboo contribute to the durability of bamboo flooring, especially after the manufacturing process. However, some issues persist, like high transportation costs, limited market reach, and low awareness in many regions, particularly outside of tropical areas.

Abalone aquaculture is a critical component of the global seafood industry, with growing demand driving the need for optimized breeding techniques. However, challenges such as inconsistent growth rates and prolonged production periods have hindered profitability and operational efficiency within the industry. This study was conducted to address these challenges, specifically focusing on enhancing abalone growth rates. Three months quantitative data were collected from the Abalone farming company on Abalone in response to different environmental factors to study the effects of these factors on the Abalone growth. Each experimental tank was installed with an Automatic Aquatic System integrated with PH, salinity, and temperature sensors for maintaining, monitoring, and controlling the three experimental factors within the set limits. The growth metrics were assessed using the absolute and specific growth rate for a comprehensive comparison across different environmental settings. The study also employed a combination of quantitative methods, like regression analysis and ANOVA, to analyze the impact of these factors. The model results were validated with confirmatory experiments. The results from the study showed that PH and salinity have the highest and lowest influence, respectively, on the Abalone growth with SGR at 2.20%/day (8.5PH, 40ppt salinity, 20℃) and 0.72%/day (8.84PH, 35 ppt salinity, 15℃). Ditto AGR with the highest and lowest value at 4.42g/day and 1.87g/day, respectively, under the same experimental settings. The optimal values of the factors were obtained at PH, salinity, and temperature of 8.18, 31.29 ppt, and 13.62℃, respectively, which yielded 0.88%/day SGR and 2.16g/day AGR. The developed models can therefore be used for an accurate forecast of the AGR and SGR of Abalone under different environmental settings.

The study investigates the concentration of chemical elements in biological tissues (placenta and blood) of women from the Akmola region, Kazakhstan to assess the impact of environmental pollution on maternal and newborn health. The research conducted from 2018 to 2021 involved 67 placental and umbilical cord blood samples collected from women in four Akmola districts. The study utilized instrumental neutron activation analysis and electronic microscopy to determine the concentration of 28 chemical elements. Statistical methods were applied to analyze the distribution, including the mean values, standard deviations, and frequency distribution curves. Significant variability in chemical element concentrations was observed across samples, with notable differences in rare earth elements and heavy metals. Elements such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and chromium (Cr) displayed high variation. The study identified a strong environmental influence on the accumulation of toxic elements in the placenta and blood. The accumulation of chemical elements in biological tissues was heterogeneous, influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Blood was found to be more sensitive to environmental contamination compared to the placenta, indicating the need for enhanced environmental health monitoring in the region.

The textile industry is recognized as one of the most environmentally impactful sectors, confronting significant ecological challenges such as elevated carbon emissions, chemical pollution, and extensive waste generation. Shifting toward a circular economy offers promising solutions to minimize waste and improve resource efficiency. This study presents a systematic review of 273 scientific publications (2009-2024) on circular economy issues in textiles. Adopting both quantitative and qualitative (content) analyses, we sourced articles from Scopus and identified leading authors, key journals, and regional distributions of research. Our findings categorize prevailing methodologies (modeling, case studies, conceptual frameworks), levels of analysis (micro, meso, macro), circular economy business models, and emerging trends. A deeper investigation into the 25 most cited articles highlights dominant themes—particularly the social dimensions of sustainability and technological advancements in textile waste recycling. These results suggest that implementing circular economy principles is foundational for sustainably transforming the textile industry, promoting global collaboration, and fostering innovative resource management strategies.

Modern architecture has begun to prioritize sustainability and efficiency, focusing on the relationship between built spaces and their socio-environmental impact. This study analyzes the social impact of innovative eco-efficiency measures implemented in architectural projects with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. The methodology includes an analysis of three emblematic projects: Melbourne Council House 2, One Angel Square, and Tower Pearl River, evaluating their eco-efficient strategies through technical documentation. The results show that the early integration of eco-efficiency strategies is essential to reducing environmental impact and ensuring sustainability. Therefore, this project stands out for its innovative use of renewable energy and sustainable materials, demonstrating how eco-efficiency in architecture can mitigate the environmental footprint and improve the quality of life of occupants. Furthermore, sustainable construction practices contribute to the reduction of hazardous waste and limit exposure to toxins, which improves air quality and promotes the well-being of citizens. In conclusion, eco-efficient architecture not only benefits the environment, but also creates healthier, modern, and more resilient urban spaces committed to sustainable development, thus addressing global environmental challenges.

Green areas are considered a major factor in purifying the city’s atmosphere from pollution resulting from the joint use of different lands to improve the city environment. This research aims to study green areas in the center of Al- Samawah city for the period from 2004 to 2022, and to explain the real conditions and developments as far as areal recession and expansion are concerned, due to its importance and its reflection on people’s lives in terms of environmental, neighborhood and overall impact. The study covered different areas and is located partly on the Euphrates River passing through the center of Al-Samawah to identify green spaces and abandoned spaces based on satellite image data of Landsat-5 TM2000, Landsat-7 ETM, and Landsat-8OLV 2015. Images were analyzed using remote sensing programs such as Arc Map and ERDAS. The analysis results showed that the annual rate of vegetation cover deteriorated during the period from 2004 to 2012 by a percentage of around 12.2%. The yearly rate of vegetation cover decrease was 13.8% from 2004 to 2022. While, NDVI value amounted to 50.02% in 2004, to 38% in 2014, then continued to deteriorate until it reached 36.7% in 2022 to all district areas. Finally, the article explains the absence of an important impact in rural regions, highlighting the necessity of the article to assist decision-makers in developing the essential solutions for protecting green spaces around city centers from urban development and reconsidering urban sustainability.

This research focused on assessing groundwater quality in the Alton Kopri, Kirkuk Province, northern Iraq. Twenty-two samples were selected from twenty-two wells randomly distributed in the study area to assess the subsurface water for drinking purposes. The samples were analyzed for parameters (pH, T.D.S, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, HCO₃^-, and Cl^-) to compute Water Quality Index (WQI). Pearson's correlation and principal components analysis (PCA) were adopted to study the physicochemical parameters sources in groundwater. The dominant cations were ordered as follows: Na > Ca > Mg > K, and the dominant anions were arranged as follows: SO₃ > Cl > HCO₃ > NO₃. The average concentrations of TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, SO₄, and Cl were 1118.45, 173.54, 132.59, 341.36, 873.63, and 414.50, respectively, surpassing the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. The average concentrations of K, NO₃, HCO₃, and pH were 5.90, 35.02, 172, and, 8.05 respectively, and were within acceptable limits. The WQI ranged from 33.3 to 1024. The findings designated that 23% of the samples were categorized as excellent, 27% as good, 18% as poor, 14% as very poor, and 18% as inappropriate for drinking purposes. The Pearson correlation matrix has been created and analyzed to appraise the important factors impacting groundwater quality. The PCA technique was adopted to analyze water quality parameters, resulting in the extraction of three components that together account for 81.574% of the total variance. The extracted components suggest that the predominant contributors to groundwater contamination include geological characteristics, agricultural practices, precipitation, domestic wastewater, and manufacturing activities. This study stands out from others due to various local factors that impact groundwater quality in the Alton Kopri area. Agricultural practices, including fertilizer and pesticide use, lead to chemical seepage into the aquifer, while pastoral activities contribute organic contaminants. Insufficient sewage infrastructure in some areas results in wastewater infiltration. The region’s geology, dominated by limestone and clay, affects groundwater hardness and heavy metal levels. Additionally, the Little Zab River, which recharges groundwater, can transport pollutants during floods. Minor industrial activities may also introduce trace metals and oils. Understanding these influences is key to interpreting water quality variations and informing sustainable management strategies.

The environmental impact of pollution varies based on several conditions, most importantly the number of pollutants released directly into the environment. This research aims to determine the probable levels of pollution and characterize measurements outcomes with GIS techniques, shedding light on spatial correlation and comparing concentrations of heavy metals in different areas of the Haditha refinery in Iraq's Anbar Governorate. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and vanadium) were measured in soil samples collected at a depth of 30 cm from different locations near the new energy refinery in Ramadi city, as well as measuring the accumulation of these elements in the Cynodon dactylon plant in the region. Results: The results pointed out that elemental ratios (V: 0.475, Cd: 2.625, Pb: 0.629) for soil samples and (V: 0.759, Cd: 3.65, Pb: 0.875) for C. dactylon with the record-breaking increase of vanadium concentration in all samples. Conclusion: Spatial analysis revealed that soil in the research area was non-contaminated with the subject elements according to the Iraqi standard as well as the world concentration scale of the heavy elements.

PT Supreme Energy is a company engaged in developing geothermal energy to produce electricity. In the operation of Geothermal Power Plants (GPP), water vapor is extracted from the bowels of the earth, then the steam is condensed into water. When the condensate produced by GPP is not reinjected, the water has the potential to produce pollutants. One method of processing pollutants is the phytoremediation technique, which uses aquatic plants with the construction of constructed wetlands. This research aims to test the effectiveness, adaptability, and removal ability of aquatic plants to reduce condensate water pollutants. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 1 (level) of treatment. The treatment consisted of 10 types of aquatic plant seedlings. The research results showed that 9 types of plants had a survival rate above 100%, namely H. coronarium J. Koenig), T. angustifolia, I. formosana, T. dealbata, A. calamus, J. effusus, P. umbrela, C. papyrus, D. bicolor, while N. alba had a survival rate of 76%. Removal values for the parameters Fe, Cu, Co, Bo, pH, BOD, COD, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and TSS show varying results for each cell/plant. Specifically for Co metal, the removal value is 0 in each cell. The highest removal was found in Cell 2 (treatment of H. coronarium and T. angustifolia plants) with Fe metal removal values (41.07%), pH (3.97%), ammonia (16.25%), nitrate (33.11%) and TSS values (33.78%). Removal of metals, Cu (16.67%) and Bo (19.11%), COD (56.65%), and nitrite (0.05%) were found in Cell 5 (treatment of P. umbrella and C. papyrus plants). So, H. coronarium, T. angustifolia, P. umbrella and C. papyrus can be used as phytoremediation plants to reduce pollutants, especially pollutants in condensate.

This paper examines the obstacles to implementing Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) procedures in manufacturing enterprises in emerging economies, highlighting their importance for sustainable development. The study reveals significant barriers, including inadequate institutional support, fragile regulatory frameworks, and resistance stemming from conventional organizational cultures. It emphasizes the necessity of improving environmental awareness among stakeholders to enable the incorporation of EMA practices. This study utilizes a qualitative technique based on an extensive literature analysis to create a conceptual framework that identifies the various obstacles to EMA implementation, including regulatory inconsistencies, insufficient managerial commitment, and operational inefficiencies. The results indicate that effective implementation of EMA can enhance environmental performance and financial results, promoting collaboration among government, companies, and educational institutions to foster a culture of sustainability. The research concludes with recommendations for future studies, emphasizing the need for quantitative methods to further investigate the correlation between EMA implementation challenges and organizational performance metrics, thus enhancing the broader discussion on sustainable manufacturing practices.

Beyond the conventional five-capital sustainable livelihood framework, this research reveals the significance of philosophical capital—systems of values, local wisdom, and cultural practices—as a crucial dimension in the sustainability of small-scale polyculture fish farmers in Medan City, Indonesia. Through a survey of 89 fish farmers in Medan Labuhan and Medan Belawan Districts, this study develops and validates philosophical capital measurement instruments and analyzes their contribution to livelihood system sustainability through linear and non-linear approaches. Results show that the farmers' livelihood system falls into the "quite sustainable" category (SLCI = 0.571). Social capital emerges as the dominant component (index 0.6067), while philosophical capital (index 0.5290) contributes significantly by integrating traditional values into cultivation practices. Non-linear threshold effects analysis identified significant thresholds for natural capital (0.48), philosophical capital (0.51), and social capital (0.58), revealing how these capitals contribute to sustainability through different critical points. Comparative validation confirms that philosophical capital possesses strong psychometric properties (α = 0.87, AVE = 0.64) with the highest correlation to social capital (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). This research contributes to developing a more holistic sustainable livelihood analysis framework by identifying philosophical capital as a "meta-capital" that influences how other capitals are accessed and maintained. The implications include the importance of an integrative approach to policy development that accommodates local cultural values and dimensions as the foundation for resilience in small-scale polyculture fish farming livelihood systems.

The increasing demand for pulp as a raw material for tissue towel manufacturing has significant environmental consequences, particularly due to its reliance on wood. Waste from the pulping process contains hazardous compounds, such as lignin and chlorine, which cause riverbed sedimentation, odor, and pollution. These issues align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 12, which emphasizes responsible consumption and production to minimize waste and its impacts. This research explores the use of coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.), a sustainable alternative to wood, in tissue towel production. The organosolv process, employing organic solvents like ethanol (50%, 60%,70%) and cooking time (90 min, 120 min), offers an eco-friendly pulping method by eliminating sulfur and enabling black liquor recyclability. Experimental results revealed that increasing ethanol concentration and cooking duration reduced lignin and moisture content while enhancing cellulose yield. The optimal treatment involved a 60% ethanol solution and a 90-minute cooking time, producing tissue with 81.09% cellulose, 24.98% lignin, and desirable physical properties. This study supports SDGs by advancing green technology, promoting a circular economy, and fostering sustainable, environmentally friendly tissue towels.

Climate change adaptation is a key component of government policy. Because climate change has had a wide-ranging impact in various countries and threatens the community's food security system, health, including the quality of nutrition and child development, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Climate change threatens the production system and food availability of the community, worsening access to quality nutrition. In addition, climate change impacts stunting policies by affecting children's nutritional status and creating vulnerabilities in the food system. Therefore, stunting prevention requires not only specific and sensitive nutrition interventions but also adaptation to climate change. This study aims to analyze climate change adaptation in stunting prevention in Pesisir Selatan Regency and to reconnect climate change adaptation policies with stunting prevention. This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the reconnection of climate change adaptation policies and stunting prevention. The main contributors to this study are stakeholders, including representatives of local governments, health practitioners, the environment, and affected local communities. Secondary data were collected from policy documents, official reports, and related literature. The results of the study indicate that stunting prevention policies have not fully included climate change adaptation issues in applicable policies, which can increase the vulnerability of household food security. Pesisir Selatan Regency has a high prevalence of stunting in West Sumatra. The conclusion of this study shows that reconnecting climate change adaptation into stunting prevention policies, including food security, clean water availability, and environmental quality, is essential to achieve more effective and sustainable results. Reconnecting policies through this integration can strengthen the synergy between the two policies and increase the effectiveness of stunting prevention programs in dealing with the impacts of climate change.

Adaptive governance makes it possible to have a collaborative and flexible approach to resolve intricate environmental problems. This systematic literature review (SLR) was intended to understand some aspects of the framework such as its concepts, methodology, policy dimensions, and its contribution to resilience and sustainability. This SLR utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to analyze 19 selected high-quality papers from the Scopus database to identify principal trends, challenges, and research deficiencies. The findings suggest that adaptive governance is practiced in diverse settings, such as water resource management, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation, using polycentric and co-management approaches. Institutional rigidity, environmental uncertainty, and deficiencies of long-term evaluation systems still prevail. While cooperation is promoted multilevel governance still requires the involvement of conservative institutions and extensive use of digital technologies. Inclusionary policies and defined evaluation criteria are means through which effectiveness is facilitated, hence strengthening adaptive governance. The practical recommendations in this assessment will help policymakers and practitioners implement an environmental governance strategy that increases the resilience of environmental management.

The overall task of this study is to determine an efficient control strategy and optimize the operation of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) plant for treating the domestic wastewater of Al-Nasiriya City. During this research, a pilot-scale SBR unit was constructed to treat real domestic wastewater. The constructed SBR unit comprised: a collection tank of (250 L); an SBR reactor of (150 L); mixing and aeration units, PVC pipes, an Air flowmeter, influent pumps, effluent pumps, a programmable control panel (PCP), and other accessories. The raw wastewater characteristics of COD, TKN, NH4-N, and NO3-N ranged between230-627mg/l, 29-55mg/l, 19-36mg/l, and 0.14-0.57 mg/l, respectively. The results showed that the SBR system can be successfully used for treating domestic wastewater of Al-Nasiriya city and achieving high removal rates for pollutants which were 83%, 86%, and 66% for COD, NH4-N, and TN, respectively, and the effluent matching with the Iraqi standard limitations for the effluent of WWTP. The results showed that the optimal scenario is three steps of Anoxic/Oxic/Anoxic. The reaction phase is achieved in 2/6/1 hr for Anoxic/Oxic/Anoxic conditions respectively, and a sludge age of 10 days to achieve an optimum removal rate for COD and TN components.