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[1] Rossatto, A., Arlindo, M.Z.F., de Morais, M.S., de Souza, T.D., Ogrodowski, C.S. (2023). Microplastics in aquatic systems: A review of occurrence, monitoring and potential environmental risks. Environmental Advances, 13: 100396. [Crossref]
[2] Nihei, Y., Yoshida, T., Kataoka, T., Ogata, R. (2020). High-resolution mapping of Japanese microplastic and macroplastic emissions from the land into the sea. Water, 12(4): 951. [Crossref]
[3] Salsabila, A.S., Basyaiban, M.K. (2022). Pencemaran Sungai Musi dan upaya penanganannya di Sumatera Selatan tahun 2007-2021. Environmental Pollution Journal, 2(3): 459-473. [Crossref]
[4] Arora, V., Tanwer, N., Khosla, B., Laura, J.S. (2024). Distribution of plastic debris and associated contaminants in Indian river ecosystem and their ecological implications. In River Basin Ecohydrology in The Indian Sub-Continent. Elsevier, pp. 183-205. [Crossref]
[5] Pourebrahimi, S., Pirooz, M. (2023). Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 10: 100327. [Crossref]
[6] Matavos-Aramyan, S. (2024). Addressing the microplastic crisis: A multifaceted approach to removal and regulation. Environmental Advances, 17: 100579. [Crossref]
[7] Jia, T., Kapelan, Z., de Vries, R., Vriend, P., Peereboom, E.C., Okkerman, I., Taormina, R. (2023). Deep learning for detecting macroplastic litter in water bodies: A review. Water Research, 231: 119632. [Crossref]
[8] Liro, M., Emmerik, T.V., Wyżga, B., Liro, J., Mikuś, P. (2020). Macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. Water, 12(7): 2055. [Crossref]
[9] Van Emmerik, T., Mellink, Y., Hauk, R., Waldschläger, K., Schreyers, L. (2022). Rivers as plastic reservoirs. Frontiers in Water, 3: 786936. [Crossref]
[10] Leslie, H.A., Van Velzen, M.J., Brandsma, S.H., Vethaak, A.D., Garcia-Vallejo, J.J., Lamoree, M.H. (2022). Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environment International, 163: 107199. [Crossref]
[11] Septiani, B.A., Arianie, D.M., Risman, V.F.A.A., Handayani, W., Kawuryan, I.S.S. (2019). Pengelolaan Sampah plastik di Salatiga: Praktik dan tantangan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(1): 90-99. [Crossref]
[12] Isra, M., Syntia, R., Harmin, A., Wiratama, A.P., Sari, C.F.K. (2024). Compressive strength analysis of composite blocks made from glass powder and plastic waste. Jurutera-Jurnal Umum Teknik Terapan, 11(01): 58-62. [Crossref]
[13] Jeyasanta, K.I., Sathish, N., Patterson, J., Edward, J.P. (2020). Macro-, meso-and microplastic debris in the beaches of Tuticorin district, southeast coast of India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154: 111055. [Crossref]
[14] Mihai, F.C., Gündoğdu, S., Markley, L.A., Olivelli, A., et al. (2021). Plastic pollution, waste management issues, and circular economy opportunities in rural communities. Sustainability, 14(1): 20. [Crossref]
[15] Liro, M., Zielonka, A., van Emmerik, T.H. (2023). Macroplastic fragmentation in rivers. Environment International, 180: 108186. [Crossref]
[16] Ntajal, J., Höllermann, B., Falkenberg, T., Kistemann, T., Evers, M. (2022). Water and health nexus-Land use dynamics, flooding, and water-borne diseases in the Odaw River basin, Ghana. Water, 14(3): 461. [Crossref]
[17] Pinto, R.B., Bogerd, L., van der Ploeg, M., Duah, K., Uijlenhoet, R., van Emmerik, T.H. (2024). Catchment scale assessment of macroplastic pollution in the Odaw river, Ghana. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 198: 115813. [Crossref]
[18] Shah, M.N.M., Ahmad, F., Abdullah, M.S., Musa, M.K., Abidin, N.I., Harun, H., Hamid, N.H.A., Awang, M., Rahman, M.A.A., Hamidon, N., Yusop, F.M., Mustafa, M.S.S., Kamil, N.A., Lee, T.Y. (2021). Design and development of trash trap of stream for mini hydro. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46: 2105-2111. [Crossref]
[19] Meenal, M., Patel, K., Patil, A. (2021). Cleaning of water bodies using coastal sea bin (CSB). MethodsX, 8: 101469. [Crossref]
[20] Hurley, R., Braaten, H.F.V., Nizzetto, L., Steindal, E.H., Lin, Y., Clayer, F., van Emmerik, T., Buenaventura, N.T., Eidsvoll, D.P., Økelsrud, A., nus Norling, M., Adam, H.N., Olsen, M. (2023). Measuring riverine macroplastic: Methods, harmonisation, and quality control. Water Research, 235: 119902. [Crossref]
[21] Blettler, M.C., Agustini, E., Abrial, E., Piacentini, R., Garello, N., Wantzen, K.M., Vega, M.G., Espinola, L.A. (2023). The challenge of reducing macroplastic pollution: Testing the effectiveness of a river boom under real environmental conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 870: 161941. [Crossref]
[22] Liro, M., van Emmerik, T.H., Zielonka, A., Gallitelli, L., Mihai, F.C. (2023). The unknown fate of macroplastic in mountain rivers. Science of the Total Environment, 865: 161224. [Crossref]
[23] Crosti, R., Arcangeli, A., Campana, I., Paraboschi, M., González-Fernández, D. (2018). ‘Down to the river’: Amount, composition, and economic sector of litter entering the marine compartment, through the Tiber river in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 29(4): 859-866. [Crossref]
[24] Gallitelli, L., Cesarini, G., Cera, A., Sighicelli, M., Lecce, F., Menegoni, P., Scalici, M. (2020). Transport and deposition of microplastics and mesoplastics along the river course: A case study of a small river in central Italy. Hydrology, 7(4): 90. [Crossref]
[25] González-Fernández, D., Cózar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., et al. (2021). Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nature Sustainability, 4(6): 474-483. [Crossref]
[26] Palmas, F., Cau, A., Podda, C., Musu, A., Serra, M., Pusceddu, A., Sabatini, A. (2022). Rivers of waste: Anthropogenic litter in intermittent Sardinian rivers, Italy (Central Mediterranean). Environmental Pollution, 302: 119073. [Crossref]
[27] Cesarini, G., Crosti, R., Secco, S., Gallitelli, L., Scalici, M. (2023). From city to sea: Spatiotemporal dynamics of floating macrolitter in the Tiber River. Science of The Total Environment, 857: 159713. [Crossref]
[28] van Emmerik, T., Strady, E., Kieu-Le, T.C., Nguyen, L., Gratiot, N. (2019). Seasonality of riverine macroplastic transport. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 13549. [Crossref]
[29] Sumarmi, S., Masruroh, H., Anggara, A., Amin, S. (2022). Sapu Bumi Segoro (SABURO) gerakan peduli sampah menuju laut bersih berkelanjutan di Dusun Sendang Biru Kabupaten Malang. Dinamika Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 1(3): 209-222. [Crossref]
[30] Nizzetto, L., Bussi, G., Futter, M.N., Butterfield, D., Whitehead, P.G. (2016). A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(8): 1050-1059. [Crossref]
[31] Lebreton, L.C., Van Der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J.W., Slat, B., Andrady, A., Reisser, J. (2017). River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nature Communications, 8(1): 15611. [Crossref]
[32] Meijer, L.J., Van Emmerik, T., Van Der Ent, R., Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L. (2021). More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Science Advances, 7(18): eaaz5803. [Crossref]
[33] Schmidt, C., Krauth, T., Wagner, S. (2017). Export of plastic debris by rivers into the sea. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(21): 12246-12253. [Crossref]
[34] Wang, T., Li, B., Shi, H., Ding, Y., Chen, H., Yuan, F., Liu, R., Zou, X. (2024). The processes and transport fluxes of land-based macroplastics and microplastics entering the ocean via rivers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 466: 133623. [Crossref]
[35] Sumarmi, Putra, A.K., Sahrina, A., Kohar, U.H.A., Shaherani, N., Lestari, H.D., Sholeha, A.W., Rachmadian, R.H., Wibowo, N.A., Silviariza, W.Y. (2024). Implementing the OBE model in plastic waste management using the 4R EPR pattern for green campus. International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 7(3): 455-473. [Crossref]
[36] Handoyo, B., Astina, I.K., Mkumbachi, R.L. (2021). Students’ environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour: Preliminary study of geography students at State University of Malang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 683(1): 012049. [Crossref]
[37] Mkumbachi, R.L., Astina, I.K., Handoyo, B. (2024). Environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior: A case of university students in Malang city. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi, 25(2): 6. [Crossref]
[38] Hakiki, A.R.R., Sumarmi, S., Bachri, S., Mkumbachi, R.L. (2023). Pengembangan media pembelajaran progressive web app berbasis environmental learning untuk meningkatkan ecoliteracy Siswa. J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial), 10(1): 1-20. [Crossref]
[39] Septiani, B.A., Arianie, D.M., Risman, V.F.A.A., Handayani, W., Kawuryan, I.S.S. (2019). Pengelolaan Sampah plastik di Salatiga: Praktik dan tantangan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(1): 90-99. [Crossref]
[40] Arini, A.C., Sumarmi, S., Utaya, S. (2024). Kebutuhan modul pembelajaran lingkungan gambut berbasis kearifan lokal untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap peduli lingkungan. GEOGRAPHY: Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 12(2): 728-739. [Crossref]
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Open Access
Research article

Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City

mega kusuma putri1,2*,
sugeng utaya3,
sumarmi sumarmi3,
syamsul bachri3
1
Student Doctoral Geography Department, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2
Geography Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Palembang, Palembang 30116, Indonesia
3
Geography Department, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
International Journal of Environmental Impacts
|
Volume 8, Issue 3, 2025
|
Pages 435-443
Received: 01-19-2025,
Revised: 03-05-2025,
Accepted: 03-24-2025,
Available online: 06-29-2025
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

The Musi River in Palembang City plays an important role in meeting human needs, such as food, drink, and clean water. The high level of activity of the community around the river has led to an increase in macroplastic (MP) waste pollution. This study aims to (1) determine the condition of macroplastic waste pollution in the Musi River; (2) determine sustainable macroplastic waste management strategies; and (3) sustainable plastic waste reduction participation. The method uses a qualitative description of semi-structured interviews. Data collection used documentation and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive to describe the current condition and analysed using SWOT. The research results showed that the source of macroplastic waste pollution came from community activities such as domestic activities, industry, markets and tourism. The strategy for capturing macroplastic waste involved placing waste containment devices (trash booms and waste containment fences) in the streams of densely populated tributaries. To reduce the amount of macroplastic waste entering the environment, all parties, including the government, the community, and non-governmental organisations, must participate and work together. The implication of this research is that preventing macroplastic waste from entering the sea and effective management can reduce the threat to shrinking endemic river populations.

Keywords: Macroplastic, River, Catch the rubbish, Strategy

1. Introduction

2. Methods

3. Results and Discussion

4. Conclusions

Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the source of macroplastic waste pollution in the Musi River in Palembang City comes from community activities such as domestic, industrial, market and tourism activities. The strategy for capturing macroplastic waste involves placing waste containment devices in densely populated tributaries. Waste capture devices such as trash booms in streams and waste retaining fences are located downstream. To reduce the amount of macroplastic waste entering the environment, all parties, including the government, the community, and non-governmental organisations, must participate and work together. The implication of this research is that preventing macroplastic waste from entering the sea and effective management can reduce the threat to shrinking river endemic populations.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology through the State University of Malang, Indonesia, for providing funding for this research with contract number 11.6.130/UN32.14.1/LT/2024.

References
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[2] Nihei, Y., Yoshida, T., Kataoka, T., Ogata, R. (2020). High-resolution mapping of Japanese microplastic and macroplastic emissions from the land into the sea. Water, 12(4): 951. [Crossref]
[3] Salsabila, A.S., Basyaiban, M.K. (2022). Pencemaran Sungai Musi dan upaya penanganannya di Sumatera Selatan tahun 2007-2021. Environmental Pollution Journal, 2(3): 459-473. [Crossref]
[4] Arora, V., Tanwer, N., Khosla, B., Laura, J.S. (2024). Distribution of plastic debris and associated contaminants in Indian river ecosystem and their ecological implications. In River Basin Ecohydrology in The Indian Sub-Continent. Elsevier, pp. 183-205. [Crossref]
[5] Pourebrahimi, S., Pirooz, M. (2023). Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 10: 100327. [Crossref]
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[7] Jia, T., Kapelan, Z., de Vries, R., Vriend, P., Peereboom, E.C., Okkerman, I., Taormina, R. (2023). Deep learning for detecting macroplastic litter in water bodies: A review. Water Research, 231: 119632. [Crossref]
[8] Liro, M., Emmerik, T.V., Wyżga, B., Liro, J., Mikuś, P. (2020). Macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. Water, 12(7): 2055. [Crossref]
[9] Van Emmerik, T., Mellink, Y., Hauk, R., Waldschläger, K., Schreyers, L. (2022). Rivers as plastic reservoirs. Frontiers in Water, 3: 786936. [Crossref]
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[11] Septiani, B.A., Arianie, D.M., Risman, V.F.A.A., Handayani, W., Kawuryan, I.S.S. (2019). Pengelolaan Sampah plastik di Salatiga: Praktik dan tantangan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(1): 90-99. [Crossref]
[12] Isra, M., Syntia, R., Harmin, A., Wiratama, A.P., Sari, C.F.K. (2024). Compressive strength analysis of composite blocks made from glass powder and plastic waste. Jurutera-Jurnal Umum Teknik Terapan, 11(01): 58-62. [Crossref]
[13] Jeyasanta, K.I., Sathish, N., Patterson, J., Edward, J.P. (2020). Macro-, meso-and microplastic debris in the beaches of Tuticorin district, southeast coast of India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154: 111055. [Crossref]
[14] Mihai, F.C., Gündoğdu, S., Markley, L.A., Olivelli, A., et al. (2021). Plastic pollution, waste management issues, and circular economy opportunities in rural communities. Sustainability, 14(1): 20. [Crossref]
[15] Liro, M., Zielonka, A., van Emmerik, T.H. (2023). Macroplastic fragmentation in rivers. Environment International, 180: 108186. [Crossref]
[16] Ntajal, J., Höllermann, B., Falkenberg, T., Kistemann, T., Evers, M. (2022). Water and health nexus-Land use dynamics, flooding, and water-borne diseases in the Odaw River basin, Ghana. Water, 14(3): 461. [Crossref]
[17] Pinto, R.B., Bogerd, L., van der Ploeg, M., Duah, K., Uijlenhoet, R., van Emmerik, T.H. (2024). Catchment scale assessment of macroplastic pollution in the Odaw river, Ghana. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 198: 115813. [Crossref]
[18] Shah, M.N.M., Ahmad, F., Abdullah, M.S., Musa, M.K., Abidin, N.I., Harun, H., Hamid, N.H.A., Awang, M., Rahman, M.A.A., Hamidon, N., Yusop, F.M., Mustafa, M.S.S., Kamil, N.A., Lee, T.Y. (2021). Design and development of trash trap of stream for mini hydro. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46: 2105-2111. [Crossref]
[19] Meenal, M., Patel, K., Patil, A. (2021). Cleaning of water bodies using coastal sea bin (CSB). MethodsX, 8: 101469. [Crossref]
[20] Hurley, R., Braaten, H.F.V., Nizzetto, L., Steindal, E.H., Lin, Y., Clayer, F., van Emmerik, T., Buenaventura, N.T., Eidsvoll, D.P., Økelsrud, A., nus Norling, M., Adam, H.N., Olsen, M. (2023). Measuring riverine macroplastic: Methods, harmonisation, and quality control. Water Research, 235: 119902. [Crossref]
[21] Blettler, M.C., Agustini, E., Abrial, E., Piacentini, R., Garello, N., Wantzen, K.M., Vega, M.G., Espinola, L.A. (2023). The challenge of reducing macroplastic pollution: Testing the effectiveness of a river boom under real environmental conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 870: 161941. [Crossref]
[22] Liro, M., van Emmerik, T.H., Zielonka, A., Gallitelli, L., Mihai, F.C. (2023). The unknown fate of macroplastic in mountain rivers. Science of the Total Environment, 865: 161224. [Crossref]
[23] Crosti, R., Arcangeli, A., Campana, I., Paraboschi, M., González-Fernández, D. (2018). ‘Down to the river’: Amount, composition, and economic sector of litter entering the marine compartment, through the Tiber river in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 29(4): 859-866. [Crossref]
[24] Gallitelli, L., Cesarini, G., Cera, A., Sighicelli, M., Lecce, F., Menegoni, P., Scalici, M. (2020). Transport and deposition of microplastics and mesoplastics along the river course: A case study of a small river in central Italy. Hydrology, 7(4): 90. [Crossref]
[25] González-Fernández, D., Cózar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., et al. (2021). Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nature Sustainability, 4(6): 474-483. [Crossref]
[26] Palmas, F., Cau, A., Podda, C., Musu, A., Serra, M., Pusceddu, A., Sabatini, A. (2022). Rivers of waste: Anthropogenic litter in intermittent Sardinian rivers, Italy (Central Mediterranean). Environmental Pollution, 302: 119073. [Crossref]
[27] Cesarini, G., Crosti, R., Secco, S., Gallitelli, L., Scalici, M. (2023). From city to sea: Spatiotemporal dynamics of floating macrolitter in the Tiber River. Science of The Total Environment, 857: 159713. [Crossref]
[28] van Emmerik, T., Strady, E., Kieu-Le, T.C., Nguyen, L., Gratiot, N. (2019). Seasonality of riverine macroplastic transport. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 13549. [Crossref]
[29] Sumarmi, S., Masruroh, H., Anggara, A., Amin, S. (2022). Sapu Bumi Segoro (SABURO) gerakan peduli sampah menuju laut bersih berkelanjutan di Dusun Sendang Biru Kabupaten Malang. Dinamika Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 1(3): 209-222. [Crossref]
[30] Nizzetto, L., Bussi, G., Futter, M.N., Butterfield, D., Whitehead, P.G. (2016). A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(8): 1050-1059. [Crossref]
[31] Lebreton, L.C., Van Der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J.W., Slat, B., Andrady, A., Reisser, J. (2017). River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nature Communications, 8(1): 15611. [Crossref]
[32] Meijer, L.J., Van Emmerik, T., Van Der Ent, R., Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L. (2021). More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Science Advances, 7(18): eaaz5803. [Crossref]
[33] Schmidt, C., Krauth, T., Wagner, S. (2017). Export of plastic debris by rivers into the sea. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(21): 12246-12253. [Crossref]
[34] Wang, T., Li, B., Shi, H., Ding, Y., Chen, H., Yuan, F., Liu, R., Zou, X. (2024). The processes and transport fluxes of land-based macroplastics and microplastics entering the ocean via rivers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 466: 133623. [Crossref]
[35] Sumarmi, Putra, A.K., Sahrina, A., Kohar, U.H.A., Shaherani, N., Lestari, H.D., Sholeha, A.W., Rachmadian, R.H., Wibowo, N.A., Silviariza, W.Y. (2024). Implementing the OBE model in plastic waste management using the 4R EPR pattern for green campus. International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 7(3): 455-473. [Crossref]
[36] Handoyo, B., Astina, I.K., Mkumbachi, R.L. (2021). Students’ environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour: Preliminary study of geography students at State University of Malang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 683(1): 012049. [Crossref]
[37] Mkumbachi, R.L., Astina, I.K., Handoyo, B. (2024). Environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior: A case of university students in Malang city. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi, 25(2): 6. [Crossref]
[38] Hakiki, A.R.R., Sumarmi, S., Bachri, S., Mkumbachi, R.L. (2023). Pengembangan media pembelajaran progressive web app berbasis environmental learning untuk meningkatkan ecoliteracy Siswa. J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial), 10(1): 1-20. [Crossref]
[39] Septiani, B.A., Arianie, D.M., Risman, V.F.A.A., Handayani, W., Kawuryan, I.S.S. (2019). Pengelolaan Sampah plastik di Salatiga: Praktik dan tantangan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(1): 90-99. [Crossref]
[40] Arini, A.C., Sumarmi, S., Utaya, S. (2024). Kebutuhan modul pembelajaran lingkungan gambut berbasis kearifan lokal untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap peduli lingkungan. GEOGRAPHY: Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 12(2): 728-739. [Crossref]
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Putri, M. K., Utaya, S., Sumarmi, S., & Bachri, S. (2025). Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City. Int. J. Environ. Impacts., 8(3), 435-443. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302
M. K. Putri, S. Utaya, S. Sumarmi, and S. Bachri, "Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City," Int. J. Environ. Impacts., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 435-443, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302
@research-article{Putri2025MacroplasticWM,
title={Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City},
author={Mega Kusuma Putri and Sugeng Utaya and Sumarmi Sumarmi and Syamsul Bachri},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Impacts},
year={2025},
page={435-443},
doi={https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302}
}
Mega Kusuma Putri, et al. "Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, v 8, pp 435-443. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302
Mega Kusuma Putri, Sugeng Utaya, Sumarmi Sumarmi and Syamsul Bachri. "Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 8, (2025): 435-443. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302
Putri M. K.， Utaya S.， Sumarmi S.， et al. Macroplastic Waste Management Strategies in Palembang City[J]. International Journal of Environmental Impacts， 2025， 8(3)： 435-443. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijei.080302