Workplace aggression poses persistent challenges to employee well-being and organizational functioning, particularly in industrial settings where employees face simultaneous task and emotional demands. However, limited evidence is available on whether emotional load changes the strength of the association between workload and different forms of workplace aggression. This study investigates the moderating role of emotional load in the relationships between workload and psychological and physical aggression. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 275 employees of an industrial firm in Iran. Workload, emotional load, and workplace aggression were measured using established scales. Self-reported and coworker-reported measures of workload and aggression were included. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were performed, with mean-centered interaction terms entered to test the proposed moderating relationships. The results showed that workload was positively correlated with psychological and physical aggression. Significant workload × emotional load interactions were found in the models predicting self-reported psychological and physical aggression (p < 0.01), whether workload was evaluated by employees or coworkers. These interaction terms explained an additional 1%–3% of the variance. However, the corresponding interactions were not consistently significant when aggression was rated by coworkers. The findings suggest that emotional load serves as a boundary condition in the relationship between workload and self-reported aggressive behavior, although this pattern is less consistent in coworker reports. The study clarifies how concurrent task and emotional demands are jointly associated with employee aggression and provides industrial managers with a basis for addressing emotional demands alongside workload when developing workplace aggression prevention measures.

Digital payment technologies are reshaping access to financial services in developing economies, yet rural women continue to face constraints related to connectivity, affordability, digital skills, and access to formal financial institutions. This study investigates the relationship between digital payment technology and financial inclusion among rural women in Makueni County, Kenya, with particular attention to accessibility, convenience, and participation in financial activities. A mixed-methods cross-sectional design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 372 rural women through questionnaires, while qualitative evidence was obtained from interviews with 30 digital financial service agents. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze the quantitative data, and interview responses were examined thematically. The results showed a high level of acceptance and use of digital payment services, with a mean ($M$) of 4.17 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.75, particularly in reducing the need to travel to banking institutions ($M$ = 4.31, SD = 0.65) and improving local access to financial services ($M$ = 4.28, SD = 0.71). Digital payment solutions were strongly associated with financial inclusion, with a Pearson correlation coefficient ($r$) of 0.731 and a probability value ($p$) of less than 0.01. In the regression model, which also included digital financing and digital advisory services, digital payment solutions showed the largest positive association with financial inclusion, with an unstandardized regression coefficient ($B$) of 0.382 ($p$ < 0.001), while the three predictors jointly explained 70.9%. The qualitative findings further identified network reliability, transaction costs, fraud concerns, and digital skills as practical conditions shaping the use of digital payment services. The findings indicate that digital payment technology is closely associated with rural women’s participation in formal financial systems, although the cross-sectional design does not permit causal inference. The study provides context-specific evidence on how accessible and usable digital financial technologies can support women’s financial participation and small-scale economic activity in rural communities, with implications for technology providers, financial institutions, and policymakers.