The complex interplay between fuelwood consumption, deforestation, and land-use transformation in the Dhankuta district of Nepal is scrutinized in this investigation, concurrently shedding light on the feasibility of securing carbon finance via REDD+ mechanisms. Data derived from household surveys and remote sensing ascertained fuelwood as the primary energy recourse for the majority of households, leading to substantial deforestation, forest degradation, and carbon emissions. In a surprising revelation, a 12.4% augmentation in forest cover was discerned over 21 years, attributable to outmigration and conversion of fallow agricultural lands into forests. The investigation established that households involved in agriculture, particularly those with lower income, demonstrated higher dependence on fuelwood, consequently contributing to forest degradation and deforestation that further resulted in the emission of greenhouse gases. Potential avenues for the district to secure carbon finance include the introduction of clean cookstoves, reducing dependency on fuelwood, and greening barren areas. For effective realization of this potential, it is crucial to formulate a benefit-sharing plan that ensures the provision of suitable incentives for forest-dependent communities that are also responsible for forest conservation. By adopting the result-based payment system of REDD+ and promoting sustainable forest management, the district can mitigate carbon emissions, advocate for forest restoration, and qualify for carbon payments.

Driven by the swift progression of next-generation information technologies, a notable escalation in the synergistic aggregation of productive services and manufacturing industries is recorded. Prior research has primarily concentrated on the implications of standalone industry aggregation. In the current study, the theoretical ramifications of industry synergy aggregation on green total factor productivity have been delineated, with the foundation laid upon Marshall's conceptualization of agglomeration externalities. To empirically validate these theoretical underpinnings, a panel threshold model has been utilized. The data set comprises 92 cities of prefecture-level and above from five significant urban agglomerations: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, and the Middle Yangtze River area, spanning a period of 2010 to 2019. Results unveil a $\backsim$-shaped association between industry synergy aggregation and green total factor productivity. The existence of both agglomeration economies and diseconomies is substantiated in the current phase of industry synergy aggregation. Employing labor force pools and shared intermediate inputs as threshold variables, the initial impact of industry synergy aggregation on green total factor productivity appears to be negative, but after crossing the first threshold, the impact becomes positive, only to revert to negative post traversing the second threshold. Alternatively, when knowledge spillover is taken as the threshold variable, the influence begins as negative, turns positive post the first threshold, and retains the positive influence beyond the second threshold, exhibiting a stronger promoting effect. The findings highlight the recommendation that industry development strategies ought not to be solely centered on the geographical congregation of productive services and manufacturing industries. Instead, a significant emphasis on exploiting the benefits of agglomeration externalities is advised. Specifically, for cities grappling with excessive industry synergy aggregation, strategies should prioritize facilitating industrial relocation as a means to temper the inhibitory effects of agglomeration diseconomies on green total factor productivity.

This study aims to examine the potential impact of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine on Romania's grain trade dynamics. Following the onset of the conflict, Ukraine has increasingly exported grain through Romania, potentially leading to an oversupply in the market and subsequent depression of prices within Romania and at its borders. To investigate this phenomenon, the volume and value of grain imports from Ukraine were analyzed and compared to previous years, alongside the price trends of major cereals in the region. Data on the volume of cereal imports from Ukraine and Romanian exports, sourced from international databases, were utilized in a quantitative analysis to evaluate the dynamics of imports in conjunction with the evolution of export prices for Romania. This investigation offers insights into the potential consequences of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict on Romania's grain trade and the broader implications for regional agricultural markets.

According to the objective of achieving "an intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth" in the European Union (EU) 2020 agenda, the information disclosure regarding sustainability of large companies mainly aims to contribute to the potential of the single market, thus creating sustainable development and employment levels. It is very important for companies to increase their transparency for interested parties, improve their risk management and provide better results. High transparency, including the diversity of management bodies, determines the trust growth of people in companies and markets, and allows more efficient capital distribution and the possibility of making a more realistic decision (e.g., by investors) according to available information. For current challenges, such as global warming, effects of the consumption society on environment, emphasis of disparities, worsening of environmental problems and urbanization of population, related replied have been made, representing that more efforts have been made for the transition towards a green model and for meeting the sustainable development objectives. Significant steps have been taken in this direction, but greater efforts should be made. The new economic system should rely on sustainable development, which is the solution to overcome current social, environmental and economic problems. Non-financial reporting is just a tool. In order to add value, companies should use the tool to contribute more, thus being closer to the global initiatives related to the green economy and building a sustainable society. Increase of these global trends has a significant impact on business environment, leading to measures taken immediately. Therefore, the true benefits of non-financial reporting will not be noticed unless entities change their focus from strict evaluation of financial performance to non-financial elements and integrate sustainability in their business model. Meanwhile, companies should focus on reporting the aspects, which are significant for them, the interested parties and the investors, and ensure that all these aspects are communicated to the management. Analysis of the non-financial information, presented by the active entities in the field of electrical energy production in Romania between 2017-2020, showed that only six companies met the legal requirements of non-financial information disclosure, which are state-owned companies with full or majority state capital and state-owned companies/societies.

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a quantitative analysis of the electricity production at the level of the European Union (EU) and in Romania, in the period of 2011-2020. To address the current environmental concerns, the package “Fit for 55” proposes that by 2050, most of the energy production will have to come from renewable sources, but the question is whether this desideratum can indeed be achieved. Among the methods used in scientific research, the quantitative analysis was selected and applied in this paper, in order to carry out a detailed statistical analysis on the trend of increase or decrease in the electricity production from different energy resources, and then comparative analysis was performed, so as to draw relevant conclusions in this respect. Through this study, it can be found that, at the level of the European Union, the electricity production from renewable energy resources is increasing, while that from solid fossil fuels is decreasing. In Romania, the same trend of increase and decrease can be observed, except on a smaller scale. Accordingly, the greatest increase in electricity production was recorded from renewable energy resources, for both the EU and Romania, while the biggest decrease in electricity production from fossil fuels. In order to address the decarbonization of the energy system in Romania, the hypothesis that the decrease in total electricity production is due to the decrease in electricity production from solid fossil fuels was tested. However, this hypothesis was only partially confirmed, since the production of electricity from other energy resources, apart from renewable resources and natural gas, also experienced a similar downward trend.

The Tourism Awareness Group is essential in waterfall management because they can develop sustainable tourism. This study aims to determine the role of the Tourism Awareness Group in managing the Way Kalam Waterfall at the Way Pisang Forest Management Unit, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Data were first collected through observation and interviews and then analyzed descriptively on planning, organizing, implementation, and monitoring. The results showed that the Tourism Awareness Group in Way Kalam Village had made short-, mid-, and long-term planning. In organizing, the group has made sure members have performed their respective duties. In actuating, activities are carried out correctly according to the plans. And in controlling, the work carried out by the Tourism Awareness Group is directly supervised by the village government. There needs to be motivation from relevant stakeholders so that Tourism Awareness Group can be more active.

China’s logistics industry has been flourishing in recent years, with the high carbon emissions caused thereby receiving widespread attention. In this paper, the emissions and intensity of embodied carbon in the logistics industry in China are calculated for 2012, 2015 and 2017, using the multiregional input-output model and the changing trend. Additionally, influences of the intensity of embodied carbon emissions in the logistics industry across 30 provinces of China are assessed using the structural decomposition analysis method. The results show that from 2012 to 2017, the emissions of embodied carbon in the logistics industry from 30 provinces increased, while the intensity of embodied carbon emissions mainly decreased. The changes in the embodied carbon emissions intensity of the logistics industry are mainly affected by the direct carbon emission coefficient and added value coefficient. The intermediate input structure technology and the total scale of the final demand play a slight role in promoting the intensity of the embodied carbon emissions in the logistics industry. The direct carbon emission coefficient plays a major role in restraining provinces with negative intensity of embodied carbon emissions and promoting provinces with positive embodied carbon emissions intensity. The added value coefficient plays a major role in promoting the intensity of embodied carbon emissions. Finally, based on the analysis results, this paper presents suggestions for reducing the embodied carbon emissions in the logistics industry in 30 Chinese provinces, which include adjusting measures to local conditions, increasing the proportion of clean energy and clean technology in the logistics industry, increasing investment in green technology research and development, and improving the green technology innovation. Currently, researches on the implicit carbon emissions of the logistics industry focus mainly on the national, regional, and inter-provincial levels, with relatively few studies on the implicit carbon emissions of the logistics industry in each province. However, understanding the differences in the implicit carbon emissions of the logistics industry in each province and their influencing factors is crucial for identifying key emission reduction factors and developing carbon-neutral and carbon-reduction policies at the provincial level, which is the contribution that this paper makes.

This study regards the reform of rural credit cooperatives into rural commercial banks as a “quasi-natural experiment.” Based on the panel data of 158 counties and districts from 2005 to 2019, it uses the progressive Differences-in-Differences (DID) to systematically evaluate the effect of the reform of rural credit cooperatives on county economic growth. The study finds that the reform of rural credit cooperatives has significantly promoted county economic growth, which is still valid after parallel trend tests, replacement of explained variables, and consideration of sample self-selection. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the reform of rural credit cooperatives can promote county economic growth more obviously in the samples of urban agglomeration, power-expanding counties, non-impoverished counties, and non-agricultural counties in Central Plains. The mechanism analysis finds that the reform of rural credit cooperatives can promote county economic growth through channels such as improving the level of financial development and optimizing the industrial structure. The conclusions of this study not only expand the understanding of existing references on the effect of rural credit cooperatives on county economic growth, but also provide important inspiration for the government to further deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and accelerate the pace of rural revitalization.

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of logistics customer service on sustainability-focused freight transport practices of enterprises. Additionally, the extended perspective of the key relation through the inclusion of the joint effect of selected organizational competencies of the companies and their competitiveness in interaction with logistics customer service was introduced. The adopted research procedure included the use of several different statistical methods with regard to data collected in 275 freight transport enterprises. First, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and the Bartlett Sphericity test were determined, then a factor analysis was carried out with the intention of performing a reliability analysis and discriminant validity assessment, and finally, correlations and hierarchical multiple regression were determined. The findings of the research suggest a primal concluding explication that sustainability-focused freight transport practices are conditioned by auxiliary logistics processes realized by the enterprise within logistics customer service, joint competencies within the organization’s management, as well as peripheral circumstances of competitiveness.

Environmental issues have remained one of the most challenging social-economic impacts on the world and most countries. Tackling these challenges has remained an underlying issue as a concise approach, method, and policy are yet to be globally made available. Machine learning (ML) with support from IoTs, big data, NLP, and cloud computing is radicalizing the development of a modern-day economy via human support systems. With technical devices, systems, and processes intricately oriented to human understanding. Little environmental needs have been developed to give humans a comfortable place. Even though sensors capture and satisfy human needs, global ecosystem barriers have weighed beyond. Following changes in the world today, automated restrictions and barriers have been seen limiting humans from enjoying opportunities offered by IoTs, big data, NLP, and cloud computing due to environmental impact. Machine learning with capabilities to help humans become more informed is insignificantly exploited on the environmental needs. To suggest an integrated system, method, and areas that IoTs, big data, NLP, and cloud computing should focus on to fight negative environmental impact as a major step to fight climate change. In the study, two research questions and a hypothesis were used. Daily data on emission accusations was collected and used to respond to research questions and hypotheses. In 30 minutes per day and within a month, 412 diesel cars emitted 54,384 g CO₂/km, 636 petrol cars emitted 76,320 g CO₂/km, and 157 LPG cars emitted 9,577 g CO₂/km. Predictions and forecasts were determined based on the data collected. Data accusations reveal they worsen the future impact as both hypotheses and research questions positively support findings that integration of sensors with machine learning can predict future climate situations. Improved gardens are needed, limit artificial items and diesel cars, and improved afforestation is needed in this city.

The natural resources that exist on this small island have the potential as a tourism destination. The purpose of this research is to be able to develop the potential of community-based tourism. The method used to collect data is observation and in-depth interviews with key figures, then the data is analyzed descriptively and analysis of component 4(A) namely attraction, accessibility, amenity, and ancillary of Tourist Attractions. The results identified are land use patterns, tourist attractions include beach tourism, mangrove tourism, underwater tourism (snorkelling), special interest tours for langurs, cycling tours (around the island), climbing tours, and religious tourism. Existing accessibility includes roads, boats, and piers. The amenities include places of worship, public toilets, food stalls, lodging, and snorkeling equipment rental services. Additional or ancillary facilities that exist are an information center located at the village office and a tour guide. The need for human resource training is also very much needed to shape community-based tourism to be much better.

The paper aims towards understanding the factors responsible for the adoption of green products by consumers in the Indian market. A well-structured survey questionnaire was developed and circulated to 327 participants. Various factors associated with the adoption of green products were taken into account. They were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The paper concludes that 61.2% of the respondents were willing to adopt green products and the 77.1% of the respondents are aware of green products and various benefits associated with them. An effort was made to understand the influence of green labelling on the adoption of green products by consumers. From the survey, it was inferred that green labelling is an important tool used by consumers for verifying and procuring green products. It was also found that factors like “concerns about the environment” and “recommendations from family and friends” significantly influence consumer's purchase decisions about green products.

When tourists choose their accommodation space, they tend to prefer areas with beautiful natural landscapes, or close to scenic spots, or those that have local styles. Based on existing research results of tourist accommodation space, some scholars proposed to design smaller spaces for tourist accommodation, however, in terms of the spatial correlation with tourism resources, relevant analysis is insufficient and needs to be supplemented. This paper studied the distribution characteristics and spatial correlation of tourist accommodation spaces based on environment information. At first, the paper analyzed the correlation between tourism resources and tourist accommodation spaces, gave the route of spatial correlation analysis, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of tourist accommodation spaces; then, this paper gave the determination process of optimal spatial distribution pattern of tourist accommodation spaces based on environment information, and adopted the kernel density estimation and the spatial attributes of tourist accommodation space points to study the spatial distribution characteristics. At last, combining with experiment, the distribution characteristics of the tourist accommodation spaces in the study area were given and analyzed.