With this paper the author forecasts the out-of-sample volatility of gold price changes in Turkey. Looking at the both the symmetric and the asymmetric evaluation criteria, GJR-GARCH model is the best fitted model for forecasting gold price volatility in Turkey. The GJR-GARCH model findings reveal a negative shock asymmetry for gold prices. Thus, it shows that positive news in the market affects the volatility of gold prices in the next period more than negative news.

The application of the law in terms of meaning is called interpretation. If there is doubt or conflict in determining the meaning of a legal rule or contract, or if there is a gap in the law, interpretation becomes inevitable. There are many methods of interpretation in general law. However, based on the principle of protecting the employee in labour law, the principle of "interpretation in favor of the employee ", which is a special form of interpretation, has emerged. In the study, the place and application of this method in individual labour law are discussed. While examining the principle of "interpretation in favor of the employee" examples from relevant judicial decisions are given. It is understood that the principle of interpretation in favor of the employee has turned into a settled form of interpretation with judicial decisions in labor law. In the study, it was revealed that there are factors and boundaries that should be considered while applying this interpretation method. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it is understood that the principle of interpretation in favor of the employee, which emerged as a result of the obligation to protect the employee who is weak against the employer, is widely applied in the courts. But, making decisions that disrupt the delicate balance between the employee and the employer by completely ignoring the general principles of the law will prevent the realization of the purpose expected from this method of interpretation. In the article, the factors that should be taken into consideration while applying the principle of "interpretation in favor of the employee" are also examined.

Telecommunications infrastructure is critical not only for domestic growth, but also for combining credit with international commodity and financial markets, such as the smooth flow of foreign investment, facilitating the positive value of net exports, and increasing the added value in the economy's GDP. In this study, fixed telephone lines in the period since the Republic of Turkey, is to investigate whether mobile phone and affect the economic growth of the telecommunications sector showing growth in internet connection. In our study, the penetration rate represents the development of telecommunications industry. Penetration rate is defined as the number of fixed line and mobile phone subscribers per 100 people. In order to measure the penetration rate in Turkey, we have used the ratio of the total number of fixed line, mobile subscribers and internet users to the population, taking into account the dates when mobile communication and the internet started. Economic growth is represented as the rate of change to Gross Domestic Product. The data used in this study cover an annual period 1935-2017. After investigating the stationarity of the series of variables, a causal relationship between the Toda-Yamamoto causality test and the penetration rate and GDP change rate series was examined. The findings of the analysis, the development of telecommunications in Turkey revealed that does not affect economic growth. According to this result, the Solow paradox is valid in the period examined in Turkey.

Through this research study, the authors set out to analyse the implications of the BRRD on non-core domestic banks as well as investment firms. The main aim behind this study is researchersto gain an insight into how such institutions are managing in view of the requirements of the BRRD. Besides building a thorough understanding of the impact of BRRD provisions on these institutions, this study also sets out to explore the potential challenges that might arise following the application of said provisions. Purposive sampling was applied, whereby the researchers collected the data by holding semi-structured interviews with representatives from a select number of non-core domestic banks and investment firms. The findings converge on a number of points. The institutions under study lacked the necessary guidance, largely because the BRRD was implemented rather quickly to immediately address the weaknesses of resolution and supervision that came to light after the 2008 financial crisis. In this respect, the institutions concerned were not able to invest adequate time in their preparation process. In line with previous local research, an ambivalent approach was also observed in relation to the benefits of the measures under the BRRD, especially in the case of small-sized institutions. These outcomes show that the BRRD might be too recent of a regulatory framework to bear concrete results. Although it has generally been welcomed as a constructive measure bent on bringing improvements in the spheres of recovery and resolution, there needs to be further time, and understanding and work by both authorities and institutions to fully realise its benefits. Given that the BRRD is an important step towards further maintaining financial stability and fighting against financial calamities, this study carries the value of bringing together the existing research done already in this area, further extending the research to cover more domestic institutions and ultimately contributing to a more holistic understanding of the implications of the BRRD in Malta.

Introduction: Strategic management and its most important component, the strategic policies, and the expression of these policies and the implementation of the stated policies are very important. The purpose of this study is to examine the policy statements of the enterprises operating in the field of logistics, which is an important sector for the economy of countries, to examine whether they are current and industry-appropriate statements, and to discuss the reasons. Categorization and interpretation were preferred as methods. As a scope, only policy statements among the strategic concepts shared by the Logistics Association (LODER) member enterprises in the logistics sector have been discussed and studied. Especially in logistics enterprises, the establishment of strategic management and strategic policies, their expression, sharing and their implementation, the concepts emphasized and prioritized in the policies, and whether these concepts are up-to-date and appropriate to the sector should be seen as a problem. According to the findings, an important part of the policy statements are about customers and customer-related concepts. It has been observed that the concepts prioritized in policy statements are not specific to the business, which are popular and shared in most businesses. The fact that the concepts examined are not up to date causes businesses to stay away from the concepts they really need. The fact that the stated policies are not specific to the business will not benefit the strategic management of the business in details. This study is expected to be beneficial to academics and administrators working in this field.

A restructuring program has been realized in the Turkish Banking Sector after the crises of 2000 and 2001. At the same time the restructuring program was implemented in the economy. Volatility is considered one of the most important risk indicator. The high volatility in a data set means that the risk is high. The aim of the study is to predict the strong changes in the main activity items of the banking sector from the post-crisis period to the present, based on the number of delays. During the period from the end of 2002 to the end of 2017, the volatility of the main financial items at the end of the three-month period has been analyzed in the Turkish Banking Sector. Afterwards, these main items were taken into consideration of past trends and predictive equations related to the levels that can be reached in the future were established. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the highest change is primarily in the volume of the sector and in the loans and deposit items immediately afterwards. The high change in these two main factors in balance sheet naturally leads to a high volatility of the balance sheet total as well.