This study investigates the impact of the high turnover rate of articled clerks on audit quality within BDO Zimbabwe Chartered Accountants. The departure of these professionals from the firm has raised significant concerns, prompting a comprehensive analysis. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative elements, to provide a holistic understanding of the phenomenon. The sample, drawn from a population of 56 BDO Chartered Accountants members through stratified simple random sampling, consisted of 30 individuals. The findings reveal a notable negative correlation between the turnover of articled clerks and the overall quality of audits. This correlation suggests that frequent departures of these clerks adversely affect the firm's audit standards. It was determined that BDO Zimbabwe lacks adequate capacity management strategies, leading to increased staff turnover. To mitigate this issue, the study recommends the implementation of a mandatory tenure system for articled clerks. This system would ensure the retention of expertise and skills essential for maintaining high audit quality. Such a measure could prove instrumental in stabilizing the workforce and preserving the integrity of audit processes. This research contributes to the understanding of staff turnover's impact on audit quality, offering valuable insights for firms in similar contexts.
This research delves into the impact of Information technology systems (ITS) on the effectiveness of internal controls, using Norman Ranch Limited, a subsidiary of Development Trust in Zimbabwe, as a case study. A mixed-methods research approach, incorporating a descriptive design and a cross-sectional study, was employed. Data were gathered through close-ended questionnaires distributed to 44 employees, offering a comprehensive view of internal control processes within the organization. Analysis involved Linear Regression to establish correlations, supported by data presentation through tables, pie charts, and graphs. Findings indicate a significant, positive relationship between ITS investment and internal control efficacy, particularly evident when senior management participates actively in the installation and continuous upgrading of IT infrastructure. This includes the review of IT system packages from other organizations. A key revelation is the enhanced efficiency of internal monitoring, a critical component of internal control, through strategic IT implementation. The study concludes that judicious investment in ITS markedly improves the effectiveness of internal controls. Furthermore, it posits that a synergy between IT systems, business processes, and human resources is pivotal in fortifying internal control mechanisms.
This investigation evaluates the effectiveness of budgeting as a mechanism for internal controls within manufacturing firms, with a specific focus on Pepukai Plastics Industries. The impetus for this research derived from the observed inability of Pepukai Plastics Industries to meet its organizational objectives and goals in recent years, particularly in terms of revenue generation and profit maximization. The study utilized a descriptive research design, employing a mixed-method approach to cater to the qualitative and quantitative nature of the research. The research encompassed a target population of 28, utilizing a census methodology. Data collection was executed through questionnaires and one-on-one interviews, with the results presented via tables and graphs. Key findings indicate that Pepukai Plastics Industries lacks the implementation of variance analysis, forecasting, and coordinated planning in its production processes, adversely affecting profit control. The study reveals that the firm's budgeting practices are predominantly based on estimates, proving to be time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, these practices primarily focus on financial outcomes, overlooking other critical aspects of organizational performance. Notably, the firm does not employ incremental budgeting techniques, a factor that could potentially enhance the efficacy of its budgeting process and, by extension, its internal controls. The study concludes that the absence of comprehensive budgeting strategies, including incremental budgeting, impairs the overall effectiveness of internal controls within Pepukai Plastics Industries. This conclusion underscores the vital role that a robust budgeting system plays in reinforcing internal controls, thereby contributing to the attainment of organizational objectives within the manufacturing sector.
Since Nigeria's independence, concerted efforts have been made to fortify the healthcare system, aiming to safeguard millions of lives through enhanced primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare services, and to progress towards universal healthcare coverage, as envisaged by the National Health Act (NHA). Despite the successful adoption of numerous initiatives, they have encountered substantial challenges in implementation and sustainability, influenced by factors such as importation dynamics, price fluctuations from both private and public sources, the impact of subsidy removal, and taxation policies. This study investigates the macroeconomic consequences of potential healthcare financing reforms in Nigeria, particularly focusing on aspects of pricing, taxation, and the import-export balance. Utilizing a Computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach, this analysis draws upon the 2011 Nigeria Input-Output Table to construct a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The data is subsequently integrated into the GAMS software, as detailed in the appendix. Findings indicate a disparity between domestic healthcare demand and supply, potentially inciting increased healthcare importation. Crucially, it is observed that escalated taxation on corporations and households exacerbates healthcare accessibility challenges, primarily due to diminished affordability. This research underscores the imperative of recalibrating healthcare financing strategies to mitigate inequalities and enhance service availability, thereby fostering a more robust healthcare system in Nigeria.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 brought the strategic position of Cyprus to the international stage. The geopolitical position of the Mediterranean for world trade remains important today. The administration of Cyprus was left to Britain in 1878 with the Cyprus Convention signed between Britain and the Ottoman Empire. With the outbreak of World War I, Britain annexed Cyprus in 1915. Cyprus was given the status of a Crown Colony in 1925. During the war period, between 1915 and 1922, foreign trade of Cyprus reached the highest figures in its history. Cyprus was used as a military and commercial safe haven for British trade and allies. The post-war economic crises, especially the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, shook the world economy. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the economic crises of the period 1923-1938 on foreign trade of Cyprus and whether the wartime development continued or not. The share of the UK and other countries in foreign trade and the status of Cyprus in international foreign trade will be determined. In the study, first of all, the commercial data of Cyprus foreign trade for the period 1923-1938 will be organized and interpreted using statistical methods (tables and graphs). As a result of the study, it was determined that the period of 1923-1938 in Cyprus was a fluctuating period of decline and rise in foreign trade due to economic crises. In 1938, exports increased by 176% and imports by 110% compared to 1923. Despite the crisis, the geography of foreign trade of Cyprus expanded and the number of traded countries increased. The share of European countries in foreign trade increased. While Cyprus exports mineral products and food to Europe, it also became one of the new markets for products produced in Europe. It was also a transit island in international trade.
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