Residual wastewater produced during the utilization of high-energy propellants presents a power-driven engineering problem in which reaction efficiency, energy input, and thermophysical stability must be jointly controlled. An integrated, mobile treatment system coupling electrochemical oxidation (ECO) with disc-tube reverse osmosis (DTRO) was designed and assessed from a system-level thermophysical perspective. A model-driven framework was employed to guide the engineering design of the electrochemical reactor, membrane unit, and pipeline network under constraints associated with power input, hydraulic behavior, and structural reliability. The ECO reactor equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was operated under high-current conditions, and the effects of current density and energy input on degradation behavior were examined. Experimental results show that, at a current density of 70 mA·cm⁻², the integrated system achieved a unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) removal efficiency of 99.2% within 3 h while maintaining stable thermal and mechanical states. The downstream DTRO unit enabled effective separation of reaction intermediates and residual contaminants, resulting in stable effluent quality during continuous high-load operation. These results demonstrate that the ECO–DTRO configuration constitutes a feasible power-driven treatment pathway for high-energy propellant residues, characterized by controlled energy utilization and satisfactory thermophysical stability, and provides engineering guidance for the design of coupled electrochemical–membrane systems.