Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the main performance of commercial banks in the Republic of Kosovo. In order to assess the main performance of commercial banks, the authors used side data processed from financial reports of commercial banks as the main segment of Kosovo financial sector over a decade (2008-2018). Design/methodology/approach: Data processing for financial reports included in the econometric analysis is done using the STATA software program, specifically using linear regression, fixed effect, random effect, Hausman Taylor Regression and GMM Model. Assuming that the profitability of a commercial bank is a key factor in measuring its financial performance, then internal factors that have an impact on financial performance are taken as econometric variables. The return on assets (ROA) has been taken as a subordinated variable, while the independent variables are: bank capital adequacy, bank liquidity rate, and operational efficiency of the bank. Findings: The results show that the profitability of commercial banks in Kosovo has a positive impact on capital adequacy and liquidity of commercial banks, while the commercial banks' operational efficiency has a negative impact. Practical implications: The article offers insights to commercial banks who should intensify their efforts to increase efficiency in rational management with operational and administrative costs, as well as, adapt the business model to market needs. Originality/value: The article presents significant pragmatic evidence in terms of its meticulous approach towards checking the robustness of results.

The principal objective of this study is to analyse the impact of macroeconomic factors on the level of deposits in the banking sector in Western Balkan countries. The impact of macroeconomic factors on the levels of deposits in the countries mentioned will be analyzed through econometric models. With reference to the applied models, the dependent variable will be the level of deposits, whilst the independent variables will be the interest rate on deposits, marginal rates, GDP, inflation and broad money. In order to achieve the research target set, the research will be based on secondary data which will be analyzed through the STATA program. The interest rate plays a key role in banking systems because it determines the benefits of the difference between the interest rate on loans and the interest rate on deposits. However, exposure to risk is often present because banks provide long-term loans financed by short-term deposits, and this involves the socalled interest rate risk. One of the most important channels of monetary policy transmission in an economy is interest rates. Macroeconomic factors and the financial sector structure in the economy of a country have a significant impact on determining the interest rate elevation. The analyzed period (2005-2017) is a compelling period for competent conclusions.

The study attempts to establish a theoretical basis for the interaction between financial risk management and value of the firm among private capital firms.

Design and Methodology: The study was based on a theoretical review of the interaction between financial risk management and value of the firm focusing on the applicability of agency theory, trade-off theory and credit metrics model in anchoring capital management risk, liquidity risk and credit risk

Findings: The study shows that although private equity firms are not publicly listed, they face financial risks associated with defaults on loans advanced, volatility of interest rates, liquidity management and capital management. The agency theory explains the role of capital management risk and liquidity risk by incurring agency costs to deter the management from engaging in activities hindering achievement of wealth maximization goal. Similarly, companies balance between threat of bankruptcy and tax benefits of debt by finding an understanding between the advantages and the disadvantages that come with debt as outlined in the trade-off theory while credit metrics model help firms to quantify credit risk on loans, fixed income instruments, commercial contracts.

Practical Implications: Private equity firms must constantly be engaged in risk mitigation activities by extensively evaluating their financial, legal and business environments. The management of private equity companies must also always try to balance between the threat of bankruptcy and the tax benefits of debt in the formulation of capital structure by finding a compromise between the benefits and costs of raising debt. The management should also carefully consider credit risks during the credit appraisal and credit awarding process by using appropriate credit appraisal models such as credit metrics model.

The Significance of the Study: The conclusions reached in this study significantly impacts the perspective of the management with regard to risk management particularly in the banking sector which is predominantly adversely affected by credit risk, liquidity risk and capital management risks. Consequently the management would be in a better position to manage their risks using appropriate models and improve organizational efficiency and performance.

Purpose: Mergers and acquisitions are forms of corporate restructuring. This study was conducted to examine the firm's performance after the company carried out a merger and/or acquisition during the period 2010-2014. Design and Methodology: The variables used in this study are financial ratios such as Gross profit margin ratio, Operating profit margin ratio, Net profit margin ratio, Return on capital employed, Earning per share, Return on assets, Return on equity and Return on net worth. This study also focuses on how the quality of firm earnings changed following a merger and/or acquisitions to know whether the changes in firm profit will also affect the quality of profit. The sample was selected using a non-probability purposive sampling method. Data is analyzed using a descriptive statistical test, outlier test, normality test and hypothesis test (t-test). This study used paired sample t-test to analyze two different paired samples using the SPSS program. Findings: The results from this study show that the firm’s performance has decreased after mergers and acquisitions, but the quality of earnings after mergers and acquisitions have insignificant increases. Practical Implications: Management must discipline themselves to ensure good corporate governance, develop a good approach to the management of assets and liabilities, and pay attention to the knowledge transfer and technology transfer that the company gets for the benefit of the company to be able achieve the synergy of acquisition in order to increase profitability. The Significance of The Study: Statistical evidence found that company profitability will be declining significantly after a merger and acquisition occurred. But separately, this decline also makes the profits that are generated of better quality. This also means that the decrease of profitability is also increasing the better quality of their earnings.

Purpose: Kosovo’s legal framework requires from businesses to implement IFRS when preparing financial statements. Based on this, the study aims to reflect the current situation regarding the recognition of IFRS by the accountants and the level of their implementation when preparing the financial statements, their attitudes and opinions regarding the effect they have on the quality and relevance of financial reporting for business directors and for all users of accounting information. Design and Methodology: The study was carried out with data collected from 264 businesses with turnover of over 1 million € selected as a research sample and processed through descriptive statistics and the quantitative analytical method. The design of the study involves two essential steps. The first step was a secondary data survey whose purpose was to research and analyze the framework of financial reporting of businesses. Meanwhile, the second step is the primary research conducted through questionnaires filled out in businesses and addressed to accountants (one employee in each business, a total of 264 accountants interviewed). Findings: The research results showed Kosovo's economic reality as far as financial reporting is concerned, which implies that businesses prepare accounting information according to the IFRS and publish it through publicly available financial statements under the regulatory requirements for accounting, financial reporting and auditing. In addition, the study highlights the level of awareness of accountants that the IFRS affect the quality and relevance of accounting information that will be used by third parties for economic decision- making. Practical Implications: Recognition of IFRS by accountants and their full implementation provides a qualitative and transparent financial information, useful to all users of that information, as well as to business executives. Unification of accounting language exceeds group interests by penetrating the capital market in and out of the country. The Significance of The tudy: This study presents a clear picture of the level of implementation of IFRS in Kosovo and the identification of factors affecting this level. In this respect, the study has raised the importance of enforcing standards by professionals, contributing to the improvement of financial reporting.

Purpose: In this paper, an update is provided on the on-going debate between audit retention and audit rotation in different parts of the world. Design and Methodology: This update is provided based on a systematic review of recent scholarship that have explored the supposed benefits or drawbacks of audit rotation amidst a climate of declining confidence in audited financial statements due to a series of financial scandals over the last few years. 28 articles were examined along four key categories, including the geographical distribution of the articles, article type, research themes and research methods. Findings: The findings of the review revealed that the debate between audit rotation and retention has no end in sight with empirical studies finding conflicting results regarding the merits or demerits of adopting a mandatory audit rotation regime in various countries. A recurring message amongst many of the studies is that perhaps time has come for the auditing profession to seek an alternative solution for maintain auditor independence. Practical Implications: A recurring message amongst many of the studies is that perhaps time has come for the auditing profession to seek an alternative solution for maintaining auditor independence. The Significance of The Study: Thisstudyrevealsthatauditor independence cannot be obtained merely by regulation. This is evidenced by the fact that audit-related financial scandals have continued to occur over this long period of time, despite the adoption of mandatory audit rotation in many parts of the world.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı işletmelerdeki iç denetim etkinlik düzeyi ile kurumsal yönetim düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesidir. Tasarım ve Metodoloji: Verileri toplamak için bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Veriler yöneticilerle yapılan doğrudan görüşmeler, çevrimiçi gönderme, telefon ile önceden iş adamı derneklerinden alınan adreslerin aranarak firmalara anketin ulaştırılması şeklinde toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada modelin hipotetik ilişkisini test etmek için PLS-SEM yöntemi kullanılmıştı. Bulgular: Çalışmada iki adet hipotez geliştirilerek test edilmiştir. İşletmelerde iç denetim sisteminin etkinliği arttıkça. Objektiflik, şeffaflık ve resmiyet düzeyinin yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulamaya Etkileri: Son yıllarda işletmelerin çokuluslu hale gelmesi, halka açılarak sermaye gücünü artırma istekleri farklı çıkar gruplarının işletmeler üzerindeki etkisini ve beklentilerini arttırmıştır. İşletmelerin bu çıkar grupları tarafından kontrol edilmek istenmesi ile birlikte şeffaflık, hesap verilebilirlik, güvenilirlik kavramları önemli bir kriter haline gelmiştir. Özellikle uluslararası çapta yaşanan işletme skandalları ile birlikte kurumsal yönetim kavramı hayata geçmiş işletmelerin hesap verilebilirliği noktasında uluslararası bir kriter olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İşletmelerde kurumsal yönetim ilkelerinin etkinliğinin artırılmasında iç denetim önemli bir fonksiyon icra etmektedir. Gelecekteki skandallardan kaçınmak için, bu çalışma iç denetim sistemi ile kurumsal yönetim arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmanın Önemi: Bu çalışmanın bulgularının, ticari organizasyonlardaki yönetsel sorunları azaltarak kurumsal yönetimin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamasını amaçlıyoruz. Ortaya konan bulguların yönetim kurulu üyeleri, yöneticiler ve işletme ile ilgili çeşitli etkileri vardır. Kurumsal yönetim mekanizmalarının oluşturulması ve sorunlarının çözülmesi kurulların öncelikli sorumlulukları arasındadır. Bunu sağlamak için yöneticiler, bağımsız denetim yoluyla dış kontrolü davet etmeden önce iç raporlama prosedürleri ve iç kontrol ve izleme sistemleri oluşturmalıdır.