This study examines the effect of deferred tax and accruals on the persistence of earnings. Firms with either large (small) deferred tax and large (small) accruals are predicted to exhibit low (high) earnings persistence. Using a sample of 1,609 firm-year observations from 2007 to 2014 from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), results of this study were consistent with the predictions, deferred tax and accruals had negative effects on earnings persistence. These results remained qualitatively unchanged after controlling for industry sector dummy variables and year dummy variables. When the sample was split into two groups, positive and negative accruals subsamples, the findings showed consistent results of the negative effect of accruals on earnings persistent. However, when the sample was split into two groups, positive and negative deferred tax subsamples, the results showed the negative effect of the deferred tax on earnings persistence but only for positive deferred tax subsample.

The role of the internal audit becomes more and more important in the process of assessing and managing the own risks that the company deals with. Consequently, the provision of a risk management system and of an effective internal control system, including the internal audit function, is probably the greatest challenge for the management; the internal auditor also has a vital part in this respect. As such, the internal auditor and the manager should be considered as partners within an entity, having the same targets; some of these targets are the effectiveness of the management process and the achievement of the proposed targets. The internal audit has an important part in creating the management’s responsibility, in the sense that the management has to undertake the proposed recommendations and the fact that they should be implemented, with the purpose of avoiding potential risks. Therefore the main purpose of the internal audit activity was oriented towards the effective management of material, human and financial resources, fraud prevention and minimisation of risks regarding the events and transactions that occur within a company.

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become universal financial reporting language as it is currently used by 166 (85%) (out of 195) countries in the Africa, Americas, Europe, Middle East and Asia and Oceana. Similarly, all eight country members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have accepted IFRS for presentation of financial statements of their public companies. In the era of globalistaion and liberalistion, IFRS are performing mounting significant role in the global accounting system. Therefore, this paper was intended to portray the process of convergence of IFRS in global accounting system and to identify the status of SAARC countries in convergence of IFRS. For this reason, secondary sources and review of literature were taken into consideration. The study demonstrated that IFRS set by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopted by all countries have been altered slightly before accepting. The SAARC countries have also made minor modifications in IFRS and accepted in phased manner. The study concluded that the SAARC countries are facing number of problems that should be resolved for better convergence of IFRS.

The wave of global financial crises (2007 – 2008) caused a surge in the capital flows of developed countries particularly, between developed and developing countries. The crisis has hit all financial sectors with unexpected severity and speed. This paper determines the impact of global financial crisis (2007 – 2008) on socially innovative microfinance institutions operating in Pakistan by using descriptive ratio analysis and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. This paper analyzes performance of MFIs for 15 years i.e., from 2000 – 2014 in three waves: before, during and after the financial crisis. The results show that financial crisis affected performance of all selected MFIs but Thardeep Rural Development Programme (TRDP) showed major changes in three waves of crises. The output of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test confirms that the financial crisis worsened the operations of MFIs in Pakistan. This study will assist microfinance practitioners, policy makers, rural financial institutions, and microfinance institutions in maintaining and developing more effective strategies to survive in such crisis in the future.

This study aims to determine the effect of administration of State Property, which consists of bookkeeping, inventory, and reporting on the optimization of fixed assets in the Secretariat of the General Election Commission of West Java Province, Indonesia. Questionnaires are distributed to 38 officers whom using and responsible for the use of fixed assets in a room or work location at the Secretariat of the General Election Commission of West Java Province, Indonesia. The finding shows that administration of State Property (bookkeeping, inventory, and reporting of fixed assets) affect the optimization of fixed assets in the Secretariat of the General Election Commission by 55% while the remaining 45% influenced by other factors that are not examined in this study.

This study aims to analyze the influence of intellectual capital on the value of company. Intellectual capital as an independent variable is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) component. On the other hand, company value as a dependent variable is proxied with Price to Book Value (PBV). 28 companies are selected based on purposive sampling method that come from retail trade and property & real estate sectors listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2014 to 2016. Both panel data procedure analysis and statistical criteria test were conducted. The findings show that the Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) significantly influence the Price to Book Value (PBV), where VACA has significant positive effect on PBV, while VAHU and STVA have no significant positive effect on PBV.

The study examines the effect of ownership structure on financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. Data was collected from the annual reports of 28 insurance firms listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the periods of 2011 to 2016. The ex-post facto was employed by the study to examine the effect of ownership structure on financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. In addition to the descriptive statistics and correlation, multiple regression technique through panel data methodology was applied for model estimation. Data were subjected to pooled General Least Square, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects regression model to test the hypotheses of the study. Ownership structure proxied by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and ownership concentration were adopted as independent variables. Firm financial performance as the dependent variables was proxied by Book value per Share. This study found ownership structure having significant positive effect on financial performance of the listed insurance firms except concentrated ownership with negative effect. However, in respect of size and growth of the firms, which form the control variables of the study, there were mixed evidence of their effects on financial performance. The study recommends that in order to enhance the financial performance, insurance firms in Nigeria should increase management equity- holding in the firms as this can stimulate the managers to maximize their efficiency and create more wealth for stakeholders.

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the corporate’s characteristics on tax avoidance and to analyze the effects of moderation of earnings management on the relationship between the corporate’s characteristics and tax avoidance. The corporate’s characteristics in this study are proxied by the profitability, the leverage, and the size. This study selected 49 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of the period of 2012-2016 as samples that were selected by using the cluster random sampling technique. The result of the panel data regression with random effect model shows that the characteristics of a company, namely the profitability and the size have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, whereas the leverage has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. The action of the earnings management is able to moderate the effects of the profitability and the leverage on tax avoidance. However, the action of the earnings management is unable to moderate the effects of the size on tax avoidance.

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in different countries of the world has become a contemporary issue especially with respect to the reliability of financial statements. The study examined the impact of valuation of Loan Loss Provisions (LLPs) on earnings management and capital management during the pre and post-adoption of IFRS for listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Using an Ex-post facto research design approach, this study utilised secondary data extracted from annual reports and accounts of fifteen (15) DMBs for the period of ten (10) years from 2006 – 2016. The results from the use of multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between LLPs and earnings management for both pre and post-IFRS adoption. Furthermore, the study also found a positive insignificant relationship between LLPs and capital management for both pre and post IFRS adoption.

The paper examines management accounting change and the changing roles of management accountants in two independent organizations in the Nigerian public sector. The sampling population was made up of 100 respondents in the accounts departments of two public sector organizations comprising a public university and a university teaching hospital. Using the Mann Whitney test the paper considers whether there are significant differences between respondents in both organizations on management accounting change, roles of management accountants as well as the drivers and barriers to the change. The results indicate that whereas there are significant differences in some aspects relating to the roles, tasks and skills of management accountants, there are no significant differences in the drivers and barriers in the change in management accountants’ roles. Specifically, we find that the main triggers (drivers) of change in the roles of management accountants are: technology, globalization and competition while the barriers are: management stability, lack of adequate resources and shortage of accounting staffs. The paper concludes that there is change in the roles and tasks performed by management accountants in the public sector. The paper suggests that the results of this study have important implications for the training of management accountants by accounting faculties from universities and professionals bodies.

The profitability of manufacturing companies does not only play the role of improving the market value of that specific company but also leads to the overall growth of the whole sector which translate to improvement on profit level that could be attributable to characteristics possessed by firms. It is on this the study examines the effect of firm attributes on the return on assets of listed companies in Nigeria for a period of five years. The population and sample size of this study comprises of all the 41 listed manufacturing companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31 December, 2016. The result of random effect regression provides evidence that all firm attributes apart from operating expenses and firm size had a negative and significant effect on return on asset. Based on this result, the study recommends that listed manufacturing firms should reduce firm size and operating expenses so as to increase the return on assets of their firms and short term cash should not be channeled to fund capital asset.

In terms of the monetary transmission mechanism, one of the canals of influence of the monetary policy on the economy is the stock market. Determining the relationship between monetary policy actions and stock market is important in terms of the monetary transmission actions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of monetary policy shocks as a basic economic shocks on stock markets. In the study, predicting Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model was carried out within framework of Bayesian Approach. The relationship between monetary policy shocks and stock market was investigated by causality analysis. Obtained findings indicate that there is bilateral relation between monetary policy shocks and stock returns.

In society, moral rules are all about society. The concept of ethics is also expressed as a Professional phenomenon at the same time as a social phenomen on. This research is designed to express the perception of accounting profession ethics and to set an example for the studies conducted on this field. The results of a survey, which was conducted to accounting profesionals working in Mersin province are given place in the direction in accordance with the purpose of this study. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and the findings were revealed. Factor analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests are used to analyze the obtained data. The findings showed that participants has a positive perception related to professional accountants to behave in accordance with ethical principles and professional ethics. Moreover, it is seen that perception of participants vary with professional experience, gender, age and state of education.

The main results of the macro stress testing exercise in this paper reveal that Malaysia’s banking sector is resilient, well diversified, and highly interconnected. Further, Malaysia has a thriving equity market, large bond market and growing private debt securities. Main results of the baseline scenario suggest a modest change in capital ratios; the post-stress test CAR and Tier 1 capital ratio are -1.64% and -1.38% respectively. The impact of all fundamental shocks on capital ratios under both adverse and severely adverse scenarios is significant. The aggregate capital shortfall in the form of needed capital injection (i.e. cost to the government from failed banks) under adverse scenario is 1.55% of the GDP (or $4.59 billion based on 2015 GDP of $296.22 billion). The capitalization needs became more severe in the severely adverse scenario, $10.52 billion (or 3.55% of 2015 GDP). The important conclusion of the macro stress testing is that no bank failed, faced a liquidation or suspension of license.