Integration of renewable energy and waste heat resources could effectively reduce emissions and the production cost in methane production power plants. The objective of this study is to conduct a technoeconomic analysis of an Iraqi methanol production facility using a combination of energy resources of waste gas from Al-Fallujah white cement factory, solar and wind energy. It is hypothesized that the carbon dioxide present in the flue gas could be extracted using solar and wind turbine energy in a carbon capture unit in the hydrogen plant. Methanol fuel is then produced in the methanol plant from the combined sources. The amount of energy and the number of solar panels or wind turbines (WT) needed to supply this energy requirement were estimated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES), and then the environmental impact of the methanol plant was assessed. The efficiencies of renewable energy PV, WT, methanol plants, and methanol fuel were predicted as 21%, 35%, 16.26%, and 58.72%, respectively. The electrolyzers’ efficiency was 78.2% at their ideal density of 2.2 kA/m$^2$. With a production capacity of 34,530 million tons of methanol, the total cost to operate the plant for 30 years for each of the PV plants and WT was found to be \$9.46 billion and \$5.291 billion, respectively. This translates to 0.4131 \$/kg methane for the PV plant and 0.2413 \$/kg methane for the wind power plant. In terms of the environment, there is a daily 3,894 tons of collected CO$_2$ emissions and 3,306 tons of mitigation. The results show that the current facility can compete with facilities that produce clean synthetic fuel.

Mini hydropower plants (MHPs) play a vital role in providing sustainable electricity to off-grid rural communities in Indonesia. This study optimizes the hydraulic performance of the penstock system for the Way Melesom MHP in Pesisir Barat, Lampung. Using a conservative design discharge of 0.822 m³/s, derived from the F.J. Mock rainfall–runoff model and Flow Duration Curve (Q₇₀) analysis, hydraulic modeling was conducted using the Darcy–Weisbach and Hazen–Williams equations for four pipe diameters (DN400–DN700). The results show that increasing the pipe diameter reduces headloss and increases net head and power output, with diminishing efficiency gains beyond DN600. The DN600 configuration achieves an optimal balance—yielding a velocity of 2.91 m/s, headloss of 3.45 m, and a net head of 61.81 m, corresponding to an estimated output of 0.45 MW (2.76 GWh/year). This capacity can supply electricity to approximately 2,300 rural households, or up to 3,000 customers (450 VA each), supporting 10–12 small villages under an off-grid distribution network. The analysis confirms that DN600 provides the best technical–economic trade-off, recovering 95% of the gross head (65.26 m) with 90% hydraulic efficiency. The study highlights the importance of integrating hydrological, hydraulic, and energy modeling for optimizing closed-conduit systems in small-scale hydropower, ensuring both engineering efficiency and sustainable rural electrification.

This study introduces a new framework, PACBDHTE, designed to evaluate materials for fusion reactor applications. To provide an integrated assessment that encompasses radiation damage, hydrogen behavior, transmutation effects, and material erosion within a unified evaluation scheme. The methodology includes evaluation Displacement per Atom (DPA) calculations, hydrogen retention analysis, transmutation assessments, and erosion rate determinations. The results identified SiC and WC-Be are strong candidates due to their exceptional hydrogen retention capabilities. Tungsten-based materials are competitive, but careful consideration is needed for 316L stainless steel due to lower hydrogen retention. additionally, Cu(I)-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), such as Cu(I)-MFU-4l, show promising selectivity for hydrogen isotope separation which can support more efficient fusion fuel-cycle management. Overall, the findings highlight erosion rates are critical for material longevity, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring. Overall, the study contributes to safe and efficient fusion energy technology.