Acadlore fully adheres to the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Our editors have zero tolerance for publication ethics issues, such as plagiarism, data falsification, and inappropriate authorship credit, to name but a few. Authors wishing to publish articles in our journals are expected to comply with the best practices of ethical publication:

(1) Submit the same manuscript to one journal only.

(2) Disclose any fact that may lead to a conflict of interest in the manuscript.

(3) Present the research findings accurately, and highlight their significance objectively.

(4) Provide enough details on the data and methods, allowing others to replicate and build on published results.

(5) Deposit raw data in a publicly accessible repository whenever ethically and practically feasible. If public data deposition is not possible (e.g., due to privacy, confidentiality, or proprietary restrictions), authors must at least make the complete raw data available to reviewers and editors upon request during the peer-review process.

(6) Ensure the originality of your manuscript and avoid plagiarism:

(7) Do not manipulate images in any way that causes misinterpretation of the information in the original image:

Please refer to Acadlore publication ethics for more details.

For any use of Generative AI beyond minor language editing, authors must follow our Online Statement on the Use of GenAI and include a GenAI Use Disclosure in the manuscript (tool/provider, model/version, date, purpose, human verification).

Authorship of a manuscript is limited to individuals who have contributed substantially to the following areas. Only natural persons qualify as authors; GenAI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors.

(1) The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.

(2) Drafting the article and critically revising it for important intellectual content.

(3) The final approval of the version to be submitted.

(4) The agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Authors must consider authorship carefully before manuscript submission. Any change to the author list should be made during the editorial process, before manuscript acceptance, and be approved by all authors, including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the journal editor and the other authors, and send to the journal editor the requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names.

Acadlore does not support any changes to authorship, i.e., the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts, once the article is published.

Please refer to Acadlore publication ethics for more details about authorship.

The authors retain the copyright of their articles published in Acadlore journals. These articles are available for free download and can be reused and cited, provided that the original published version is properly credited, under the open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license. If this license is not applicable to your situation, please inform the journal's editorial office. Exceptions may be granted at the discretion of the publisher.

If any material in your manuscript is taken from another source, including your own published article, please cite the source clearly, and obtain the appropriate permission.

(1) Do not cite your own work excessively.

(2) Do not cite advertisements or advertorial material.

(3) Do not copy references from other articles without reading the cited work.

(4) Put the original wording taken directly from others' publications in quotation marks, with proper citations.

Secondary publication of an article previously published in another language may be considered only with the prior approval of the editors of both journals and permission from the relevant copyright holder. The editor considering the translated article must be given access to the original publication.

The priority of the original publication must be respected, with any publication interval agreed upon by the authors and the editors of both journals. The translated article must be intended for a different readership and must faithfully reflect the authors, data, findings, and interpretations of the original publication.

The original publication must be cited, and its publication history must be fully disclosed at submission. The translated article must clearly acknowledge the original source, and its title or an accompanying note must indicate that it is a translation or secondary publication of a previously published article.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all materials included in their manuscripts comply with applicable copyright laws and licensing terms. Copyrighted materials may include figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, maps, diagrams, artworks, text extracts, questionnaires, scales, and other content created by third parties.

Where permission is required, authors must obtain written authorization from the copyright holder before publication and provide the relevant documentation to the journal upon request. Permission should cover reproduction in an open-access publication under the licence applied by the journal. Proper acknowledgement of the original source does not, by itself, replace the need to obtain permission.

(1) Figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, maps, or other materials reproduced from a previously published source;

(2) Materials that have been only slightly modified, reformatted, translated, recoloured, relabelled, or redrawn from an existing work;

(3) Adapted materials that retain substantial elements of the structure, design, arrangement, or expression of the original work;

(4) The authors’ own previously published materials when copyright was transferred to a publisher or another party;

(5) Photographs or other materials for which the authors do not hold the necessary copyright or publication rights;

(6) Questionnaires, measurement instruments, assessment scales, software interfaces, or other proprietary materials subject to licensing restrictions.

(1) Original figures, tables, photographs, and other materials created entirely by the authors and not previously published;

(2) The authors’ own previously published materials when they retain the copyright and the applicable licence permits reuse;

(3) Materials released under a Creative Commons or other open licence that permits the intended form of reuse, provided that all licence conditions are followed;

(4) Materials that are clearly identified as being in the public domain;

(5) New figures or tables independently created by the authors from published facts or data, provided that the original data source is properly cited and the new presentation does not reproduce protected elements of the original work;

(6) Short quotations used in accordance with applicable copyright exceptions, provided that quotation marks and an appropriate citation are included.

Redrawing, adapting, or substantially modifying a copyrighted work does not automatically remove the need for permission. Authors must cite the original source of all adapted materials and determine whether the new version retains substantial protected elements of the original. Where there is uncertainty, authors should obtain permission from the copyright holder.

The source and permission status should be stated in the relevant figure caption, table note, or acknowledgement. The information in square brackets in the examples below should be replaced with the relevant reference and copyright details. Appropriate wording may include:

Copies of permission letters, licence records, or other supporting documents should be uploaded with the manuscript or provided to the editorial office upon request. If the required permission cannot be obtained, the material must be removed or replaced before publication.

It is mandatory for all authors to disclose any relationship or interest that may bias their work. The typical conflicts of interest include financial interests like membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, and grants, and non-financial interests like personal connections, professional relationships, and affiliations. Please declare conflicts of interest as follows:

A (author name) serves as a consultant to X (entity name); B (author name) is a member of Y (entity name); C (author name) is a paid expert of Z (entity name).

If there are no conflicts of interest, please state:

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Acadlore is strongly against any discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, religion, or socioeconomic status. The authors are expected to write in inclusive language, which acknowledges diversity, and conveys respect to all people. Do not contain anything in your manuscript that may imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of race, gender, culture, or any other characteristic.

Acadlore stays neutral regarding jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. If your manuscript involves any potential dispute over borders and territories, our editorial team will attempt to find a resolution that satisfies parties involved.

Please write your article in good English (American or British usage). If you are not a native English speaker, you are encouraged to have your manuscript professionally edited before submission or read by a native English-speaking colleague. Acadlore can provide English polishing service to improve the readability of your manuscript.

Please refer to Acadlore Language Service for details on the pricing of the service.

The submission of your manuscript means the work described has not been published previously, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere; the publication of the work described has been approved by all authors, and the responsible authorities where the work was carried out; once accepted, the work will not be published elsewhere in any form in any language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

If GenAI was used beyond minor language editing, the manuscript includes a GenAI Use Disclosure in Methods or Acknowledgments.

Authors are required to provide the names and email addresses of three potential reviewers when submitting a manuscript. The suggested reviewers should have appropriate expertise in the subject area of the manuscript and should not be current or recent collaborators of any of the authors, affiliated with the same institution as any author, or involved in any personal, professional, or financial relationship that could create a conflict of interest.

The journal may independently verify the identity, contact information, institutional affiliation, and expertise of suggested reviewers. Institutional email addresses or institutionally verified ORCID records are preferred where available. Suggested reviewers must also have appropriate qualifications and subject expertise to conduct a scholarly peer review. Providing reviewer suggestions does not guarantee that the suggested individuals will be invited. The journal editor retains sole responsibility for reviewer selection and may invite other qualified experts where appropriate.

During the submission, you are required to add a concise cover letter with the article. The cover letter should preferably provide the following information:

(1) The significance of the research contents.

(2) The findings placed in the context of previous works.

(3) The fitness of the article to the journal.

(4) Any prior submission to Acadlore journals (with the ID of the previous article in our own manuscript processing system).

(5) A statement that “We confirm that the manuscript is not under consideration or published in another journal”.

(6) A statement that “All authors have approved the manuscript and agree to its submission to the journal.”

During the submission, you are encouraged to add a biography of all authors of the article. The biography of each author should be a single paragraph providing the following information:

(1) Author name and title.

(2) Degree received, year of graduation, and institution information.

(3) Work experience.

(4) Research directions.

(5) Memberships of professional societies and awards received.

The diagram below illustrates Acadlore’s Peer Review and Post-Acceptance Flowchart. In addition to the visual representation, we have provided detailed explanations for each step of the process.

(1) Manuscript Submission

Authors submit their manuscripts through Acadlore’s online submission system. During submission, authors must:

Each submission receives a unique manuscript ID, and all future correspondence and status tracking occur through the system. Authors are encouraged to follow the journal’s submission guidelines to ensure a smooth review process.

(2) Technical Pre-check

The Handling Editor (HE) conducts an initial screening to determine whether the manuscript meets the journal’s technical and formal standards. This includes:

Manuscripts that fail any of these criteria are desk rejected and returned to authors without external review.

(3) Academic Screening

The academic screening stage is overseen by an Editorial Board Member (EBM) and focuses on evaluating the manuscript’s scholarly merit and suitability. The key considerations include:

Manuscripts failing this evaluation are rejected. Those that meet the criteria move forward to peer review.

(4) Peer Review

Acadlore follows a double-blind peer review process. The HE is responsible for:

Review Outcomes:

(5) Editorial Recommendation and Final Decision

After receiving all reviewer reports:

Routine submissions: EBM or AE can issue decisions;

High-profile or disputed submissions: final approval is made by the EiC.

The decision (acceptance, revision, or rejection) is communicated to the authors along with reviewer comments and, where applicable, editorial guidance.

(1) Article Processing Charge (APC)

Article processing charge (APC) policies vary among Acadlore journals. Authors should consult the Article Processing Charge Policy of the journal to which they are submitting for information on applicable fees, funding arrangements, and waiver provisions. The APC for the Central Community Development Journal (CCDJ) is USD 500 per accepted article. No submission or peer-review fees are charged.

For CCDJ, an APC invoice is issued only after the manuscript has successfully completed peer review and been formally accepted for publication. Payment of the APC has no influence on editorial assessment, peer review, or the decision to accept or reject a manuscript. Following confirmation of payment, the accepted manuscript proceeds to copyediting and production.

Authors facing financial constraints may apply for a partial or full APC waiver or discount in accordance with the journal’s Article Processing Charge Policy. Waiver and discount requests are assessed independently of the editorial and peer-review processes and have no influence on the publication decision.

The APC supports services including:

(2) Copyediting/Technical Editing

This stage is handled by Acadlore’s professional production team and includes:

The goal is to ensure the manuscript is polished, consistent, and ready for typesetting.

(3) Language Polishing (If Required)

If the manuscript contains significant grammatical issues, awkward phrasing, or lacks fluency, it will be flagged for language editing:

(4) Author Proof Review

A PDF or Word proof of the formatted manuscript is sent to the corresponding author for review.

Authors should:

Major academic changes (e.g., data, conclusions, new sections) are not allowed at this stage.

(5) Final Proofreading

The editorial team performs a final quality check based on the author’s corrections. This includes:

This step ensures the final version is clean and ready for publication.

(6) Typesetting, Metadata Registration and Online Publication

The final publication stage includes:

Once published, the article becomes immediately accessible under open access terms, and authors retain full copyright.

To expedite copy-editing and publication, authors are encouraged to use the MS Word template of this journal to prepare their manuscript. The text should be in single-column format. To avoid unnecessary errors, you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your word processor. Please insert the figures into the main text close to their first citation. The manuscript must be converted into a single file before submission. Please be aware that during the production stage, our in-house editors will perform professional typesetting for the final version of the article.

A graphical abstract is a single, concise visual summary that presents the main message of the article, including the research objective, methodology, key findings, and potential implications. It should be specifically designed for the article and must not be a direct reproduction of any figure included in the manuscript.

The graphical abstract should be scientifically accurate, clearly structured, and directly relevant to the study. It must not contain unsupported claims, decorative elements unrelated to the research, postage stamps, currency, trademarks, institutional logos, or any copyrighted material without permission.

(1) The graphical abstract should be submitted as a single image with a recommended width-to-height ratio of 2:1. The file size should not exceed 500 KB.

(2) All text and labels within the image should be clear, concise, and easy to read. Arial font is recommended, and the font size should be sufficiently large for online display.

(3) The graphical abstract should be largely self-explanatory. Essential information should be conveyed through clear visual elements and brief in-figure labels. Where required by the journal, a short caption may be provided; however, extended descriptions or paragraph-style summaries should be avoided.

(4) The graphical abstract must accurately reflect the content of the article. It should illustrate the core problem, the principal approach, and the main outcome, without introducing data, interpretations, or visual elements that are not supported by the manuscript.

The title should be concise, specific, and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems, Avoid acronyms, abbreviations, punctuation, or formulae.

The forename and surname of each author must be provided. The initials of any middle names can be added. Complete address information including zip code, city, state/province, and country. Designate one author as the corresponding author, who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication, and put his/her email, preferably institutional email, at the end of the affiliation section. One corresponding author is preferred for each manuscript; No more than two corresponding authors are allowed. Please also provide the ORCID of each author.

The Abstract should be a single paragraph of up to 300 words, which does not have references, and does not contain any non-essential abbreviations or acronyms. We encourage authors to follow the style of structured abstracts, but without headings:

(1) Purpose: Place the research question in a broad context, and highlight the research purpose;

(2) Methodology: Describe the main methods applied in the article briefly;

(3) Results: Sum up the main results of the article;

(4) Conclusions: Present the main conclusions or interpretations of the results;

(5) Implications: Briefly explain how the findings contribute to the research question. Do not include results which are not presented and substantiated in the main text or exaggerate the main conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article. It must be able to stand alone.

List five to eight common keywords in the subject discipline, which are specific to the article. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

The Introduction section should place the study briefly in a broad context, and clearly define its purpose and importance, including the specific hypotheses being tested. Plus, the current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully, and supported by relevant publications. In addition, the main aim, methodology, and conclusions of the work should be summed up in a concise thesis statement. This section should be written in language that will be comprehensible to readers working outside the topic.

The Methodology section should be written concisely, yet provide enough details to allow others to replicate and build on published results. The well-established methods can be introduced briefly with proper citations. Do not describe these published methods in details. In contrast, detailed descriptions are required for new methods. If Generative AI assisted the analysis, statistical code, simulations, or data processing, include a GenAI Use Disclosure in this section stating the tool/provider, model/version, date(s) of use, purpose, and how outputs were checked by the authors.

The Results section should describe the results concisely and precisely, provide their interpretation, and draw possible conclusions from the results.

The Discussion section should interpret the results in perspective of previous studies and the working hypotheses, and report the research findings and implications in the broadest context possible. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

The Conclusions section should clarify the main conclusions of the research, highlighting its significance and relevance. The limitations of the work and the directions of future research may also be mentioned. Please contain nothing not substantiated in the main text. Do not make this section a mere repetition of the Abstract.

Each author is expected to contribute significantly to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; or have drafted the work or substantively revised it; and has approved the submitted version (and version substantially edited by journal staff that involves the author’s contribution to the study); and agrees to be personally accountable for the author’s own contributions and for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and documented in the literature. If the research article has several authors who have contributed substantially to the work, the authors are required to list the contributions of each author in the following statement: “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” The relevant terms are explained at the CRediT taxonomy.

Authors must state how the research and publication of their article was funded, by naming each funder followed by the associated grant number in round brackets. All funding sources of the study should be listed in this standard way: “This work is funded by name of funder (Grant No.: XXX).” Do not include details on the program or type of grants and awards. Please use the standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding.

For research involving human participants, human biological materials, or identifiable human data, authors must obtain informed consent to participate where required by applicable laws, ethical standards, and the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee. The form of consent should be appropriate to the study and documented in accordance with the approved research protocol.

For participants who are minors or unable to provide informed consent, consent must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian, or other legally authorised representative, together with the participant’s assent where appropriate.

If the requirement for informed consent has been waived by an institutional review board or ethics committee, the manuscript must state the name of the approving body and the reason for the waiver. Studies using anonymous public data or fully de-identified secondary data should state why individual consent was not required.

Separate written consent for publication must be obtained when a manuscript contains identifiable personal information, photographs, videos, case details, or other material through which an individual could reasonably be identified. Removing a participant’s name does not necessarily provide sufficient anonymity.

Authors should include one of the following statements in the manuscript, as applicable:

The information in square brackets should be replaced with the relevant institutional and study-specific details. Authors must retain the relevant consent documentation and provide confirmation to the journal upon request. Consent forms should not be submitted unless specifically requested, as they may contain confidential personal information.

Studies involving human participants, identifiable human data, human biological materials, or animals must obtain approval from an appropriate institutional review board or ethics committee before the research begins, where such approval is required by applicable laws, institutional policies, or ethical standards.

For research involving humans, approval should be obtained from an Institutional Review Board, Human Research Ethics Committee, or equivalent authorised body. For research involving animals, approval should be obtained from an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Animal Ethics Committee, or equivalent authorised body.

Authors must provide the name of the approving institution or committee, together with the approval number and date where available. The research must be conducted in accordance with the approved protocol and relevant ethical guidelines. The journal may request supporting documentation during editorial assessment or peer review.

Authors should include one of the following statements in the manuscript, as applicable:

The information in square brackets should be replaced with the relevant institutional and study-specific details. Authors should not independently declare that ethical approval was unnecessary when institutional or national requirements call for a formal determination. Retrospective ethical approval obtained after the research has begun is generally not acceptable.

This section intends to clarify the sources of the data supporting the research results. If no data is reported in the work, please state “Not applicable” here. Otherwise, you can simply state “The data used to support the research findings are available from the corresponding author upon request” or follow template examples of a data availability statement:

Anyone who contributed to the research or manuscript, but not a listed author, should be acknowledged. This may include technical support, material donation, etc. Do not repeat the support already covered by Author Contributions or Funding. Do not include thanks to anonymous reviewers and editors, inessential words, or effusive comments. If GenAI was used beyond minor language editing for writing/formatting support, include the GenAI Use Disclosure here.

Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of the research results. This section must declare any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. State “The authors declare no conflicts of interest” or declare conflicts of interest in the following form:

A (author name) serves as a consultant to organization X (entity name); B (author name) is a paid expert of institute Y (entity name); C received a research grant from enterprise Z (entity name).

The authors declare whether generative artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors remain fully responsible for the content of the work and for ensuring its accuracy, originality, and compliance with ethical and publishing standards. Generative AI tools may not be listed as authors.

The use of generative AI to fabricate data, results, references, or to substantially replace human intellectual contribution is not permitted.

Following the APA style, References must be numbered in the order of appearance in the text (including citations in figures and tables) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript.

Only one publication can be listed for each number. All authors should be included in reference lists. The DOI should be attached to the end of a reference if the reference has one indeed. You may find DOI at http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/#.

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychol. Pop. Media. Cu., 8(3), 207-217. h​ttps://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185.

Parenthetical citation: (Grady et al., 2019)

Narrative citation: Grady et al. (2019)

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychol. Pop. Media. Cu., 8, Article ID: 19875.

Parenthetical citation: (Grady et al., 2019)

Narrative citation: Grady et al. (2019)

Hunter, J. E. & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings. Sage.

Parenthetical citation: (Hunter & Schmidt, 2004)

Narrative citation: Hunter & Schmidt (2004)

Galaskiewicz, J. & Colman, M. S. (2006). Collaboration between corporations and non-profit organizations. In The Non-profit Sector: A Research Handbook (pp. 180–204). Yale University Press.

Parenthetical citation: (Galaskiewicz & Colman, 2006)

Narrative citation: Galaskiewicz & Colman (2006)

Liu, L. & Miao, H. (2004). A specification-based approach to testing polymorphic attributes. In Formal Methods and Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods. (ICFEM 2004), Seattle, WA, USA (pp. 306-319). h​ttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30482-1_28.

Parenthetical citation: (Liu & Miao, 2004)

Narrative citation: Liu & Miao (2004)

Barrett, R. M. (2003). Convertible vertical take-off and landing miniature aerial vehicle (Patent No. 6-502–787). U.S. Patent.

Parenthetical citation: (Barrett, 2003)

Narrative citation: Barrett (2003)

IEEE Standard 308-2020. (2020). IEEE Standard Criteria for Class 1E Power Systems for Nuclear Power Generating Stations.

Parenthetical citation: (IEEE Standard 308-2020, 2020)

Narrative citation: IEEE Standard 308-2020 (2020)

Kabir, J. M. (2016a). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty [Phdthesis/Mastersthesis]. Wilmington University, USA.

Parenthetical citation: (Kabir, 2016a)

Narrative citation: Kabir (2016a)

HuffPost. (2019). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. h​ttps://w​ww.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e

Parenthetical citation: (HuffPost, 2019)

Narrative citation: HuffPost (2019)

Davis, J. H. & Cogdell, J. R. (1987). Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna (No. NGL-006-69-3). Austin, TX, USA.

Parenthetical citation: (Davis & Cogdell, 1987)

Narrative citation: Davis & Cogdell (1987)

If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A1), Eq. (A2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A1; Figure A1, etc. All appendices must be cited in the main text.

You can flexibly use tenses, provided that they are proper and clear. Several tenses can appear in the same sentence. As a general guide, the past tense is preferred for the authors' actions, and research results, the present tense is preferred for the title, narrations, and results analysis, and the future tense is preferred for predictions of future research trends.

Acronyms/Abbreviations/Initialisms should be defined the first time they appear in each of three sections: the Abstract; the main text; the first figure or table. When defined for the first time, the acronym/abbreviation/initialism should be added in parentheses after the written-out form. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

All the physical quantities and units of measurement in the paper must comply with the International System of Units (SI) and their abbreviations should be used. Imperial, US customary and other units should be converted to SI units whenever possible.

Wherever the application domain uses a different set of units widely, please minimize the use of non-standard units or non-standard symbols for those units. Please leave a regular space or non-breaking space between each value and the measurement unit. The authors are encouraged to render the numbers specifying the dot as a decimal separator, and the comma as a thousand separator, e.g., 1,000,000.

You are strongly recommended to use MathType or Microsoft Equation Editor to edit equations. Equations should be editable rather than appear in a picture format.

Tables must be provided in an editable format and must not be submitted as images. Authors are encouraged to create tables using Microsoft Word’s embedded table functions or Microsoft Excel. Tables must not be constructed manually using spaces or tabs. All figures and tables should be inserted in the main text close to their first citation and numbered consecutively in the order of their appearance (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.; Table 1, Table 2, etc.).

A concise and explanatory caption should be placed directly below each figure, and each table must be provided with a short, descriptive title placed above the table. Please note that each figure and table must be referenced within the text by its designated number (e.g., Figure 1, Table 2).

For digital preparation, figures should be supplied at a resolution sufficient for high-quality publication. We generally recommend a minimum of 300 dpi for colour or greyscale images (photographs and halftones) and 600 dpi for line drawings (graphs, charts, and schematic diagrams). Figures are preferably prepared in colour (RGB, 8-bit per channel), as there is no additional charge for online publication of full-colour graphics. However, to avoid potential technical issues during the print conversion process, authors are strongly encouraged to also submit suitable black-and-white versions of all colour figures.

While a file-size limit may be imposed during the online submission stage (e.g., to facilitate upload), this restriction applies solely to the submission system and is not a criterion for final publication quality. Should the file size of a high-resolution figure exceed the system's upload threshold, authors may be requested to provide the original, uncompressed high-resolution files upon acceptance. AI-generated images or graphical elements must be clearly disclosed in the figure caption and, where appropriate, in the Methods or another relevant section of the manuscript. Authors must transparently report the name of the AI tool used and describe how it was used to generate or modify the image or graphical element. Synthetic data or synthetic visualizations must be explicitly identified as synthetic and must not be presented as empirical observations. Author-created conceptual or schematic illustrations are not considered synthetic content, but should be clearly described as conceptual or schematic where appropriate.

Before sending your article to an Acadlore journal, please check for the final time the items in the following list:

(1) The manuscript falls in the scope of the journal.

(2) Use the MS Word template of this journal to prepare your manuscript.

(3) The manuscript has been “spellchecked” and “grammar-checked”.

(4) All authors have approved the contents of the manuscript.

(5) At least one author has been designated as the corresponding author.

(6) All references are in the correct format and cited in the main text.

(7) Permission has been obtained for using copyrighted material from other sources.

(8) Author biography and black-and-white figures are ready (both are optional).

(9) GenAI Use Disclosure included where applicable (tool/provider, model/version, date, purpose, human verification).

(10) Any synthetic/illustrative figures or data are clearly labeled in captions and text.

Please submit your article via our own manuscript processing system: Submission

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique string of characters used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI assigned to an online document published by Acadlore never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal way to use the DOI to create a URL hyperlink to your published article.

One set of page proofs will be emailed to the corresponding author, or a link will be provided in the email for him/her to download the files themselves. You may mark the corrections in the files, or list the corrections clearly point by point. Please focus on the typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text. At this stage, significant changes to the article are not allowed. Please send back your corrections in one communication to help us catch up with the publishing schedule.

The corresponding author will be provided with a file of the published article via email. If he/she opts for paper offprints, he/she must indicate this preference to the journal editor once the article is accepted. The paper offprints will incur an extra charge. If he/she has any inquiries, please contact info@acadlore.com.