Purpose: This study aims to explore auditor’s perceptions of CEOs overconfidence in Egypt as one of the emerging countries. Design/methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental study is used on a sample comprises of 101 practicing auditors at public accounting firms in Egypt to assess (i) CEO overconfidence in a case scenario, (ii) the quality of earnings that would be provided by this overconfident CEO, and (iii) how overconfident CEO would be considered when they are assessing fraud risk, audit risk, audit effort and audit fees. Findings: The results suggest that not all the auditors in the sample were able to discover the same degree of overconfidence personal traits in a case scenario, and it was done by the sense, and they generally agree that overconfident CEO are more likely to provide lower earnings quality. Accordingly, they raise their assessment for audit fees as a result of an increase in fraud risk, audit risk, and audit effort. Practical implications: This study has significant implications for accounting and auditing professionals, market participants and regulators; where auditors should consider the overconfidence of the CEO during the audit process, market participants should consider managerial overconfidence when they are making investment decisions. Moreover, this study highlights the gap between auditing standards and the professional practice; which requires regulators to consider personal overconfidence traits as an indicator of financial reporting risk. Originality/value: This study helps in filling a gap in the literature; where auditor’s perceptions of CEOs overconfidence have not been fully investigated in emerging economies.

Purpose: This research is carried out to investigate the influence of firm characteristics and good governance characteristics to earnings management behavior. Furthermore, the research is expanded to determine the predictive discretionary accruals models in Indonesia. The author utilizing firm listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2014 – 2018 as research object. Design/methodology/approach: The research samples is selected by utilizing the purposive sampling method. In addition, the data analyze is conducted through E-Views version 10. Three discretionary accruals models is used to define earnings management behavior. The research assumed firm characteristics factors such as financial performance, firm size, leverage, and share issuance activity and good governance characteristics such as board of directors’ size and auditor’s size. Findings: The research discovers that firm characteristics can accentuate the earnings management behavior significantly. In other hand, in good corporate governance characteristics only big four auditor is significant. The research also find that discretionary accruals model of Jones, Dechow, and Kothari are predictive in Indonesia. Practical implications: The discoveries of this research provide understanding for investors that enforcement on both governance and monitoring mechanism are essential approach to reduce earnings management behavior. Originality/value: The research investigated three models of discretionary accruals’ capability in predicting earnings management behavior, and found out all discretionary accruals model are still relevant to be use in predictive to define earnings management behavior in Indonesia.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the impact of financial inclusion and banking performance in Indonesia. The study uses 4 financial inclusion indicators, among others: (i) the ratio of third-party funds to gross domestic income, (ii) the ratio of credit to gross domestic income, (iii) the number of ATMS, (iv) the number of branch offices. Design/methodology/approach: The purposive sampling method is used to select the research sample. The descriptive statistical test and hypothesis test is used to analyze the data using e-eviews program. This research uses the population of data from the National Banking annual report either go public or not during the year 2014 to the year 2018. The study assumed financial inclusion can increase bank performance. Findings: By conducting a regression analysis, researchers found that several indicators of financial inclusion can help improve banking performance using ROA and NIM ratios, as well as some indicators of financial inclusion that do not demonstrate its influence. The results of this study drove banking as one of the formal financial institutions to increase financial inclusion. Banks can earn more profit if financial inclusion increases. Practical implications: These findings will be very helpful to government or management to maximize their firm performance using provides services that are able to accommodate the needs of the society, whether it has a small business (SME) and the overall economic development. Originality/value: This article provides a new insight of some indicators of financial inclusion that do not demonstrate its influence to banking performance.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is arguing about the statements, related with the elements to differentiate the profit, mentioned which are mentioned within the footnotes of the financial tables by analyzing those elements differentiating the TAS-TFRS profit from the profit calculated due to statutory records. Further; the savings on TAS-TFRS profit also the matters caused by savings are aimed to be evaluating within the framework of the study. Hence it is targeted to contribute for the discussion and prediction of TAS-TFRS profit. Methodology of the Study: The savings on TAS-TFRS profit are evaluated by analyzing those elements differentiating the TAS-TFRS profit from the profit calculated due to statutory records. Findings of the Study: Financial statements being prepared within the framework of the “Tax Legislation” and “General Communiqué on Accounting System Application (GCASA)” in Turkey are converted to another form those are available for the Turkish Accounting Standards (TAS)-Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS) by the companies meeting the requirements of reporting due to TAS- TFRS. At the end of the transformation held; the amount of profit calculated according to TAS-TFRS is differentiated from the profit amount within the statutory records. Despite of the existence of numerous reasons for the mentioned differentiation of profit amount, the two substantial elements here are suggested to be “the differences in valuation” besides “deferred taxes occurred because of corporate tax investment incentives”. Importance of the Study: The elements are mentioned within the study to ensure realizing the TAS-TFRS profit and discussing the savings on TAS-TFRS profit according to the users of financial statements. The absence of any academic study relating the topic within the literature makes this research important.

Aim of the Study: The main objective of our research, for the solutions of management, finance and accounting issues and auditing problems of SMEs is to reveal the benefits of independent audit. Methodology of the Study: Administrative, financial, and accounting problems of SMEs will be explained and the role of independent audit in solving these problems will be presented. Findings of the Study: We assume that the findings of this study will contribute towards the enhancement of good corporate governance that alleviates agency problems in business organizations. Importance of the Study: The enterprises have been becoming international along with the rapid transformation in the world trade in recent years. It is now mandatory to develop a common language in the field of accounting and auditing for the reason that enterprises are operating in different countries. At the end of this process, it has been implemented a worldwide uniformity with “International Accounting Standards" and "International auditing standards". The relevant changes were made in independent auditing for SMEs under certain criteria in order to adapt uniformity with new Turkish commercial code in our country. Independent audit as a result of economic change will become unavoidably compulsory for SMEs, which are over a certain scale, beyond that, the independent audit for the SMEs will be made on a voluntary basis in the interests their own in the future. We assume that the findings of this study will contribute towards the enhancement of good corporate governance that alleviates agency problems in business organizations. The findings have several implications regarding board members, managers, and organizations. Establishing corporate governance mechanisms and resolving agency issues are among the boards’ primary responsibilities.

Purpose: This study aims to look at the influence of religiosity, profit and loss sharing and corporate image on consumer intentions of Muamalat bank financing in Madiun. Design/methodology/approach: this study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 220 Muslim respondents in Madiun. And data analysis used smart PLS. Findings: The results of the analysis found that religiosity has a significant positive effect on consumer intentions, profit and loss sharing has a significant negative effect on customer intentions and corporate image does not affect consumers' intention of Muamalat bank financing in Madiun. Practical implications: From the results will be as a marketing strategy to increase customers financing Muamalat banks, and find out the factors - factors that influence consumer intentions by looking at community religiosity and giving a low perception of profit and loss sharing of Muamalat bank financing in Madiun. Originality/value: The factor of religiosity can increase the consumer's intention of Muamalat bank financing in Madiun and the perception of profit and loss sharing can reduce the consumer's intention of Muamalat bank financing in Madiun.

Aim: The accountancy of Business revenues is an important factor to present the financial results. To make these results comparable at the international level, the new standard IFRS- 15 was developed by the two international standard determinants: The International Financial Accountancy Standards Board and The US GAAP. The new standard TFRS-15 of The Customer Contract Revenue Standard is designed for reconciling between the current two TMS-18 Revenue standard and TMS-11 construction contract and providing better comparison among the businesses, sectors and markets, and complying with the necessary explanations. Methodology: It is much easier to create financial tables by using only one standard. On January 1, 2018, the new standard was replaced with TMS-18 Revenue and TMS-11 Construction Contract standards and their interpretations. The new international standard was introduced on May 28, 2014 after countless international meetings with many participants and so many international discussions and comments taking many years. IASB and FASB postponed the initial starting date from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2018 and so did Turkey. Thus, the standard will be analyzed and evaluated from this perspective. Findings: The revenue obtained from customers’ contracts should be explained in the deep notes in the new standard based on five stage-model of TFRS-15. Whether the new standard has any impact on business and, if any, how much impact it has on them depends on the industries. It is possible to say that the TFRS-15 standard could not succeed to diminish the discretion of the revenue description. Importance: The purpose of this study is to make cumulative knowledge contribution to the literature by means of explaining and evaluating the subject using enriched and international literature.