Achieve to optimal financial leverage for achieving to maximum profitable, value and minimum capital are important topics of research that studies by financial experts. Economic researchers found that capital structure and firms performance are affiliated with each other but the relationship between them according to financial operations in international affairs is not the same and according to country type depends on financial structure and economic conditions. The aim of the present article is to evaluate the mutual relationship between financial leverage and firm performance concerning the moderating role of the firm size. Given that, the financial information of 108 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were used during the financial period from 2005 to 2014. Multivariable regression model was employed for hypotheses testing. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial leverage and firm performance and the firm size has no moderating effect on the relationship between the two variables. Moreover, there is a negative and significant relationship between financial leverage and the changes of firm performance and the firm size has no moderating impact on these relationships. On the other hand, there is a negative and significant relationship between firm performance and the changes of financial leverage. Similarly, the moderating effect of the firm size was not significant in these relationships.

This study aims at empirically examining the influences of bankruptcy prediction score, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent commissioner, and board meeting on the going concern audit opinion for the period 2008-2014. By using purposive sampling technique, data were gathered from annual audited financial reports of 11 companies that were taken as research sample. All of the reports were published by Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2014. Based on the logistic regression model, the study found that the bankruptcy prediction of Altman Z-Score has a significant influence on the release of going concern audit opinion by the auditor. Meanwhile, the other independent variables showed insignificant influences toward the going concern audit opinion for non-bank financial institutions listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange.

The objectives of this paper are to ascertain and assess the role of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in Maltese public finance, analyzing its operational effectiveness and the barriers to it, and assessing its relationships with major stakeholders. The research methodology involves the conduct of nineteen semi-structured interviews, attendance to one PAC sitting, a review of applicable PAC transcripts, and an examination of relevant legislative pieces governing the PAC. The study finds that PAC is fulfilling a wide proportion of its remit, recently exercising an improved role. However, the reoccurrence of errors and weaknesses within the public sector highlights the need for the Committee to investigate further areas falling within its scope, thus acting as a deterrent to the misuse of public funds. Additionally, improvements in the PAC’s operational effectiveness are called for, particularly with regard to its structure and member composition, as well as its communication of end results and follow-ups. The appointment and participation of technical expertise in PAC meetings, and the widening of the PAC’s mandate to incorporate broader topics would also be conducive to enhanced effectiveness. In addition, while the Committee’s relationships with its major stakeholders are deemed positive, it is evident that there is still room for improvement. The PAC is instrumental in the conduct of effective financial scrutiny and oversight, which in turn enhances its contribution to the proper management of Maltese public finances. Yet, achieving a strong impact may be restricted by the existence of barriers that are impeding the Committee’s operational effectiveness. While the surmounting of such obstacles becomes highly relevant for the PAC to retain its watchdog function, the maintenance of effective relationships with its main stakeholders is also necessary if it is to make the most of such links. It is hoped that this paper contributes to +further progress in the PAC’s operations and in the public sector’s use of public resources.

Since audit has a great importance in preventing, consulting and finding cases of funds misuse, it was thought of analyzing the factors that contribute to increasing the efficiency of internal audit in the public sector which would help to set proper and more transparent governance of public financial resources. This study investigated the relationship between effectiveness and contributing factors. The data for the study were collected through an online questionnaire and direct hand-outs of such. The results of the empirical analysis proved that effectiveness has a positive relationship with internal audit quality, the competence of the internal audit team, the independence of internal audit, as well as with the support of internal audit from the management. Moreover, it was confirmed that audit quality is the fundamental element of the effectiveness of internal audit since it was among the most influential factors in the sample.

Objective of this study is to examine the economic value added (EVA) approach, which is a value-based performance measurement method, and the calculation of this approach from the methods used to measure financial performance. In this context, an application has been presented for the examination and comparison of holdings and investment companies in terms of economic value, using annual financial statement data for holding companies and investment companies traded in Stock Exchange Istanbul 100 index in Turkey in 2016. In the application part, 9 holding and investment companies were examined and compared in terms of economic added value. In the practice part of the study, companies that can access paid dividend data for the last five years are included in the holding companies and investment companies sector, while the other companies are excluded from the research. According to the findings of the study, when the holdings and investment companies examined in the study are evaluated in general for 2016, Hacı Ömer Sabancı Holding Joint Stock Company, which has the highest EVA value and the best financial performance. (-787.415.407,65) and Eczacıbaşı Investment Holding Partnership Joint Stock Company (- 117.686.290,15) cannot create value for their shareholders with EVA value, whereas the existing Have consumed their capital. It has been found that they cannot create shareholder value with EVA value and consume their existing capital instead of creating value.

This study aims to investigate the effect of board diversities to the intellectual capital performance by also testing the board meetings effectiveness. Using the data from knowledge-intensive companies from 2012-2015, we found that board meetings effectiveness increase the positive effects of board diversities (i.e. gender, educational level, nationality and the extent of board independent) to the intellectual capital performance except nationality diversity. We however, cannot provide convincing evidence that nationality diversity affect the intellectual capital. The implications of our study indicate that corporate governance structure, particularly regarding the companies’ oversight function, have an important roles in enhancing the intellectual capital performance.