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[1] Jinca, M.Y. (1994). Das Interinsularepersonen Seeverkhers System und seine Beziehungen Zur Regionalentewicklung in Ost-Indonesia. Verlag Köster, Berlin.
[2] Ralahalu, K.A., Jinca, M.Y., Siahaan, L.D., Sihaloho, A. (2013). Pembangunan transportasi kepulauan di Indonesial. Surabaya (in Indonesian). https://perpus.ivet.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1028, accessed March 2, 2022.
[3] Taormina, R.J., Gao, J.H. (2013). Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2): 155-177. [Crossref]
[4] Angelopoulos, J., Vitsounis, T., Paflioti, P., Chlomoudis, C., Tsmourgelis, I. (2021). Reflecting economic activity through ports: The case of Australia. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100021. [Crossref]
[5] Moura, T.G.Z., Chen, Z.L., Garcia-Alonso, L. (2019). Spatial interaction effects on inland distribution of maritime flows. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 128: 1-10. [Crossref]
[6] Kambu, Z., Jinca, M.Y., Pallu, M.S., Ramli, M.I. (2022). Meta synthesis of community participation model on trans-Paopua Road development. Civil Engineeering Journal, 8(11): 2476-289. [Crossref]
[7] Xi, Y.L., Miller, E.J. (2019). Accessibility: definitions, measurement & implications for transportation planning analysis. Transportation Research Procedia, 41: 159-161. [Crossref]
[8] Boviatsis, M., Vlachos, G. (2023). Proactive steps towards sustainable shipping: Assessing maritime accidents of the past to prevent similar incidents in the future. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 7(1): 13-20. [Crossref]
[9] Sulastriani R., Jinca, M.Y, Misliah. (2022). Development of Sea Transportation Development for the Islands of the Makassar Municipality. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 19(2): 31-36. [Crossref]
[10] Sihaloho, A., Jinca, M.Y. (2013). Performance of trans Maluku crossing transportation in supporting socio-economic activities of the community. Transportation Research Report, 24(4): 327-334. [Crossref]
[11] Aghajanzadeh, M., Aghabayk, K., Esmailpour, J., De Gruyter, C. (2022). Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) of metro service attributes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case studies on transport policy, 10(3): 1661-1672. [Crossref]
[12] Sumrit, D., Sowijit, K. (2023). Winning customer satisfaction toward omnichannel logistics service quality based on an integrated importance-performance analysis and three-factor theory: Insight from Thailand. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(4): 531-543. [Crossref]
[13] Kapros, S., Panou, C. (2007). Chapter 10 Coastal shipping and intermodality in Greece: The weak link. Research in Transportation Economics, 21: 323-342. [Crossref]
[14] Yuliani, A., Lestari, E.M. (2014). Evaluation of sea transportation services to support tourism in the West Nusa Tenggara Region. Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, 26(4): 241-252.
[15] Siswoyo, B. (2016). Public Perception of safety equipment for maritime ships and crossings in Maluku Province. Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, 28(2): 146-156.
[16] Pratiwi, R. (2019). Evaluation of ship service performance at the port of Makassar. Doctoral dissertation. Universitas Hasanuddin.
[17] Firmansyah, S., Anwar, M. R., Pujiraharjo, A. (2016). Study of Makassar port development in supporting loading and unloading flows at Makassar port. Engineering Journal Civil, 10(1): 10-20.
[18] Lekakou, M.B. (2007). Chapter 8 The eternal conundrum of Greek coastal shipping. Research in transportation economics, 21: 257-296. [Crossref]
[19] Park, J.S., Seo, Y.J., Ha, M.H. (2019). The role of maritime, land, and air transportation in economic growth: Panel evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries. Research in Transportation Economics, 78: 100765. [Crossref]
[20] Roberts, S., Lewis-Cameron, A. (2010). 1 - Small island developing states: Issues and prospects. Marketing Island Destinations: Concepts and cases, 1-10. [Crossref]
[21] Lewis-Cameron, A., Roberts, S. (2010). The competitive island destination. In: Lewis-Cameron, A., Roberts, S. (eds.). Marketing Island Destinations, Routledge, pp. 179-185. [Crossref]
[22] Konstantinus, A. (2021). Short sea shipping: Stated intentions of shipowners and operators in the Southern Africa Development Community Region. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100015. [Crossref]
[23] Ishiguro, K., Inamura, H. (2005). Identification and elimination of barriers in the operations and management of maritime transportation. Research in Transportation Economics, 13: 337-368. [Crossref]
[24] Wang, W., Wu, Y.W. (2021). Is uncertainty always bad for the performance of transportation systems?. Communications in Transportation Research, 1: 100021. [Crossref]
[25] Lakshmanan, T.R. (2011). The broader economic consequences of transport infrastructure investments. Journal of transport geography, 19(1): 1-12. [Crossref]
[26] Burns, M.G. (2021). Transportation safety and security. International Encyclopedia of Transportation, pp. 47-52. [Crossref]
[27] Faturachman, D., Mustafa, S. (2012). Performance of safety sea transportation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57: 368-372. [Crossref]
[28] Pourramazani, H., Garcia, J.L.M. (2023). Evaluating urban transportation accessibility: A Systematic review of access dimensions and indicators. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 7(4): 331-339. [Crossref]
[29] Tuan, V.A., Van Truong, N., Tetsuo, S., An, N.N. (2022). Public transport service quality: Policy prioritization strategy in the importance-performance analysis and the three-factor theory frameworks. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 166: 118-134. [Crossref]
[30] de Oliveira, H.C., You, J., Coelho, A.P. (2021). Governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100023. [Crossref]
[31] Jinca, M.Y., Humang, W.P. (2023). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Transportasi Wilayah Kepulauan. Nas Media Pustaka. https://edeposit.perpusnas.go.id/collection/perencanaan-dan-pengembangan-transportasi-wilayah-kepulauan-sumber-elektronis/113475.
[32] Humang, W.P., Hadiwardoyo, S.P. (2019). Factors influencing the integration of freight distribution networks in the Indonesian archipelago: A structural equation modeling approach. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems, 4(3): 278-286. [Crossref]
[33] Boley, B.B., McGehee, N.G., Hammett, A.T. (2017). Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism Management, 58: 66-77. [Crossref]
[34] Paddeu, D., Fancello, G., Fadda, P. (2017). An experimental customer satisfaction index to evaluate the performance of city logistics services. Transport, 32(3): 262-271. [Crossref]
[35] Rodriguez-Valencia, A., Rosas-Satizabal, D., Paris, D. (2019). Importance-performance analysis in public transportation: Methodological revision for practical implementation. Transportation Research Record, 2673(2): 710-723. [Crossref]
[36] Shaaban, K., Khalil, R.F. (2013). Investigating the customer satisfaction of the bus service in Qatar. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104: 865-874. [Crossref]
[37] Bugheanu, A.M. (2015). SWOT analysis of public transport system in Bucharest. Management Research and Practice, 7(1): 14-31.
[38] Dunn, W.N. (2018). Public Policy Analysis. Routledge, New York, USA. [Crossref]
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Open Access
Research article

Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach

mafrisal1,2,
muhammad yamin jinca3*,
muhammad saleh s. ali4,
muhammad asdar5
1
Development Studies Graduate School, Hasanuddin University Makassar, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
2
Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic, 82111 Bali, Indonesia
3
Transportation Engineering, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
4
Department of Agricultural Socio-Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
5
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
International Journal of Transport Development and Integration
|
Volume 8, Issue 1, 2024
|
Pages 79-89
Received: 11-12-2023,
Revised: 01-11-2024,
Accepted: 01-25-2024,
Available online: 03-30-2024
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

In the archipelago of Makassar, Indonesia, maritime resources within the sectors of trade, fisheries, and tourism present a significant opportunity to elevate community welfare across small rural islands. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the existing inter-island transportation system and formulate strategies for the development of sea transportation between these islands. Employing a comprehensive integrated planning approach (IPAp), the research utilizes correlation analysis, importance performance analysis (IPA), the problem orientation policy model, and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). Through both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods, the investigation delineates the critical role and performance of inter-island sea transportation, laying the groundwork for the establishment of policy priorities aimed at enhancing these services. Findings indicate that the facilities and infrastructure of inter-island transportation are pivotal, with correlation R ranging from 0.565 to 0.7602. However, the current performance of inter-island sea transportation services across all island clusters remains below par, with user satisfaction levels ranging from 38% to 50%. This underscores the necessity for a targeted action program focused on the development of sustainable transportation facilities and infrastructure. Such initiatives are essential for the formulation and revision of local transportation development plans, providing a foundation for infrastructure investment decisions that support the growth of marine and maritime economy in archipelagic areas.

Keywords: Regional island development, Integrated planning approach, Sustainable transportation, Transportation performance

1. Introduction

South Sulawesi has 120 islands in the Spermonde Islands region, 12 of which are within the administrative area of Makassar City. The geographical distance between islands is far apart, and the distribution of population is uneven. Marine and maritime resources have the potential to prosper the community if supported by a well-performing production and transportation system. This requires support for the performance of a sea transportation service system with good inter-island connectivity.

Theoretically and factually, island transportation is a supporting facility and developer of island cluster development that has the economic potential of natural resources in supporting the acceleration and expansion of economic development for the welfare of the community [1, 2]. Similarly, in the Spermonde region of Makassar, transportation services are important considering that the region has tourism and fisheries potential that can be developed to support the development of the economic sector of the rural small island cluster.

The socio-economic conditions of the community indicate that 75% are at a less prosperous and underprivileged level, with family incomes averaging around $200 US per month and an average of 4 dependent family members. The societal socio-economic conditions are situated at the level of fulfilling physiological and safety needs, as well as social needs [3]. The anticipated role of transportation leans more towards a social function, aiming to provide transportation facilities and infrastructure with adequate capacity and accessibility, affordable rates, efficiency, and safety.

The function of inter-island transportation serves as the vital infrastructure supporting blue and maritime economic activities. It constitutes a fundamental element in facilitating community engagement in various sectors, including inter-island trade, fisheries, tourism, and other social systems. However, the current role falls short of effectively supporting community socio-economic activities and fails to expedite economic development, leading to insufficient enhancement of investment and regional economic competitiveness. Consequently, it lacks a multiplier effect on consumption, community capital, per capita income, and regional income [4].

The main problem with inter-island transportation services on small islands is that the performance of inter-island transportation facilities and infrastructure in supporting the economy of island communities is still inadequate and not optimal [1, 5]. This requires support for the performance of the sea transportation service system with good inter-island connectivity [6]. For this reason, a problem-based policy strategy concept is needed in developing infrastructure networks and transportation services that are efficient, effective, and sustainable [7].

The benefit of research is to enrich analytical methods for the development of transportation in the archipelagic region. As input for the development of local transportation development plans (Tatralok) for small islands in the island group, thereby increasing accessibility in remote, protected, underdeveloped, and rural island areas. This area has the potential for regional economic development by supporting the blue economy and the maritime group of islands. In this way, there can be an increase in sustainable social and environmental economic activities and an increase in the welfare of the people of the archipelagic region through intrinsular sea transportation. Specifically, in the island area of Makassar City.

2. Literature Review

3. Research Methods

4. Results and Discussion

5. Discussion

6. Conclusions and Implications

The role of inter-island transportation facilities and infrastructure is excellent, particularly in its influence on fisheries and tourism economic activities (correlation R = 0.7645–0.8899). The availability of transportation facilities and infrastructure has a more pronounced impact on social activities, supporting trade activities, and inter-island mobility. The contribution of inter-island transport to environmental aspects is still low and negative (R = 0.1154–0.3742). The performance of inter-island transportation in supporting community activities for all areas of the island group is very low (satisfaction level 42.11%). There is still a gap between demand (importance) and supply (performance). Indicators that require management priorities for infrastructure and facilities are integration, efficiency, marine pollution, and comfort. The priorities for handling transportation facilities are related to safety, accessibility, rates, and punctuality factors. Management priorities for transportation infrastructure are ease of access, capacity, orderliness, and security.

The implications of this model should be operationalized with the principle of bottom-up planning according to the demand and interests of transportation services in the island community. Several indicators need to be reviewed before they are decided to become development objects, especially those that are high-performing but not too important for the community.

There are four practical implications of the model output in operational planning and development of transportation in archipelago areas, namely: 1) If importance (I) and performance (P) are low, then the transformation and compromise of variable suitability between the importance and performance of transportation services are carried out. 2) If importance (I) is higher than performance (P), then negotiations are held to discuss the concept of adjustment and cooperation in solving problems and choosing a priority scale. 3) If importance (I) is lower than performance (P), then policy formulation is carried out and the development of ideas is implemented by operational efficiency. 4) If importance (I) and performance (P) are both high, then it is more prospective, so it is necessary to implement actions, maintain variables in this condition, and carry out assignment actions and strategies according to the interests and achievements of the actions.

The contribution of this model can be used in policy formulation and revision of local transportation planning (Tatralok) to increase the role of inter-island transportation in supporting the economy of island regions.

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Jinca, M.Y. (1994). Das Interinsularepersonen Seeverkhers System und seine Beziehungen Zur Regionalentewicklung in Ost-Indonesia. Verlag Köster, Berlin.
[2] Ralahalu, K.A., Jinca, M.Y., Siahaan, L.D., Sihaloho, A. (2013). Pembangunan transportasi kepulauan di Indonesial. Surabaya (in Indonesian). https://perpus.ivet.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1028, accessed March 2, 2022.
[3] Taormina, R.J., Gao, J.H. (2013). Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2): 155-177. [Crossref]
[4] Angelopoulos, J., Vitsounis, T., Paflioti, P., Chlomoudis, C., Tsmourgelis, I. (2021). Reflecting economic activity through ports: The case of Australia. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100021. [Crossref]
[5] Moura, T.G.Z., Chen, Z.L., Garcia-Alonso, L. (2019). Spatial interaction effects on inland distribution of maritime flows. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 128: 1-10. [Crossref]
[6] Kambu, Z., Jinca, M.Y., Pallu, M.S., Ramli, M.I. (2022). Meta synthesis of community participation model on trans-Paopua Road development. Civil Engineeering Journal, 8(11): 2476-289. [Crossref]
[7] Xi, Y.L., Miller, E.J. (2019). Accessibility: definitions, measurement & implications for transportation planning analysis. Transportation Research Procedia, 41: 159-161. [Crossref]
[8] Boviatsis, M., Vlachos, G. (2023). Proactive steps towards sustainable shipping: Assessing maritime accidents of the past to prevent similar incidents in the future. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 7(1): 13-20. [Crossref]
[9] Sulastriani R., Jinca, M.Y, Misliah. (2022). Development of Sea Transportation Development for the Islands of the Makassar Municipality. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 19(2): 31-36. [Crossref]
[10] Sihaloho, A., Jinca, M.Y. (2013). Performance of trans Maluku crossing transportation in supporting socio-economic activities of the community. Transportation Research Report, 24(4): 327-334. [Crossref]
[11] Aghajanzadeh, M., Aghabayk, K., Esmailpour, J., De Gruyter, C. (2022). Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) of metro service attributes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case studies on transport policy, 10(3): 1661-1672. [Crossref]
[12] Sumrit, D., Sowijit, K. (2023). Winning customer satisfaction toward omnichannel logistics service quality based on an integrated importance-performance analysis and three-factor theory: Insight from Thailand. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(4): 531-543. [Crossref]
[13] Kapros, S., Panou, C. (2007). Chapter 10 Coastal shipping and intermodality in Greece: The weak link. Research in Transportation Economics, 21: 323-342. [Crossref]
[14] Yuliani, A., Lestari, E.M. (2014). Evaluation of sea transportation services to support tourism in the West Nusa Tenggara Region. Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, 26(4): 241-252.
[15] Siswoyo, B. (2016). Public Perception of safety equipment for maritime ships and crossings in Maluku Province. Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, 28(2): 146-156.
[16] Pratiwi, R. (2019). Evaluation of ship service performance at the port of Makassar. Doctoral dissertation. Universitas Hasanuddin.
[17] Firmansyah, S., Anwar, M. R., Pujiraharjo, A. (2016). Study of Makassar port development in supporting loading and unloading flows at Makassar port. Engineering Journal Civil, 10(1): 10-20.
[18] Lekakou, M.B. (2007). Chapter 8 The eternal conundrum of Greek coastal shipping. Research in transportation economics, 21: 257-296. [Crossref]
[19] Park, J.S., Seo, Y.J., Ha, M.H. (2019). The role of maritime, land, and air transportation in economic growth: Panel evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries. Research in Transportation Economics, 78: 100765. [Crossref]
[20] Roberts, S., Lewis-Cameron, A. (2010). 1 - Small island developing states: Issues and prospects. Marketing Island Destinations: Concepts and cases, 1-10. [Crossref]
[21] Lewis-Cameron, A., Roberts, S. (2010). The competitive island destination. In: Lewis-Cameron, A., Roberts, S. (eds.). Marketing Island Destinations, Routledge, pp. 179-185. [Crossref]
[22] Konstantinus, A. (2021). Short sea shipping: Stated intentions of shipowners and operators in the Southern Africa Development Community Region. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100015. [Crossref]
[23] Ishiguro, K., Inamura, H. (2005). Identification and elimination of barriers in the operations and management of maritime transportation. Research in Transportation Economics, 13: 337-368. [Crossref]
[24] Wang, W., Wu, Y.W. (2021). Is uncertainty always bad for the performance of transportation systems?. Communications in Transportation Research, 1: 100021. [Crossref]
[25] Lakshmanan, T.R. (2011). The broader economic consequences of transport infrastructure investments. Journal of transport geography, 19(1): 1-12. [Crossref]
[26] Burns, M.G. (2021). Transportation safety and security. International Encyclopedia of Transportation, pp. 47-52. [Crossref]
[27] Faturachman, D., Mustafa, S. (2012). Performance of safety sea transportation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57: 368-372. [Crossref]
[28] Pourramazani, H., Garcia, J.L.M. (2023). Evaluating urban transportation accessibility: A Systematic review of access dimensions and indicators. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 7(4): 331-339. [Crossref]
[29] Tuan, V.A., Van Truong, N., Tetsuo, S., An, N.N. (2022). Public transport service quality: Policy prioritization strategy in the importance-performance analysis and the three-factor theory frameworks. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 166: 118-134. [Crossref]
[30] de Oliveira, H.C., You, J., Coelho, A.P. (2021). Governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance. Maritime Transport Research, 2: 100023. [Crossref]
[31] Jinca, M.Y., Humang, W.P. (2023). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Transportasi Wilayah Kepulauan. Nas Media Pustaka. https://edeposit.perpusnas.go.id/collection/perencanaan-dan-pengembangan-transportasi-wilayah-kepulauan-sumber-elektronis/113475.
[32] Humang, W.P., Hadiwardoyo, S.P. (2019). Factors influencing the integration of freight distribution networks in the Indonesian archipelago: A structural equation modeling approach. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems, 4(3): 278-286. [Crossref]
[33] Boley, B.B., McGehee, N.G., Hammett, A.T. (2017). Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism Management, 58: 66-77. [Crossref]
[34] Paddeu, D., Fancello, G., Fadda, P. (2017). An experimental customer satisfaction index to evaluate the performance of city logistics services. Transport, 32(3): 262-271. [Crossref]
[35] Rodriguez-Valencia, A., Rosas-Satizabal, D., Paris, D. (2019). Importance-performance analysis in public transportation: Methodological revision for practical implementation. Transportation Research Record, 2673(2): 710-723. [Crossref]
[36] Shaaban, K., Khalil, R.F. (2013). Investigating the customer satisfaction of the bus service in Qatar. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104: 865-874. [Crossref]
[37] Bugheanu, A.M. (2015). SWOT analysis of public transport system in Bucharest. Management Research and Practice, 7(1): 14-31.
[38] Dunn, W.N. (2018). Public Policy Analysis. Routledge, New York, USA. [Crossref]
Appendix

Table A1. Description of transportation performance indicators

Factor

Indicators

Code

Description

Economic Attributes (XY1)

On time

XY11

Departure, arrival and waiting times

Smoothness

XY12

Travel time, delays, limited carrying capacity and discipline

Integrity

XY13

Inter & intermodal integration, ease of switching modes

Efficient

XY14

Community benefits versus costs

Social Culture Attributes (XY2)

Easy to reach

XY21

Ease of port access, cost and time efficiency

Capacity

XY22

Service network and infrastructure, ratio of cargo volume to fleet capacity

Accessibility

XY23

Ratio of service routes to number of islands

Regular

XY24

Schedule conformity, regularity, demand supply and management management

Affordable Rates

XY25

Appropriateness of tariffs and people's purchasing power

Environment Attributes (XY3)

Impact of pollution

XY31

Pollution that occurs (exhaust, water, noise, vibration)

Safety

XY32

Accident rate of infrastructure and facilities to movement,

Comfort

XY33

Comfort on board and in port, availability and quality of facilities

Orderly

XY34

Number of violations, compliance with laws and regulations

Security

XY35

Disruptions on board and in port

Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Mafrisal, Jinca, M. Y., Ali, M. S. S., & Asdar, M. (2024). Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach. Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., 8(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107
Mafrisal, M. Y. Jinca, M. S. S. Ali, and M. Asdar, "Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach," Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 79-89, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107
@research-article{Mafrisal2024StrategiesFE,
title={Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach},
author={Mafrisal and Muhammad Yamin Jinca and Muhammad Saleh S. Ali and Muhammad Asdar},
journal={International Journal of Transport Development and Integration},
year={2024},
page={79-89},
doi={https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107}
}
Mafrisal, et al. "Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, v 8, pp 79-89. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107
Mafrisal, Muhammad Yamin Jinca, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali and Muhammad Asdar. "Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 8, (2024): 79-89. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107
MAFRISAL， JINCA M Y， ALI M S S， et al. Strategies for Enhancing Inter-Island Transportation Performance in Makassar, Indonesia: An Integrated Planning Approach[J]. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration， 2024， 8(1)： 79-89. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080107