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[1] Rodrigue, J.-P., The Geography of Transport Systems, 3rd ed., Routledge: London, 2013.
[2] Murty, K.G., Liu, J., Wan, Y. & Linn, R., A decision support system for operations in a container terminal. Decision Support Systems, 39(3), pp. 309–332, 2005. [Crossref]
[3] Verbeeck, J., Investigating flexible demand for energy in a competitive logistic environment. E-Harbours Newsletter, 2, Showcase A1, 2012. http://eharbours.eu/wp-content/uploads/showcase_flyer_antwerp_120503.pdf
[4] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Wieschemann, A., Sustainable container terminals: A design approach. Handbook of Terminal Planning, Operations, ed. J. W. Böse, Springer Science+Business Media: New York, pp. 61–82, 2011.
[5] Froese, J. & Töter, S., Green and effective operations at terminals and in ports: The outcome. GreenPort, AUTUMN, pp. 28–38, 2014.
[6] Cao, Y., Improvement of CO2-Emission Estimation Method of Container Terminals. Master’s thesis, Transport, Infrastructure & Logistics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, 2015.
[7] Darbra, R.M., Ronza, A., Casal, J., Stojanovic, T.A. & Wooldridge, C., The self diagnosis method: A new methodology to assess environmental management in sea ports. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, pp. 420–428, 2004. [Crossref]
[8] Xin, J., Control and Coordination for Automated Container Terminals. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 2015.
[9] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Saanen, Y., Design of Systems and Operations in Container Terminals (Revision 10). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Centre for Maritime Economics and Logistics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2007.
[10] Liu, C.I., Jula, H. & Ioannou, P.A., Design, simulation, evaluation of automated container terminals. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 3(1), pp. 12–26, 2002. [Crossref]
[11] Saanen, Y., An Approach for Designing Robotised Maritime Container Terminals. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 2004.
[12] Roadknight, C., Aickelin, U. & Sherman, G., Validation of a micro simulation of the Port of Dover. Journal of Computational Science, 3(1–2), pp. 56–66, 2011.
[13] Dobson, I., Complex interacting infrastructure systems. HICSS ‘07: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ed. R. Sprague, IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, pp. 1–10, 2007.
[14] Campbell, J.F., Smith, L.D., Sweeny II, D.C.S., Mundy, R. & Nauss, R.M., Decision tools for reducing congestion at locks on the Upper Mississippi River. HICSS ’07: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ed. R. Sprague, IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, pp. 1–10, 2007.
[15] Smith, L.D., Sweeney, D.C., Campbell, J.F. & Nauss, R.M., Simulation of operating procedures and infrastructure changes in the upper Mississippi navigation system. Proceedings of the 2008 Spring Simulation Multiconference, ed. H. Rajaei, Society for Computer Simulation International: San Diego, CA, pp. 231–238, 2008.
[16] Angeloudis, P. & Bell, M.G.H., A review of container terminal simulation models. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(5), pp. 523–540, 2011. [Crossref]
[17] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Wieschemann, A., Sustainable container terminals: A design approach. Handbook of Terminal Planning, Springer: Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 61–82, 2011.
[18] Sargent, R., Verification and validation of simulation models. Journal of Simulation, 7, pp. 12–24, 2013. [Crossref]
[19] Geerlings, H. & Van Duin, R., A new method for assessing CO2-emissions from container terminals: A promising approach applied in Rotterdam. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(6), pp. 657–666, 2011. [Crossref]
[20] van Duin, J.H.R. & Geerlings, H., Estimating CO2 footprints of container terminal portoperations. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6(4), pp. 459–473, 2012.
[21] Green Cranes, Report on Port Container Terminals Energy Profile, Version 14, 14/02/2013, GREENCRANES Consortium and TEN: Brussels, 2013.
[22] DiLaura, D., Houser, K., Mistrick, R. & Steffy, G., The Lighting Handbook, 10th ed., Illuminating Engineering Society: New York, 2011.
[23] The European standard DIN EN 12464-1 ‘Lighting of work places.’ HSE Books: Merseyside, 2011.
[24] Lighting research center of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Illumination fundamentals. Illumination Fundamentals. Optical Research Associates: Pasadena, CA, pp. 17–22, 2000.
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Open Access
Research article

Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting

j.h.r. van duin1,2,
h. geerlings3,
j. froese4,
r.r. negenborn1
1
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
2
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
4
Bremen, Germany
International Journal of Transport Development and Integration
|
Volume 1, Issue 2, 2017
|
Pages 212-224
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: 01-30-2017
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

The growth in container volumes over the last decades means an increase in container handling at terminals around the world. Notwithstanding the economic benefits, container handling causes additional pressure on the surrounding infrastructure and the environment. This is happening precisely at a time when environmental issues, in particular CO2 emissions, are the main concern of the energy and climate change debate. Although not specialized in the field of energy consumption, many policymakers and managers need to make decisions about reducing CO2 emission. This paper provides a six-step approach to make energy consumption (and hence CO2 emissions) easily transparent. The approach is illustrated using the energy consumption of yard lighting. It can be concluded that our first attempt to understand the energy consumption of yard lightning gives promising results that can contribute to an improved benchmark for the CEN EN 16258 standard.

Keywords: benchmark, energy consumption, terminals, yard lighting
References
[1] Rodrigue, J.-P., The Geography of Transport Systems, 3rd ed., Routledge: London, 2013.
[2] Murty, K.G., Liu, J., Wan, Y. & Linn, R., A decision support system for operations in a container terminal. Decision Support Systems, 39(3), pp. 309–332, 2005. [Crossref]
[3] Verbeeck, J., Investigating flexible demand for energy in a competitive logistic environment. E-Harbours Newsletter, 2, Showcase A1, 2012. http://eharbours.eu/wp-content/uploads/showcase_flyer_antwerp_120503.pdf
[4] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Wieschemann, A., Sustainable container terminals: A design approach. Handbook of Terminal Planning, Operations, ed. J. W. Böse, Springer Science+Business Media: New York, pp. 61–82, 2011.
[5] Froese, J. & Töter, S., Green and effective operations at terminals and in ports: The outcome. GreenPort, AUTUMN, pp. 28–38, 2014.
[6] Cao, Y., Improvement of CO2-Emission Estimation Method of Container Terminals. Master’s thesis, Transport, Infrastructure & Logistics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, 2015.
[7] Darbra, R.M., Ronza, A., Casal, J., Stojanovic, T.A. & Wooldridge, C., The self diagnosis method: A new methodology to assess environmental management in sea ports. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, pp. 420–428, 2004. [Crossref]
[8] Xin, J., Control and Coordination for Automated Container Terminals. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 2015.
[9] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Saanen, Y., Design of Systems and Operations in Container Terminals (Revision 10). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Centre for Maritime Economics and Logistics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2007.
[10] Liu, C.I., Jula, H. & Ioannou, P.A., Design, simulation, evaluation of automated container terminals. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 3(1), pp. 12–26, 2002. [Crossref]
[11] Saanen, Y., An Approach for Designing Robotised Maritime Container Terminals. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 2004.
[12] Roadknight, C., Aickelin, U. & Sherman, G., Validation of a micro simulation of the Port of Dover. Journal of Computational Science, 3(1–2), pp. 56–66, 2011.
[13] Dobson, I., Complex interacting infrastructure systems. HICSS ‘07: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ed. R. Sprague, IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, pp. 1–10, 2007.
[14] Campbell, J.F., Smith, L.D., Sweeny II, D.C.S., Mundy, R. & Nauss, R.M., Decision tools for reducing congestion at locks on the Upper Mississippi River. HICSS ’07: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ed. R. Sprague, IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, pp. 1–10, 2007.
[15] Smith, L.D., Sweeney, D.C., Campbell, J.F. & Nauss, R.M., Simulation of operating procedures and infrastructure changes in the upper Mississippi navigation system. Proceedings of the 2008 Spring Simulation Multiconference, ed. H. Rajaei, Society for Computer Simulation International: San Diego, CA, pp. 231–238, 2008.
[16] Angeloudis, P. & Bell, M.G.H., A review of container terminal simulation models. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(5), pp. 523–540, 2011. [Crossref]
[17] Rijsenbrij, J.C. & Wieschemann, A., Sustainable container terminals: A design approach. Handbook of Terminal Planning, Springer: Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 61–82, 2011.
[18] Sargent, R., Verification and validation of simulation models. Journal of Simulation, 7, pp. 12–24, 2013. [Crossref]
[19] Geerlings, H. & Van Duin, R., A new method for assessing CO2-emissions from container terminals: A promising approach applied in Rotterdam. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(6), pp. 657–666, 2011. [Crossref]
[20] van Duin, J.H.R. & Geerlings, H., Estimating CO2 footprints of container terminal portoperations. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6(4), pp. 459–473, 2012.
[21] Green Cranes, Report on Port Container Terminals Energy Profile, Version 14, 14/02/2013, GREENCRANES Consortium and TEN: Brussels, 2013.
[22] DiLaura, D., Houser, K., Mistrick, R. & Steffy, G., The Lighting Handbook, 10th ed., Illuminating Engineering Society: New York, 2011.
[23] The European standard DIN EN 12464-1 ‘Lighting of work places.’ HSE Books: Merseyside, 2011.
[24] Lighting research center of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Illumination fundamentals. Illumination Fundamentals. Optical Research Associates: Pasadena, CA, pp. 17–22, 2000.
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Duin, J. V., Geerlings, H., Froese, J., & Negenborn, R. (2017). Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting. Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., 1(2), 212-224. https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224
J. V. Duin, H. Geerlings, J. Froese, and R. Negenborn, "Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting," Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 212-224, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224
@research-article{Duin2017TowardsAM,
title={Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting},
author={J.H.R. Van Duin and H. Geerlings and J. Froese and R.R. Negenborn},
journal={International Journal of Transport Development and Integration},
year={2017},
page={212-224},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224}
}
J.H.R. Van Duin, et al. "Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, v 1, pp 212-224. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224
J.H.R. Van Duin, H. Geerlings, J. Froese and R.R. Negenborn. "Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 1, (2017): 212-224. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224
Duin J. V.， Geerlings H.， Froese J.， et al. Towards a Method for Benchmarking Energy Consumption at Terminals: In Search of Performance Improvement in Yard Lighting[J]. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration， 2017， 1(2)： 212-224. https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V1-N2-212-224