Impacts of PT Pertamina Geothermal Sibayak's Exploration on Economic, Social, and Environmental Aspects: A Case Study in Semangat Gunung Village, Karo District

This research explores the direct and indirect impacts of PT Pertamina Geothermal (Tbk) Sibayak's geothermal exploration on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of Semangat Gunung Village in Merdeka District, Karo Regency. The study surveyed 120 residents, achieving a 100% response rate. Using the Lilliefors test, the data were found to be normally distributed. The socioeconomic and environmental impacts were assessed by comparing pre- and post-exploration conditions. Findings indicate significant effects on various aspects: employment opportunities increased, though business opportunities remained unaffected by the geothermal activities. Community income saw a decline, primarily due to environmental disruptions such as floods impacting agriculture. Despite these economic shifts, the majority of the population continued working in agriculture, with a significant minority engaged in informal businesses. The exploration activities also affected community comfort and cultural heritage, with a substantial number of residents expressing discomfort and concerns over environmental degradation. The study underscores the need for a strategic environmental management approach, identifying key internal and external factors influencing the community. Recommendations include leveraging strengths and opportunities while mitigating weaknesses and threats, using a Livelihood Approach matrix for strategic planning. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders in managing the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of geothermal exploration.