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[1] Brown, L.R., Eco-Economy Building an Economy for the Earth, Great Britain: London, p. 352, 2001.
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[3] Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and Poverty Eradica- tion; United Nations Environment, Online, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/con- tent/documents/126GER_synthesis_en.pdf (accessed on 30 May 2019).
[4] The Future We Want: Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly United Nation; United Nations, Online, http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/ RES/66/288&Lang=E (accessed on 03 June 2019).
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[6] Rethinking the Economic Recovery: A Global Green New Deal; UNEP, Online, http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7727/-Rethinking%20the%20 Economic%20Recovery_%20A%20Global%20Green%20New%20Deal-2009853. pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y (accessed on 05 June 2019).
[7] The transition to a Green Economy: Benefits, Challenges and Risks from a Sustainable Development Perspective; United Nations Environment, Online, https://www.unenvi- ronment.org/resources/report/transition-green-economy-benefits-challenges-and-risks- sustainable-development (accessed on 01 June 2019).
[8] Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth, A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel; UNEP, Online, http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500. 11822/9816/-Decoupling%3a%20natural%20resource%20use%20and%20envi- ronmental%20impacts%20from%20economic%20growth%20-2011Decoupling_1. pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y (accessed on 05 June 2019).
[9] Vuuren, V., Detlef, P., et al., Energy, land-use and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories under a green growth paradigm. Global Environmental Change, 42, pp. 237–250, 2017.
[10] De Vries, B., et al., Greenhouse gas emissions in an equity-, environment-and service- oriented world: an IMAGE-based scenario for the 21st century. Technological Fore- casting and Social Change, 63(2–3), pp. 137–174, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0040-1625(99)00109-2
[11] Holdren, J.P., Energy and sustainability. Science, 315(5813), p. 737, 2007. https://doi. org/10.1126/science.1139792
[12] Green Growth, Resources and Resilience. Environmental Sustainability in Asia and the Pacific; UNESCAP, ADB, UNEP, Online, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/ GGRR_Full-Report_0.pdf (accessed on 05 June 2019).
[13] Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap for Asia and the Pacific–turning resource con- straints and the climate crisis in to economic growth opportunities; UNESCAP, Online, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Full-report.pdf (accessed on 07 June 2019).
[14] Green Growth and Climate Resilience. National Strategy for Climate Change and Low Carbon Development; Kigali, Republic of Rwanda, Online, https://www.greengrowth- knowledge.org/sites/default/files/downloads/policy-database/RWANDA%29%20 Green%20Growth%20and%20Climate%20Resilience%20-%20National%20Strat- egy%20for%20Climate%20Change%20and%20Low%20Carbon%20Development. pdf (accessed on 07 June 2019).
[15] Annual Energy Outlook 2019 (AEO2019); EIA, Online, https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ aeo/pdf/aeo2019.pdf (accessed on 11 June 2019).
[16] Energy intensity, in OECD Factbook 2015–2016: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics; OECD, Online, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/factbook- 2015-40-en.pdf?expires=1562016128&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=27B0B9E FBA40AED7993B2E7CA381EA42 (accessed on 11 June 2019).
[17] Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030; Institute of Energy Strategy, Online, http://www.energystrategy.ru/projects/docs/ES-2030_(Eng).pdf (accessed on 11 June 2019).
[18] Chiogioji, M.H., Industrial energy conservation, Marcel Dekker, Inc: USA, p. 260, 1979.
[19] Grübler, A., Jefferson, M. & Nakićenović, N., Global energy perspectives: A summary of the joint study by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and World Energy Council. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 51(3), pp. 237–264, 1996. [Crossref]
[20] Energy Efficiency: A Recipe for Success; World Energy Council, Online, https://www. worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/PUB_Energy_Efficiency_A_Recipe_ For_Success_2010_WEC.pdf (accessed on 06 June 2019).
[21] Boyd, G., McDonald, J.F., Ross, M. & Hanson, D.A., Separating the changing compo- sition of US manufacturing production from energy efficiency improvements: a Divisia index approach. The Energy Journal, 8(2), pp. 77–96, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5547/ issn0195-6574-ej-vol8-no2-6
[22] Ang, B.W. & Lee, S.Y., Decomposition of industrial energy consumption: some meth- odological and application issues. Energy Economics, 16(2), pp. 83–92, 1994. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(94)90001-9
[23] Ang, B.W. & Choi, K.H., Decomposition of aggregate energy and gas emission intensi- ties for industry: a refined Divisia index method. The Energy Journal, 18(3), pp. 59–73, 1997. [Crossref]
[24] Ang, B.W., Zhang, F.Q. & Choi, K.H., Factorizing changes in energy and environmen- tal indicators through decomposition. Energy, 23(6), pp. 489–495, 1998. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0360-5442(98)00016-4
[25] Energy Efficiency Indicators: A Study of Energy Efficiency Indicators for Industry in APEC Economies; Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Online, https://aperc.ieej. or.jp/file/2010/9/26/Energy_Efficiency_Indicators_for_Industry_2000.pdf (accessed on 07 June 2019).
[26] Energy Policies of IEA Countries; International Energy Agency, Online, http://www. iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Canada2009.pdf (accessed on 10 June 2019).
[27] Unander, F., Energy indicators and sustainable development: the International Energy Agency approach. Natural Resources Forum, 29(4), pp. 377–391, 2005. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2005.00148.x
[28] Taylor, P.G., d’Ortigue, O.L., Francoeur, M. & Trudeau, N., Final energy use in IEA countries: The role of energy efficiency. Energy Policy, 38(11), pp. 6463–6474, 2010. [Crossref]
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[32] Worrell, E., et al., Energy intensity in the iron and steel industry: a comparison of physi- cal and economic indicators. Energy policy, 25(7–9), pp. 727–744, 1997. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0301-4215(97)00064-5
[33] Worrell, E., Price, L. & Martin, N., Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in the US iron and steel sector. Energy, 26(5), pp. 513–536, 2001. [Crossref]
[34] Tan, X., Li, H., Guo, J., Gu, B. & Zeng, Y., Energy-saving and emission-reduction tech- nology selection and CO2 emission reduction potential of China’s iron and steel indus- try under energy substitution policy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 222, pp. 823–834, 2019. [Crossref]
[35] Bhadbhade, N., Zuberi, M.J.S. & Patel, M.K., A bottom-up analysis of energy effi- ciency improvement and CO2 emission reduction potentials for the swiss metals sector. Energy, 181, pp. 173–186, 2019. [Crossref]
[36] Price, L., Sinton, J., Worrell, E., Phylipsen, D., Xiulian, H. & Ji, L., Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from steel production in China. Energy, 27(5), pp. 429–446, 2002. [Crossref]
[37] Gielen, D. & Moriguchi, Y., CO2 in the iron and steel industry: an analysis of Japanese emission reduction potentials. Energy policy, 30(10), pp. 849–863, 2002. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0301-4215(01)00143-4
[38] Morton, C., Wilson, C. & Anable, J., The diffusion of domestic energy efficiency policies: A spatial perspective. Energy Policy, 114, pp. 77–88, 2018. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.057
[39] Barr, S., Gilg, A.W. & Ford, N., The household energy gap: examining the divide between habitual- and purchase-related conservation behaviours. Energy Policy, 33(11), pp. 1425–1444, 2005. [Crossref]
[40] Boardman, B., New directions for household energy efficiency: evidence from the UK. Energy Policy, 32(17), pp. 1921–1933, 2004. enpol.2004.03.021 [Crossref]
[41] Brechling, V. & Smith, S., Household energy efficiency in the UK. Fiscal Studies,
15(2), pp. 44–56, 1994. [Crossref]
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[43] Agnolucci, P.A., Wind electricity in Denmark: a survey of policies, their effectiveness and factors motivating their introduction. Energy Policy, 11, pp. 951–963, 2007. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.07.004
[44] Cadoret, I. & Padovano, F., The political drivers of renewable energies policies. Energy Economics, 56, pp. 261–269, 2016. [Crossref]
[45] Geddes, A., Schmidt, T.S. & Steffen, B., The multiple roles of state investment banks in low-carbon energy finance: an analysis of Australia, the UK and Germany. Energy Policy, 115, pp. 158–170, 2018. [Crossref]
[46] Hall, S., Foxon, T.J. & Bolton, R., Investing in low-carbon transitions: energy finance as an adaptive market. Climate Policy, 17(3), pp. 280–298, 2017. https://doi.org/10.10 80/14693062.2015.1094731
[47] Hall, S., Foxon, T.J. & Bolton, R., Financing the civic energy sector: how financial insti- tutions affect ownership models in Germany and the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science, 12, pp. 5–15, 2016. [Crossref]
[48] Mathews, J.A., Kidney, S., Mallon, K. & Hughes, M., Mobilizing private finance to drive an energy industrial revolution. Energy Policy, 38, pp. 3263–3265, 2010. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.030
[49] Moreau, V., De Oliveira Neves, C.A. & Vuille, F., Is decoupling a red herring? The role of structural effects and energy policies in Europe. Energy Policy, 128, pp. 243–252, 2019. [Crossref]
[50] Marrero, G. & Ramos-Real, F. Activity sectors and energy intensity: decomposition analysis and policy implications for European countries (1991–2005). Energies, 6(5), pp. 2521–2540, 2013. [Crossref]
[51] Moreau, V. & Vuille, F., Decoupling energy use and economic growth: counter evidence from structural effects and embodied energy in trade. Applied energy, 215, pp. 54–62, 2018. [Crossref]
[52] Ang, B.W., The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide. Energy Policy, 33, pp. 867–871, 2005. [Crossref]
[53] Ang, B.W., Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy: which is the preferred method? Energy Policy, 32, pp. 1131–1139, 2004. [Crossref]
[54] Bin, S. & Ang, B.W., Structural decomposition analysis applied to energy and emis- sions: some methodological developments. Energy Economics, 34(1), pp. 177–188, 2012. [Crossref]
[55] Krivorotov, V.V., et al., Otsenka energoeffektivnosti proizvodstvennykh kompleksov kak osnova ikh konkurentosposobnogo razvitiya, YUNITI-DANA: Moscow, Russia, p. 146, 2018.
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJEPM from 2025 Vol. 10, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers

V.V. Krivorotov1,2,
A.V. Kalina1,2,
N.V. Starodubets1,2,
A.I. Saveleva1,
S.E. Erypalov3
1
Ural Federal University, Russia
2
Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
3
Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, Russia
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 5, Issue 2, 2020
|
Pages 125-141
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: 06-29-2020
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

This paper provides an overview of the leading role that energy efficiency plays in the development of modern socio-economic systems, which serve as the foundation for building green economies. The main purpose of the paper is to develop a methodological toolkit for assessing energy efficiency of large industrial complexes and test it on the world’s largest metallurgical complexes. The central object of the research is the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC), which mainly specializes in the production of copper and copper-based products. The study follows a comparative analysis of a set of preliminary selected energy efficiency indicators obtained from UMMC with those of the world’s leading copper manufacturers and copper-based products. At the same time, in accordance with the methodical approach, it is proposed to divide the energy efficiency indicators of an industrial complex into three levels: the level of an industrial complex as a whole (1); the level of certain types of products manufactured in the industrial complex (2); the level of the technological process (3). To obtain summarized (synthetic) energy efficiency estimates of the industrial complex, the hierarchy analysis method has been proposed. For the comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators of UMMC, the authors chose the following companies: Norilsk Nickel and Russian Copper Company and leading world companies, such as Glencore Xstrata Plc (Switzerland), Codelco (Chile), KGHM Polska Miedz SA (Poland), and Vedanta Resources (India). The obtained results revealed that UMMC strongly lags behind in a number of key energy efficiency indicators. During 2010–2016, a negative trend was observed in the majority of UMMC enterprises. The results also showed the practical applicability of the given methodical approach and the possibility of its wide use in solving energy efficiency problems of Russian industrial complexes for their strategic development.

Keywords: copper producers, energy efficiency, energy efficiency indicators, green and low-carbon economy, industrial complex
References
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GB-T-7714-2015
Krivorotov, V. V., Kalina, A. V., Starodubets, N. V., Saveleva, A. I., & Erypalov, S. E. (2020). Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 5(2), 125-141. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141
V. V. Krivorotov, A. V. Kalina, N. V. Starodubets, A. I. Saveleva, and S. E. Erypalov, "Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 125-141, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141
@research-article{Krivorotov2020EnergyEO,
title={Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers},
author={V.V. Krivorotov and A.V. Kalina and N.V. Starodubets and A.I. Saveleva and S.E. Erypalov},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2020},
page={125-141},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141}
}
V.V. Krivorotov, et al. "Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 5, pp 125-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141
V.V. Krivorotov, A.V. Kalina, N.V. Starodubets, A.I. Saveleva and S.E. Erypalov. "Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 5, (2020): 125-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141
KRIVOROTOV V V， KALINA A V， STARODUBETS N V， et al. Energy Efficiency of World’s Leading Copper Producers[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2020， 5(2)： 125-141. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V5-N2-125-141