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[1] Norsk Petroleum, https://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/facts/field/troll/
[2] NRK Rogaland, https://www.nrk.no/rogaland/trollfeltet-skal-levere-gass-til-2050-1. 14329706 (accessed 7 December 2018).
[3] Hannevik, M.B., Lone, A., Bjørklund, R., Bjørkli, C.A. & Hoff, T., Organizational climate in large-scale projects in the oil and gas industry: A competing values perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 32(4), pp. 687–697, May 2014. [Crossref]
[4] Williams, T., Klakegg, J., Walker, D.H., Andersen, B. & Magnussen, O.M., Identifying and acting on early warning signs in complex projects. Project Management Journal, 43(2), pp. 37–53, April 2012. [Crossref]
[5] Haji-Kazemi, S., Andersen, O. & Klakegg, J., Barriers against effective responses to early warning signs in projects. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp. 1068–1083, July 2015. [Crossref]
[6] Vinten, G., Whistleblowing towards disaster prevention and management. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), pp. 18–28, 2000. [Crossref]
[7] Vaughan, D., The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA, Chicago University Press, 1996
[8] The Deepwater Horizon Study Group (under the leadership of professor R.G. Bea), Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster, University of California at Berkeley, USA, 2011.
[9] Volden, A., Senior Field Development Engineer, Statoil. Private Communication.
[10] G udmestad, O.T. & Coker, J.W.A., The sleipner a platform, an efficient gas and condensate installation. Proc. European Petroleum Conference, Europec 88, pp. 111–126, London, October 1988.
[11] H uslid, J.M. & Gudmestad, O.T., The troll platform project, Proc. Int. Congress Major Engineering Projects in the World, pp. 87–104, Nice, June, 1988.
[12] Skjæveland, H., Knudsen, A. & Nyborg, A., Technical challenges in the design and construction of the troll gravity base structure. Proceedings of ISOPE, 1-94-302, Osaka, 1994.
[13] Kumar, A. & Kim, C.H., Ringing of heidrun tlp in high and steep random wave. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 12(3), 2002.
[14] F altinsen, O.M., Newman, J.N. & Vinje, T., Nonlinear wave loads on a slender vertical cylinder. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 289, pp. 179–198, 25 April 1995. [Crossref]
[15] H ellevik, K. & Gudmestad, O.T., Limit cycle oscillations at resonances for systems subjected to nonlinear damping or external forces. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), 2017.
[16] G undersen, N.G., Platform Manager at the Draugen Platform During a “Ringing” Event in March 1995, Private communication.
[17] J akobsen, B., & Rosendal, F., The sleipner platform accident. Structural Engineering International, 4(3), pp. 190–193, August 1994. [Crossref]
[18] Trbojevic, V.M., Bellamy, L.J., Brabazon, P.G., Gudmestad, O.T. & Rettedal, W.K., Methodology for the analysis of risks during the construction and installation phases of an offshore platform. special issue: “Safety on offshore process installation: North Sea.”Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 7(4), pp. 350–359, 1994. [Crossref]
[19] Trbojevic, V.M., Ballamy, L.J., Gudmestad, O.T., Aarum, T. & Rettedal, W.K., Assessment of risk in the design phase of an offshore project. Proc. OMAE 96’ - Vol. II. Safety and Reliability, pp. 431–435, 1996.
[20] L akats, L., Gudmestad, O.T., Skjæveland, H., Rettedal, W. & Gausel, E., Managing Offshore platform construction taking into account “bad news.” A case study. Paper WAO6.4 Presented at Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, National Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313553887_Managing_Offshore_platform_construction_taking_into_account_bad_news_A_case_study (accessed 26–29 April 1998).
[21] L akats, L.M., Organizational warnings and system safety: designing for the communication of bad news. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Stanford University, USA, 1997.
[22] Wasserman, S. & Faust, K., Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994.
[23] Pate-Cornell. M.E. & Fischbeck, P.S., Safety of the thermal protection system of the space shuttle orbiter: quantitative analysis and organizational factors, Report to The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, December, 1990.
[24] Pate-Cornell, M.E. & Rettedal, W.K., Management of resource, constraints and system safety: application to the design and construction of concrete offshore platforms. Presentedat ISOPE 97, Honolulu, July 1997.
[25] G udmestad, O.T., Treatment of “bad news” in a project, Proceedings of the 24th Int. Congress on Condition Monitoring and diagnostics Engineering management, ISBN 09541307-2-2, pp. 1035–1041, Stavanger, June 2011.
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Open Access
Research article

Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities

Ove T. Gudmestad
University of Stavanger, Norway
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2019
|
Pages 187-197
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

The construction of offshore facilities for development of oil and gas deposits is preceded by careful Conceptual Studies, Front-End Engineering Design Studies (FEED studies) and a Detailed Engineering phase including accurate construction planning. Still, incidents during the Construction Phase could lead to needs for implementation of physical strengthening of construction details or changes to the construction process. These incidents could emerge from information coming from the construction of other facilities, detection of design errors or aspects which were overseen during the engineering phase. Serious consequences, like loss of assets or fatalities, could occur in case the unexpected information was not assessed and changes were not implemented.

In this paper, we report on how the design and construction processes were adjusted during the construction phase of the largest of the North Sea platforms, the Troll offshore gas production facilities, as new information became available while the platform was in the construction phase.

The assessment of all incoming information and implementation of mitigating measures led to the successful construction, installation and start-up of gas production from the platform. Of particular impor- tance for the success was the open attitude by the operator of the construction project to allow for voicing of concerns from companies hired to do verification, external reviewers and from project personnel.

The lessons learned during the construction of these facilities could be very useful for those involved in the design and construction of large projects, in particular in offshore oil and gas projects where the forces due to waves and currents and the strains due to bending and pressures are not always well known initially.

The paper is concluded by a recommendation to listen to those presenting warnings to project management during project execution (including the detailed engineering and construction phases).

Keywords: construction risk analysis, early warnings, handling of bad news in a project, implementation of concerns from lower level specialists, management challenges, north sea gas, ringing phenomena, loss of the sleipner concrete platform, troll concrete platform, use of grp piping
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

References
[1] Norsk Petroleum, https://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/facts/field/troll/
[2] NRK Rogaland, https://www.nrk.no/rogaland/trollfeltet-skal-levere-gass-til-2050-1. 14329706 (accessed 7 December 2018).
[3] Hannevik, M.B., Lone, A., Bjørklund, R., Bjørkli, C.A. & Hoff, T., Organizational climate in large-scale projects in the oil and gas industry: A competing values perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 32(4), pp. 687–697, May 2014. [Crossref]
[4] Williams, T., Klakegg, J., Walker, D.H., Andersen, B. & Magnussen, O.M., Identifying and acting on early warning signs in complex projects. Project Management Journal, 43(2), pp. 37–53, April 2012. [Crossref]
[5] Haji-Kazemi, S., Andersen, O. & Klakegg, J., Barriers against effective responses to early warning signs in projects. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp. 1068–1083, July 2015. [Crossref]
[6] Vinten, G., Whistleblowing towards disaster prevention and management. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), pp. 18–28, 2000. [Crossref]
[7] Vaughan, D., The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA, Chicago University Press, 1996
[8] The Deepwater Horizon Study Group (under the leadership of professor R.G. Bea), Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster, University of California at Berkeley, USA, 2011.
[9] Volden, A., Senior Field Development Engineer, Statoil. Private Communication.
[10] G udmestad, O.T. & Coker, J.W.A., The sleipner a platform, an efficient gas and condensate installation. Proc. European Petroleum Conference, Europec 88, pp. 111–126, London, October 1988.
[11] H uslid, J.M. & Gudmestad, O.T., The troll platform project, Proc. Int. Congress Major Engineering Projects in the World, pp. 87–104, Nice, June, 1988.
[12] Skjæveland, H., Knudsen, A. & Nyborg, A., Technical challenges in the design and construction of the troll gravity base structure. Proceedings of ISOPE, 1-94-302, Osaka, 1994.
[13] Kumar, A. & Kim, C.H., Ringing of heidrun tlp in high and steep random wave. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 12(3), 2002.
[14] F altinsen, O.M., Newman, J.N. & Vinje, T., Nonlinear wave loads on a slender vertical cylinder. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 289, pp. 179–198, 25 April 1995. [Crossref]
[15] H ellevik, K. & Gudmestad, O.T., Limit cycle oscillations at resonances for systems subjected to nonlinear damping or external forces. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), 2017.
[16] G undersen, N.G., Platform Manager at the Draugen Platform During a “Ringing” Event in March 1995, Private communication.
[17] J akobsen, B., & Rosendal, F., The sleipner platform accident. Structural Engineering International, 4(3), pp. 190–193, August 1994. [Crossref]
[18] Trbojevic, V.M., Bellamy, L.J., Brabazon, P.G., Gudmestad, O.T. & Rettedal, W.K., Methodology for the analysis of risks during the construction and installation phases of an offshore platform. special issue: “Safety on offshore process installation: North Sea.”Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 7(4), pp. 350–359, 1994. [Crossref]
[19] Trbojevic, V.M., Ballamy, L.J., Gudmestad, O.T., Aarum, T. & Rettedal, W.K., Assessment of risk in the design phase of an offshore project. Proc. OMAE 96’ - Vol. II. Safety and Reliability, pp. 431–435, 1996.
[20] L akats, L., Gudmestad, O.T., Skjæveland, H., Rettedal, W. & Gausel, E., Managing Offshore platform construction taking into account “bad news.” A case study. Paper WAO6.4 Presented at Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, National Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313553887_Managing_Offshore_platform_construction_taking_into_account_bad_news_A_case_study (accessed 26–29 April 1998).
[21] L akats, L.M., Organizational warnings and system safety: designing for the communication of bad news. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Stanford University, USA, 1997.
[22] Wasserman, S. & Faust, K., Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994.
[23] Pate-Cornell. M.E. & Fischbeck, P.S., Safety of the thermal protection system of the space shuttle orbiter: quantitative analysis and organizational factors, Report to The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, December, 1990.
[24] Pate-Cornell, M.E. & Rettedal, W.K., Management of resource, constraints and system safety: application to the design and construction of concrete offshore platforms. Presentedat ISOPE 97, Honolulu, July 1997.
[25] G udmestad, O.T., Treatment of “bad news” in a project, Proceedings of the 24th Int. Congress on Condition Monitoring and diagnostics Engineering management, ISBN 09541307-2-2, pp. 1035–1041, Stavanger, June 2011.
Cite this:
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GB-T-7714-2015
Gudmestad, O. T. (2019). Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 4(3), 187-197. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197
O. T. Gudmestad, "Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 187-197, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197
@research-article{Gudmestad2019ManagementOC,
title={Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities},
author={Ove T. Gudmestad},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2019},
page={187-197},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197}
}
Ove T. Gudmestad, et al. "Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 4, pp 187-197. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197
Ove T. Gudmestad. "Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 4, (2019): 187-197. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197
GUDMESTAD O T. Management of Challenges During the Construction of Offshore Facilities[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2019， 4(3)： 187-197. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N3-187-197