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[1] Babayemi, J.O. & Dauda, k.T., Evaluation of solid waste generation, categories and disposal options in developing Countries: A case study of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 13(3), pp. 83–88, 2009.
[2] Amoo, O.m. & fagbenle, r.l., renewable municipal solid waste pathways for energy generation and sustainable development in the Nigerian context. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), p. 42, 2013.
[3] Dri, m., canfora, P., Antonopoulos, I.S. & gaudillat, P., Best Environmental Management Practice for the Waste Management Sector, jrc Science for Policy report, Eur 29136 EN, Publications Office of the European union, luxembourg, 2018, ISbN 978-92-79- 80361-1, , jrc111059 [Crossref]
[4] Abu-Qudais, m. & Abu-Qdais, h.A., Energy content of municipal solid waste in jordan and Its potential utilization. Energy Conversion and Management, 41(9), pp. 983–991, 2000. [Crossref]
[5] johri, r., rajeshwari, K.V. & mullick, A.N., Technological option for municipal solid waste management. Wealth from Waste: Trends and Technologies, 3rd edn., New Delhi: The Energy and research Institute, p. 342–78, 2011.
[6] Suberu, m.Y., mokhtar, A.S. & bashir, N.N., renewable power generation opportunity from municipal solid waste: A case study of lagos metropolis (Nigeria). Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2(2), 2012.
[7] Tsai, W.T. & Kuo, K.c., An analysis of power generation from (mSW) incineration plants in Taiwan. Energy, 35(12), pp. 4824–4830, 2010.
[8] Amber, I., Kulla, D.m. & gukop, N., generation, characteristics and energy potential of solid municipal solid waste in Nigeria. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 23(3), pp. 47–51, 2012.
[9] Kumar j.S., Subbaiah K.V., & Prasada rao P.V.V., Waste to Energy. A case study of Eluru city, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Environmental Science, 1(2), pp. 151–162, 2010.
[10] Sivapalan, K., muhd, N.m.Y., Sopian, K., Samsuddin, A.h. & rahman, r.A., modeling the heating value of municipal Solid Waste. Fuel, 82, pp. 1119–1125, 2003. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03) 00009-7
[11] Kuleape, r., cobbinah, S.j., Dampare, S.b., Duwiejuah, A.b., Amoako, E.E., & Asare, W., Assessment of Energy recovery potential of solid waste generated in Akosombo, ghana, African. Environmental. Science & Technology, 8(5), pp. 297–308, 2014.
[12] Aderoju, O.m., Dias, g. A. & gonçalves, A., A gIS-based analysis for sanitary landfill sites in Abuja, Nigeria. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2018. https://doi. org/ 10.1007/s10668-018-0206-z
[13] AEPb., The Abuja Environmental Protection board Annual report, 2015.
[14] Tan, S.T., ho, W.S., hashim, h., lee, c.T., Taib, m.r. & ho, c.S., Energy, Economic and Environment (3E) Analysis of Waste to Energy (WTE) Strategies for municipal Solid Waste (mSW) management in malaysia. Journal for Energy Conversion and Man- agement, 102, pp. 111–120, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] Themelis, N.j., An Overview of the global Waste –to-Energy Industry. Waste Management World, pp. 40–47, 2003.
[16] he, c., giannis, A., & Wang, j., conversion of sewage sludge to clean solid fuel using hydrothermal carbonzation: hydrochar fuel characteristics and combustion behavior. Applied Energy, 111, pp. 257–266, 2013. ergy.2013.04.084 [Crossref]
[17] DEfrA., Incineration of municipal Solid Waste; Department for Environment, food and rural Affairs. 2013. Online, http://defra.gov.uk
[18] hazardous Waste resource center., 2000. hazardous Waste Incineration: Advanced Technology to Protect the Environment. Environmental Technology center, 2000. Online; http://etc.org/technologicalandenvironmentalissues/treatmenttechnologies/ incineration, (accessed 5 june 2018).
[19] NPc, National Population commission Nigeria, 2012. Available online on: http://popu- lation.gov.ng (accessed 10 August 18).
[20] Aderoju, O.m. & Dias, A.g., Waste to energy as a complementary energy source in Abuja, Nigeria. WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, Published by Taylors and francis group, london, pp. 63–68, 2017. ISbN 978-1-138-19669-8
[21] ASTm D 5231-92 (reapproved 2016): Standard Test methods for Determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal Waste; ASTm International, 6p, 2016.
Available online at: http://astm.org/standards/D5231
[22] Dong, c., jin, b. & li, D., Predicting the heating value of mSW with a feed forward neutral network. Waste Management, 23, pp 103–106, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0956-053x(02)00162-9
[23] Tchobanoglous g., Theisen h. & Eliassen, r., Solid Wastes: Engineering Principles and Management Issues, New York, NY: mcgraw-hill, 1977.
[24] Otama, S., mori, Y., Terazono, A., Aso, T. & Sameshima, r., Estimation of energy
recovery and reduction of cO2 emissions in municipal solid waste power generation.
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 20(2), pp. 95–117, 1997.
[25] Tchobanoglous, g., Theisen, h. & Vigil, S.A., Integrated Solid Waste management: engineering principles and management issues, mcgraw-hill Inc.: New York, 1993.
[26] franjo, c.f., ledo, j.P., rodriguez, Anon. j.S. & Nunez l., calorific value of municipal solid waste. Environmental Technology, 13(11), pp. 1085–1089,1992. https://doi. org/10.1080/09593339209385246
[27] Prasada rao, P.V., Venkata, K.S., Sudhir, j.K., Waste to energy: A case study of Eluru, A.P, India. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 1(2), pp. 151–162, 2010.
[28] Tsunatu, D.Y., Tickson, T.S., San, K.D. & Namo, j.m., municipal solid waste as alternative source of energy generation: A case study of jalingo metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(3), pp. 185–193, 2015. ISSN: 2049–3444
[29] IEA., Biomass for Power Generation and CHP. IEA Energy Technology Essential, ETE03, pp 1–4, 2007.
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Open Access
Research article

An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation

O. M. Aderoju,
U. G. Ombe Gemusse,
A. Guerner Dias
Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 4, Issue 1, 2019
|
Pages 63-74
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Currently, Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, is experiencing an exponential increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation due to its rapid population growth, level of development, and its socioeconomic status among others. Moreover, MSW is an overburden to the Abuja environment in terms of its management and health risk to the inhabitants. However, MSW is utilized by some countries as fuel for energy generation through the waste to energy (WTE) approach. In view of this, the study aims at assessing the MSW in Abuja as a potential resource for electrical power generation and distribution. This study is focused on incineration with energy recovery as an immediate solution for MSW reduction, and a supplementary answer to erratic electric power supply to the people. The proximate and ultimate analyses in combination with the modified Dulong equation were employed to determine the gross calorific value (GCV). Results showed that the GCV was evaluated as 9,085 kcal/kg and the net calorific value (NCV) was evaluated as 9,067 kcal/kg. Furthermore, the power generation potential was enumerated using 10 and 50 tons of combustible MSW to arrive at 966 kWh and 4,832 kWh, respectively.

Keywords: dump site, environment, municipal solid waste, waste to energy
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Babayemi, J.O. & Dauda, k.T., Evaluation of solid waste generation, categories and disposal options in developing Countries: A case study of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 13(3), pp. 83–88, 2009.
[2] Amoo, O.m. & fagbenle, r.l., renewable municipal solid waste pathways for energy generation and sustainable development in the Nigerian context. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), p. 42, 2013.
[3] Dri, m., canfora, P., Antonopoulos, I.S. & gaudillat, P., Best Environmental Management Practice for the Waste Management Sector, jrc Science for Policy report, Eur 29136 EN, Publications Office of the European union, luxembourg, 2018, ISbN 978-92-79- 80361-1, , jrc111059 [Crossref]
[4] Abu-Qudais, m. & Abu-Qdais, h.A., Energy content of municipal solid waste in jordan and Its potential utilization. Energy Conversion and Management, 41(9), pp. 983–991, 2000. [Crossref]
[5] johri, r., rajeshwari, K.V. & mullick, A.N., Technological option for municipal solid waste management. Wealth from Waste: Trends and Technologies, 3rd edn., New Delhi: The Energy and research Institute, p. 342–78, 2011.
[6] Suberu, m.Y., mokhtar, A.S. & bashir, N.N., renewable power generation opportunity from municipal solid waste: A case study of lagos metropolis (Nigeria). Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2(2), 2012.
[7] Tsai, W.T. & Kuo, K.c., An analysis of power generation from (mSW) incineration plants in Taiwan. Energy, 35(12), pp. 4824–4830, 2010.
[8] Amber, I., Kulla, D.m. & gukop, N., generation, characteristics and energy potential of solid municipal solid waste in Nigeria. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 23(3), pp. 47–51, 2012.
[9] Kumar j.S., Subbaiah K.V., & Prasada rao P.V.V., Waste to Energy. A case study of Eluru city, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Environmental Science, 1(2), pp. 151–162, 2010.
[10] Sivapalan, K., muhd, N.m.Y., Sopian, K., Samsuddin, A.h. & rahman, r.A., modeling the heating value of municipal Solid Waste. Fuel, 82, pp. 1119–1125, 2003. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03) 00009-7
[11] Kuleape, r., cobbinah, S.j., Dampare, S.b., Duwiejuah, A.b., Amoako, E.E., & Asare, W., Assessment of Energy recovery potential of solid waste generated in Akosombo, ghana, African. Environmental. Science & Technology, 8(5), pp. 297–308, 2014.
[12] Aderoju, O.m., Dias, g. A. & gonçalves, A., A gIS-based analysis for sanitary landfill sites in Abuja, Nigeria. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2018. https://doi. org/ 10.1007/s10668-018-0206-z
[13] AEPb., The Abuja Environmental Protection board Annual report, 2015.
[14] Tan, S.T., ho, W.S., hashim, h., lee, c.T., Taib, m.r. & ho, c.S., Energy, Economic and Environment (3E) Analysis of Waste to Energy (WTE) Strategies for municipal Solid Waste (mSW) management in malaysia. Journal for Energy Conversion and Man- agement, 102, pp. 111–120, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] Themelis, N.j., An Overview of the global Waste –to-Energy Industry. Waste Management World, pp. 40–47, 2003.
[16] he, c., giannis, A., & Wang, j., conversion of sewage sludge to clean solid fuel using hydrothermal carbonzation: hydrochar fuel characteristics and combustion behavior. Applied Energy, 111, pp. 257–266, 2013. ergy.2013.04.084 [Crossref]
[17] DEfrA., Incineration of municipal Solid Waste; Department for Environment, food and rural Affairs. 2013. Online, http://defra.gov.uk
[18] hazardous Waste resource center., 2000. hazardous Waste Incineration: Advanced Technology to Protect the Environment. Environmental Technology center, 2000. Online; http://etc.org/technologicalandenvironmentalissues/treatmenttechnologies/ incineration, (accessed 5 june 2018).
[19] NPc, National Population commission Nigeria, 2012. Available online on: http://popu- lation.gov.ng (accessed 10 August 18).
[20] Aderoju, O.m. & Dias, A.g., Waste to energy as a complementary energy source in Abuja, Nigeria. WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, Published by Taylors and francis group, london, pp. 63–68, 2017. ISbN 978-1-138-19669-8
[21] ASTm D 5231-92 (reapproved 2016): Standard Test methods for Determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal Waste; ASTm International, 6p, 2016.
Available online at: http://astm.org/standards/D5231
[22] Dong, c., jin, b. & li, D., Predicting the heating value of mSW with a feed forward neutral network. Waste Management, 23, pp 103–106, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0956-053x(02)00162-9
[23] Tchobanoglous g., Theisen h. & Eliassen, r., Solid Wastes: Engineering Principles and Management Issues, New York, NY: mcgraw-hill, 1977.
[24] Otama, S., mori, Y., Terazono, A., Aso, T. & Sameshima, r., Estimation of energy
recovery and reduction of cO2 emissions in municipal solid waste power generation.
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 20(2), pp. 95–117, 1997.
[25] Tchobanoglous, g., Theisen, h. & Vigil, S.A., Integrated Solid Waste management: engineering principles and management issues, mcgraw-hill Inc.: New York, 1993.
[26] franjo, c.f., ledo, j.P., rodriguez, Anon. j.S. & Nunez l., calorific value of municipal solid waste. Environmental Technology, 13(11), pp. 1085–1089,1992. https://doi. org/10.1080/09593339209385246
[27] Prasada rao, P.V., Venkata, K.S., Sudhir, j.K., Waste to energy: A case study of Eluru, A.P, India. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 1(2), pp. 151–162, 2010.
[28] Tsunatu, D.Y., Tickson, T.S., San, K.D. & Namo, j.m., municipal solid waste as alternative source of energy generation: A case study of jalingo metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(3), pp. 185–193, 2015. ISSN: 2049–3444
[29] IEA., Biomass for Power Generation and CHP. IEA Energy Technology Essential, ETE03, pp 1–4, 2007.
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Aderoju, O. M., Gemusse, U. G. O., & Dias, A. G. (2019). An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 4(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74
O. M. Aderoju, U. G. O. Gemusse, and A. G. Dias, "An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 63-74, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74
@research-article{Aderoju2019AnOO,
title={An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation},
author={O. M. Aderoju and U. G. Ombe Gemusse and A. Guerner Dias},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2019},
page={63-74},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74}
}
O. M. Aderoju, et al. "An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 4, pp 63-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74
O. M. Aderoju, U. G. Ombe Gemusse and A. Guerner Dias. "An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 4, (2019): 63-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74
ADEROJU O M， GEMUSSE U G O， DIAS A G. An Optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste in Abuja, Nigeria for Electrical Power Generation[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2019， 4(1)： 63-74. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74