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[1] Castaldi, M., van Deventer, J., Lavoie, J.M., Legrand, J., Nzihou, A., Pontikes, Y., Py, X., Vandecasteele, C., Vasudevan, P.T. & Verstraete, W., Progress and prospects in the field of biomass and waste to energy and added-value materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 8(6), pp. 1875–1884, 2017. [Crossref]
[2] Balat, M. & Balat, H., Progress in biodiesel proceedings. Applied Energy, 87, pp. 1815–1835, 2010. [Crossref]
[3] Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J.M. & Lopez, F.Z., Exhaust emissions from a diesel engine fuelled with transesterified waste olive oil. Fuel, 82(11), pp. 1311–1315, 2003. [Crossref]
[4] Lin, C.Y., Lin, H.A. & Hung, L.B., Fuel structure and properties of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process. Fuel, 859(12–13), pp. 1743–1749, 2006. [Crossref]
[5] Bankovic-llic, I.B., Stamenkovic, O.B. & Veljkovic, V.B., Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), pp. 3621–3647, 2012. [Crossref]
[6] Bankovic-llic, I.B., Stojkovic, I.J., Stamenkovic, O.S., Veljkovic, V.B. & Hung, Y.T., Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, pp. 238–254, 2014. [Crossref]
[7] Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Aziz, A.R.A. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: a review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,19(1), pp. 14–26, 2013. [Crossref]
[8] Reddy, C.R.V., Oshel, R. & Verkade, J.G., Room-temperature conversion of soyabean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalysed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides. Energy Fuels, 20(6), pp. 1310–1314, 2006. [Crossref]
[9] Toda, M., Takagaki, A., Okamura, M., Kondo, J.N., Hayashi, S., Domen, K. & Hara, M., Green chemistry: biodiesel made with sugar catalyst. Nature, 438(7065), pp. 178–178, 2005. [Crossref]
[10] Budarin, V., Clark, J.H., Hardy, J.J., Luque, R., Milkowski, K., Tavener, S.J. & Wilson, A.J., Starbons: new starch-derived mesoporous carbonaceous materials with tunable properties. Angewandte Chemie, 118(23), pp. 3866–3870, 2006. [Crossref]
[11] Budarin, V.L., Clark, J.H., Luque, R., Macquarrie, D.J., Koutinas, A. & Webb, C., Tunable mesoporous materials optimized for aqueous phase esterification. Green Chemistry, 9(9), pp. 992–995, 2007. [Crossref]
[12] Kitano, M., Arai, K., Kodama, A., Kousaka, T., Nakajima, K., Hayashi, S. & Hara, M., Preparation of a sulfonated porous carbon catalyst with the high specific surface area. Catalysis Letters, 131(1–2), pp. 242–249, 2009. [Crossref]
[13] Shu, Q., Zhang, Q., Xu, G., Nawaz, Z., Wang, D. & Wang, J., Synthesis of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a carbon-based solid acid catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(7), pp. 1002–1008, 2009. [Crossref]
[14] Mo, X., Lotero, E., Lu, C., Liu, Y. & Goodwin, J.G., A novel sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Catalysis Letters, 123 (1–2), pp. 1–6, 2008. [Crossref]
[15] Liu, Y., Chen, J., Yao, J., Lu, Y., Zhang, L. & Liu, X., Preparation and properties of sulfonated carbon-silica composites from sucrose dispersed on MCM-48. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148(1), pp. 201–206, 2009. [Crossref]
[16] Villa, A., Tessonnier, J.P., Majoulet, O., Su, D.S. & Schlögl, R., Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes as solid basic catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides. Chemical Communications, 29, pp. 4405–4407, 2009. [Crossref]
[17] Sontakke, A.D. & Jha, P., Study of esterification of waste cooking oil using solid acid catalyst derived from coconut coir. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 7(3), pp. 363–366, 2017.
[18] Atabani A.E., Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18, pp. 211–245, 2013. [Crossref]
[19] Iyer, P.V.R., Rao, T.R. & Grover, P.D., Biomass Thermo-Chemical Characterization, Chemical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, p. 45, 2002.
[20] Srihari, V. & Das, A., Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 1, p. 13, 2009.
[22] Siggia, S, Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Groups, 3rd edn., John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey, p. 54, 1967.
[23] Chouhan, A.S. & Sarma, A.K., Modern heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: a comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(9), pp. 4378–4399, 2011. [Crossref]
[24] Chitra, P., Venkatachalam, P. & Sampathrajan, A., Optimisation of experimental conditions for biodiesel production from alkali-catalysed transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil. Energy for Sustainable Development, 9, pp. 13–18, 2005. [Crossref]
[25] Bankovic-Ilic, I.B., Stamenkovic, O.S. & Veljkovic, V.B., Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, pp. 3621–3647, 2012. [Crossref]
[26] Verma, P. & Sharma, M.P., Comparative analysis of the effect of methanol and ethanol on Karanja biodiesel production and its optimisation. Fuel, 180, pp. 164–174, 2016. [Crossref]
[27] Phan, A.N. & Phan, T.M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Fuel, 87, pp. 3490–3496, 2008. [Crossref]
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Open Access
Research article

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir

Pushpa Jha1,
Ankush Sontakke2
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, India
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 3, Issue 2, 2018
|
Pages 122-131
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
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Abstract:

In the quest for cost-effective production of biodiesel, selection of cheap feedstocks and catalysts play the significant role. Waste cooking oil is abundantly available from all types of restaurants throughout the world. Catalyst selected for this feedstock should be heterogeneous. Coconut coir, which is bio- mass and source of carbon, was selected for its study as a catalyst for biodiesel production. This paper is based on a comparison of a solid catalyst by two processes: (i) sulphonation of coconut coir char (pyrolysed at 500°C for 3 hours) and (ii) digestion of pyrolysed coconut coir with 10% NaOH at 70°C for 4 hours followed by sulphonation. Comparison of both the solid catalysts thus prepared was done based on their physical properties, total acid density, SEM and FT-IR analysis. The higher percentage of fixed carbon content, higher acid density and BET surface area, better morphological surface and pronounced presence of sulphonic (-SO3H), carboxylic (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups favours the selection of catalyst prepared by the second method for further study for biodiesel formation using waste cooking oil as the feedstock. Effects of various parameters on biodiesel production: alcohol to oil ratio (A:O), time of reaction, reaction temperature and catalyst loading were studied. At the optimised conditions, the biodiesel conversion was 90.12%. Biodiesel produced by the method was characterised regarding fuel properties and were found close with the standard values.

Keywords: activated carbon, Biodiesel, biomass, characterisation, coconut coir, esterification, FFA conversion, fuel, renewable energy, solid catalyst
References
[1] Castaldi, M., van Deventer, J., Lavoie, J.M., Legrand, J., Nzihou, A., Pontikes, Y., Py, X., Vandecasteele, C., Vasudevan, P.T. & Verstraete, W., Progress and prospects in the field of biomass and waste to energy and added-value materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 8(6), pp. 1875–1884, 2017. [Crossref]
[2] Balat, M. & Balat, H., Progress in biodiesel proceedings. Applied Energy, 87, pp. 1815–1835, 2010. [Crossref]
[3] Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J.M. & Lopez, F.Z., Exhaust emissions from a diesel engine fuelled with transesterified waste olive oil. Fuel, 82(11), pp. 1311–1315, 2003. [Crossref]
[4] Lin, C.Y., Lin, H.A. & Hung, L.B., Fuel structure and properties of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process. Fuel, 859(12–13), pp. 1743–1749, 2006. [Crossref]
[5] Bankovic-llic, I.B., Stamenkovic, O.B. & Veljkovic, V.B., Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), pp. 3621–3647, 2012. [Crossref]
[6] Bankovic-llic, I.B., Stojkovic, I.J., Stamenkovic, O.S., Veljkovic, V.B. & Hung, Y.T., Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, pp. 238–254, 2014. [Crossref]
[7] Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Aziz, A.R.A. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: a review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,19(1), pp. 14–26, 2013. [Crossref]
[8] Reddy, C.R.V., Oshel, R. & Verkade, J.G., Room-temperature conversion of soyabean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalysed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides. Energy Fuels, 20(6), pp. 1310–1314, 2006. [Crossref]
[9] Toda, M., Takagaki, A., Okamura, M., Kondo, J.N., Hayashi, S., Domen, K. & Hara, M., Green chemistry: biodiesel made with sugar catalyst. Nature, 438(7065), pp. 178–178, 2005. [Crossref]
[10] Budarin, V., Clark, J.H., Hardy, J.J., Luque, R., Milkowski, K., Tavener, S.J. & Wilson, A.J., Starbons: new starch-derived mesoporous carbonaceous materials with tunable properties. Angewandte Chemie, 118(23), pp. 3866–3870, 2006. [Crossref]
[11] Budarin, V.L., Clark, J.H., Luque, R., Macquarrie, D.J., Koutinas, A. & Webb, C., Tunable mesoporous materials optimized for aqueous phase esterification. Green Chemistry, 9(9), pp. 992–995, 2007. [Crossref]
[12] Kitano, M., Arai, K., Kodama, A., Kousaka, T., Nakajima, K., Hayashi, S. & Hara, M., Preparation of a sulfonated porous carbon catalyst with the high specific surface area. Catalysis Letters, 131(1–2), pp. 242–249, 2009. [Crossref]
[13] Shu, Q., Zhang, Q., Xu, G., Nawaz, Z., Wang, D. & Wang, J., Synthesis of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a carbon-based solid acid catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(7), pp. 1002–1008, 2009. [Crossref]
[14] Mo, X., Lotero, E., Lu, C., Liu, Y. & Goodwin, J.G., A novel sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Catalysis Letters, 123 (1–2), pp. 1–6, 2008. [Crossref]
[15] Liu, Y., Chen, J., Yao, J., Lu, Y., Zhang, L. & Liu, X., Preparation and properties of sulfonated carbon-silica composites from sucrose dispersed on MCM-48. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148(1), pp. 201–206, 2009. [Crossref]
[16] Villa, A., Tessonnier, J.P., Majoulet, O., Su, D.S. & Schlögl, R., Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes as solid basic catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides. Chemical Communications, 29, pp. 4405–4407, 2009. [Crossref]
[17] Sontakke, A.D. & Jha, P., Study of esterification of waste cooking oil using solid acid catalyst derived from coconut coir. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 7(3), pp. 363–366, 2017.
[18] Atabani A.E., Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18, pp. 211–245, 2013. [Crossref]
[19] Iyer, P.V.R., Rao, T.R. & Grover, P.D., Biomass Thermo-Chemical Characterization, Chemical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, p. 45, 2002.
[20] Srihari, V. & Das, A., Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 1, p. 13, 2009.
[22] Siggia, S, Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Groups, 3rd edn., John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey, p. 54, 1967.
[23] Chouhan, A.S. & Sarma, A.K., Modern heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: a comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(9), pp. 4378–4399, 2011. [Crossref]
[24] Chitra, P., Venkatachalam, P. & Sampathrajan, A., Optimisation of experimental conditions for biodiesel production from alkali-catalysed transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil. Energy for Sustainable Development, 9, pp. 13–18, 2005. [Crossref]
[25] Bankovic-Ilic, I.B., Stamenkovic, O.S. & Veljkovic, V.B., Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, pp. 3621–3647, 2012. [Crossref]
[26] Verma, P. & Sharma, M.P., Comparative analysis of the effect of methanol and ethanol on Karanja biodiesel production and its optimisation. Fuel, 180, pp. 164–174, 2016. [Crossref]
[27] Phan, A.N. & Phan, T.M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Fuel, 87, pp. 3490–3496, 2008. [Crossref]
Cite this:
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MLA Style
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GB-T-7714-2015
Jha, P. & Ankush Sontakke (2018). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 3(2), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131
P. Jha and Ankush Sontakke, "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 122-131, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131
@research-article{Jha2018BiodieselPF,
title={Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir},
author={Pushpa Jha and Ankush Sontakke},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2018},
page={122-131},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131}
}
Pushpa Jha, et al. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 3, pp 122-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131
Pushpa Jha and Ankush Sontakke. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 3, (2018): 122-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131
JHA P， Ankush Sontakke. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2018， 3(2)： 122-131. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N2-122-131