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[1] ETP, “White paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. Commission of the European communities,” p. 2010, 2001.
[2] European Commission, “Alternative fuels for sustainable mobility in Europe - European Commission,” 2013 [Online], available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/cpt_en (accessed 17 July 2017).
[3] EEGFTF, “Future Transport Fuels, Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels,” Düsseldorf, 2011.
[4] European Environment Agency, “Electric vehicles and the energy sector - impacts on Europe’s future emissions — European Environment Agency,” 2016 [Online], available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/transport/electric-vehicles/electric-vehicles-andenergy (accessed 17 July 2017).
[5] Hekkert, M.P., Hendriks, F.H.J.F., Faaij, A.P.C. & Neelis, M.L., Natural gas as an alternative to crude oil in automotive fuel chains well-to-wheel analysis and transition strategy development. Energy Policy, 33(5), pp. 579–594, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] DENA, “LNG in Germany: Liquefied Natural Gas and Renewable Methane in HeavyDuty Road Transport,” 2014 [Online], available at: http://www.dena.de/en/topics/energy-efficient-transport-systems.html (accessed 17 July 2017).
[7] Osorio-Tejada, J.L., Llera-Sastresa, E. & Scarpellini, S., Liquefied natural gas: could it be a reliable option for road freight transport in the EU? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, pp. 785–795, 2017. [Crossref]
[8] Yeh, S., An empirical analysis on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: the case of natural gas vehicles. Energy Policy, 35(11), pp. 5865–5875, 2007. [Crossref]
[9] Chamberlain, G.A., MANAGEMENT OF LARGE LNG HAZARDS, 2006 [Online], available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.567.7712&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed 17 July 2017).
[10] Fedorova, E.B., Fedorov, V.V. & Shakhov, A.D., Promising technology for recovery and use of liquefied natural gas cryogenic engineering, production and use of industrial gases, refrigeration engineering. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 45(3), pp. 3–4, 2009.
[11] GASNAM, Estrategia de Impulso del vehículo con energías alternativas (VEA) en España (2014–2020), 2015.
[12] European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, “DIRECTIVE 2014/94/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL - of 22 October 2014 - on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure -,” 2014.
[13] Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Mors, F., Koch, A.M., Graf, F., Bajohr, S., Reimert, R. & Kolb, T., Renewable Power-to-Gas: a technological and economic review. Renewable Energy, 85, pp. 1371–1390, 2016. [Crossref]
[14] Rönsch, S., Schneider, J., Matthischke, S., Schlüter, M., Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Prabhakaran, P. & Bajohr, S., Review on methanation – From fundamentals to current projects. Fuel, 166, pp. 276–296, 2016. [Crossref]
[15] Streibel, M., Nakaten, N., Kempka, T. & Kühn, M., Analysis of an integrated carbon cycle for storage of renewables. Energy Procedia, 40, pp. 202–211, 2013. [Crossref]
[16] Kühn, M., Nakaten, N., Streibel, M. & Kempka, T., CO2 geological storage and utilization for a carbon neutral “power-to-gas-to-power” cycle to even out fluctuations of renewable energy provision. Energy Procedia, 63, pp. 8044–8049, 2014. [Crossref]
[17] Bailera, M., Lisbona, P., Romeo, L.M. & Espatolero, S., Power to gas projects review: lab, pilot and demo plants for storing renewable energy and CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, pp. 292–312, 2017. [Crossref]
[18] Estermann, T., Newborough, M. & Sterner, M., Power-to-gas systems for absorbing excess solar power in electricity distribution networks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(32), pp. 13950–13959, 2016.
[19] Qadrdan, M., Abeysekera, M., Chaudry, M., Wu, J. & Jenkins, N., Role of power-to-gas in an integrated gas and electricity system in Great Britain. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(17), pp. 5763–5775, 2015. [Crossref]
[20] Emonts, B., Schiebahn, S., Görner, K., Lindenberger, D., Markewitz, P., Merten, F. & Stolten, D., Re-energizing energy supply: electrolytically-produced hydrogen as a flexible energy storage medium and fuel for road transport. Journal of Power Sources, 342, pp. 320–326, 2017. [Crossref]
[21] Bailera, M., Espatolero, S., Lisbona, P. & Romeo, L.M., Power to gas-electrochemical industry hybrid systems: a case study. Applied Energy, 202, pp. 435–446, 2017. [Crossref]
[22] Bünger, U., Landinger, H., Pschorr-Schoberer, E., Schmidt, P. & Weindorf, W., Powerto-Gas (PtG) in transport Status quo and perspectives for development. Naumann (dbfz); A. Lischke (DLR) Munich, 2014 [Online]. Available at: http://www.lbst.de/ressources/docs2014/mks-studie-ptg-transport-status-quo-and-perspectives-for-development.pdf. (accessed 17 July 2017)
[23] Vo, T.T.Q., Xia, A., Wall, D.M. & Murphy, J.D., Use of surplus wind electricity in Ireland to produce compressed renewable gaseous transport fuel through biological power to gas systems. Renewable Energy, 105, pp. 495–504, 2017. [Crossref]
[24] Schneider, L. & Kö, E., The geographic potential of Power-to-Gas in a German model region - Trier-Amprion 5. Journal of Energy Storage, 1, pp. 1–6, 2015. [Crossref]
[25] Sterner, M., Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik., and Institut für Elektrische Energietechnik Rationelle Energiewandlung., Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable energy systems: limiting global warming by transforming energy systems. Kassel University Press, 2009.
[26] Sullivan, J.M. & Sivak, M., Carbon capture in vehicles: a review of general support, available mechanisms, and consumer acceptance issues. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, 2012.
[27] IPCC, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B., O. Davidson, H. C. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
[28] E&E Consultant Environement Energie, “Etude portant sur l’hydrogène et la méthanation comme procédé de valorisation de l’électricité excédentaire,” 2014. [Online]. Available at: http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/engagements/documents/fr/Power-toGas-etude-ADEME-GRTgaz-GrDF-complete.pdf (accessed 17 July 2017).
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJEPM from 2025 Vol. 10, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport

e. llera1,
l. m. romeo1,
m. bailera1,
j. l. osorio2
1
Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, María de Luna, Zaragoza, Spain
2
CIRCE Institute -Universidad de Zaragoza, CIRCE Building – Campus Río Ebro, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, Spain
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2018
|
Pages 1-9
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

The de-carbonization of the transport sector is a particularly complex challenge as greenhouse gases are delocalized and diffused. Therefore, the problem has to be tackled from the source of the emissions, and efforts in the scientific and technological field must seek out new energy vectors of high density, neutral in CO2 and based on renewable energy that meet the sector demands and requisites. This could be the case of the synthetic natural gas which can be produced through the Power to Gas process (PtG). This process, originally developed by the German institutes ZSW and IWES, converts electricity into synthetic natural gas (SNG) via the methanation of CO2 together with H2 from water electrolysis. The energy content of the produced methane comes from the primary source for power generation (optimally renewable electricity) and it is possible to produce a CO2 neutral fuel by capturing the carbon emissions from an existing source. In addition, the PtG process can be seen as a new concept of renewable energy and CO2 hybrid storage. This paper identifies the possibilities that the Power to Gas technology offers for the production of sustainable methane and the existing potential for the symbiosis of industrial sectors through optimization of their waste streams of matter and energy. In particular power and transport sectors are considered and the outline of a small facility for the generation of synthetic natural gas from renewable electricity and its consumption in the vehicles of a road freight company is presented as a case study. Not only the technical feasibility but the economic viability of the process and the environmental improvements resulting from the use of a renewable fuel free of CO2 emissions in terms of carbon footprint are evaluated.

Keywords: Alternative fuels, Carbon capture, Energy storage, Power-to-gas, Synthetic natural gas
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] ETP, “White paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. Commission of the European communities,” p. 2010, 2001.
[2] European Commission, “Alternative fuels for sustainable mobility in Europe - European Commission,” 2013 [Online], available at: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/cpt_en (accessed 17 July 2017).
[3] EEGFTF, “Future Transport Fuels, Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels,” Düsseldorf, 2011.
[4] European Environment Agency, “Electric vehicles and the energy sector - impacts on Europe’s future emissions — European Environment Agency,” 2016 [Online], available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/transport/electric-vehicles/electric-vehicles-andenergy (accessed 17 July 2017).
[5] Hekkert, M.P., Hendriks, F.H.J.F., Faaij, A.P.C. & Neelis, M.L., Natural gas as an alternative to crude oil in automotive fuel chains well-to-wheel analysis and transition strategy development. Energy Policy, 33(5), pp. 579–594, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] DENA, “LNG in Germany: Liquefied Natural Gas and Renewable Methane in HeavyDuty Road Transport,” 2014 [Online], available at: http://www.dena.de/en/topics/energy-efficient-transport-systems.html (accessed 17 July 2017).
[7] Osorio-Tejada, J.L., Llera-Sastresa, E. & Scarpellini, S., Liquefied natural gas: could it be a reliable option for road freight transport in the EU? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, pp. 785–795, 2017. [Crossref]
[8] Yeh, S., An empirical analysis on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: the case of natural gas vehicles. Energy Policy, 35(11), pp. 5865–5875, 2007. [Crossref]
[9] Chamberlain, G.A., MANAGEMENT OF LARGE LNG HAZARDS, 2006 [Online], available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.567.7712&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed 17 July 2017).
[10] Fedorova, E.B., Fedorov, V.V. & Shakhov, A.D., Promising technology for recovery and use of liquefied natural gas cryogenic engineering, production and use of industrial gases, refrigeration engineering. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 45(3), pp. 3–4, 2009.
[11] GASNAM, Estrategia de Impulso del vehículo con energías alternativas (VEA) en España (2014–2020), 2015.
[12] European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, “DIRECTIVE 2014/94/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL - of 22 October 2014 - on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure -,” 2014.
[13] Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Mors, F., Koch, A.M., Graf, F., Bajohr, S., Reimert, R. & Kolb, T., Renewable Power-to-Gas: a technological and economic review. Renewable Energy, 85, pp. 1371–1390, 2016. [Crossref]
[14] Rönsch, S., Schneider, J., Matthischke, S., Schlüter, M., Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Prabhakaran, P. & Bajohr, S., Review on methanation – From fundamentals to current projects. Fuel, 166, pp. 276–296, 2016. [Crossref]
[15] Streibel, M., Nakaten, N., Kempka, T. & Kühn, M., Analysis of an integrated carbon cycle for storage of renewables. Energy Procedia, 40, pp. 202–211, 2013. [Crossref]
[16] Kühn, M., Nakaten, N., Streibel, M. & Kempka, T., CO2 geological storage and utilization for a carbon neutral “power-to-gas-to-power” cycle to even out fluctuations of renewable energy provision. Energy Procedia, 63, pp. 8044–8049, 2014. [Crossref]
[17] Bailera, M., Lisbona, P., Romeo, L.M. & Espatolero, S., Power to gas projects review: lab, pilot and demo plants for storing renewable energy and CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, pp. 292–312, 2017. [Crossref]
[18] Estermann, T., Newborough, M. & Sterner, M., Power-to-gas systems for absorbing excess solar power in electricity distribution networks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(32), pp. 13950–13959, 2016.
[19] Qadrdan, M., Abeysekera, M., Chaudry, M., Wu, J. & Jenkins, N., Role of power-to-gas in an integrated gas and electricity system in Great Britain. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(17), pp. 5763–5775, 2015. [Crossref]
[20] Emonts, B., Schiebahn, S., Görner, K., Lindenberger, D., Markewitz, P., Merten, F. & Stolten, D., Re-energizing energy supply: electrolytically-produced hydrogen as a flexible energy storage medium and fuel for road transport. Journal of Power Sources, 342, pp. 320–326, 2017. [Crossref]
[21] Bailera, M., Espatolero, S., Lisbona, P. & Romeo, L.M., Power to gas-electrochemical industry hybrid systems: a case study. Applied Energy, 202, pp. 435–446, 2017. [Crossref]
[22] Bünger, U., Landinger, H., Pschorr-Schoberer, E., Schmidt, P. & Weindorf, W., Powerto-Gas (PtG) in transport Status quo and perspectives for development. Naumann (dbfz); A. Lischke (DLR) Munich, 2014 [Online]. Available at: http://www.lbst.de/ressources/docs2014/mks-studie-ptg-transport-status-quo-and-perspectives-for-development.pdf. (accessed 17 July 2017)
[23] Vo, T.T.Q., Xia, A., Wall, D.M. & Murphy, J.D., Use of surplus wind electricity in Ireland to produce compressed renewable gaseous transport fuel through biological power to gas systems. Renewable Energy, 105, pp. 495–504, 2017. [Crossref]
[24] Schneider, L. & Kö, E., The geographic potential of Power-to-Gas in a German model region - Trier-Amprion 5. Journal of Energy Storage, 1, pp. 1–6, 2015. [Crossref]
[25] Sterner, M., Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik., and Institut für Elektrische Energietechnik Rationelle Energiewandlung., Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable energy systems: limiting global warming by transforming energy systems. Kassel University Press, 2009.
[26] Sullivan, J.M. & Sivak, M., Carbon capture in vehicles: a review of general support, available mechanisms, and consumer acceptance issues. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, 2012.
[27] IPCC, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B., O. Davidson, H. C. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
[28] E&E Consultant Environement Energie, “Etude portant sur l’hydrogène et la méthanation comme procédé de valorisation de l’électricité excédentaire,” 2014. [Online]. Available at: http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/engagements/documents/fr/Power-toGas-etude-ADEME-GRTgaz-GrDF-complete.pdf (accessed 17 July 2017).
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Llera, E., Romeo, L. M., Bailera, M., & Osorio, J. L. (2018). Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9
E. Llera, L. M. Romeo, M. Bailera, and J. L. Osorio, "Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9
@research-article{Llera2018ExploringTI,
title={Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport},
author={E. Llera and L. M. Romeo and M. Bailera and J. L. Osorio},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2018},
page={1-9},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9}
}
E. Llera, et al. "Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 3, pp 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9
E. Llera, L. M. Romeo, M. Bailera and J. L. Osorio. "Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 3, (2018): 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9
LLERA E， ROMEO LM， BAILERA M， et al. Exploring the Integration of the Power to Gas Technologies and the Sustainable Transport[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2018， 3(1)： 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V3-N1-1-9