Efficient Energy Management System at Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait, a CASE Study

The systemic waste of natural resources in the Gulf is eroding economic resilience to shocks and increasing security risks. The six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries now consume more primary energy than the whole of Africa. Almost $100 \%$ of energy is produced from oil and gas without carbon dioxide abatement. If the region's fuel demand were to continue rising as it has over the last decade, it would double by 2024 .

This is a deeply undesirable prospect for both the national security of each state and the global environment. KOC was established in 1934, is one of the largest oil exporter in the world, headquartered in Ahmadi, Kuwait. The Company activities had extended to include exploration operations, on-shore and offshore surveys, drilling of test wells, and developing of producing fields in addition to crude and natural gas exploration.

KOC undertaken a pilot study consisting of three process units and two main buildings. The task was to create an energy baseline & identify the potential energy saving opportunities.

All energy sources have been considered in the study and wherever the data was available have been analyzed for performance and the opportunities in the five selected pilot sites. They have conducted a detailed study after site visits and interactions with the process owners and identified the potential areas for improvement with recommendation. The selected pilot sites are mentioned below [1].

• Gathering Center (GC-04)

• Booster Station (BS-160)

• Effluent Water Disposable Plant (EWDP – II)

• KOC Main Office Building

• KOC New Office Complex Building (B1)

The program was developed in accordance with national and internal standards ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management System (EnMS) Requirements [2]. KOC has already appointed a Management Representative, Core energy management team to guide and take forward the energy improvement activities. Energy Policy has been defined. Training on ISO 50001 awareness has been provided to the employees & contractors.

The study was comply with national and international regulations on energy conservation code for buildings [3]. Further, the State of Kuwait State of Kuwait is a signatory to COP#21 wherein it has committed to reduce the impact on environment by reducing the greenhouse gases [4]. To achieve this KOC has to reduce its burning of fossil fuel.

Based on the data made available, the baseline for all the five pilot sites have been made and analyzed. The data period has been considered from Oct'2013 to Mar'2015 (18 months period). The Target for each site has been derived using the six-sigma concept considering a confidence level of 70%. Energy Conservation Plan that has been identified [5] is addressed in the Energy savings and cost effective opportunities.

Significant energy use refers to energy use accounting for substantial energy consumption and/or offering considerable potential for energy performance improvement. In line with this, significant energy use equipment/processes were identified based on the electrical load data furnished for GC-04. The share of total connected load of equipment & machineries, which are presently operated are depicted below to understand and highlight the significant power consumers [6].

Significant energy use refers to energy use accounting for substantial energy consumption and/or offering considerable potential for energy performance improvement. In line with this, significant energy use equipment/processes were identified based on the electrical load data furnished for BS - 160 [7]. The share of total energy use is evolved to understand the contribution of thermal energy (fuel gas) and electrical energy in the day-to-day operations of BS 160 is depicted in figure below.

The thermal energy is used only in sludge separators and rest of other systems utilizes electrical energy and majority of them are motor driven equipment. The share of total connected load of equipment & machineries, which are presently operated are depicted to understand and highlight the significant power guzzlers.

Significant energy use equipment/processes were identified based on the electrical load data furnished for main office building. The share of total connected load of electrical equipment & machineries.

The major variables affecting the energy use for new office complex has identified based on observations, analysis and understanding of process operations and energy utilization [8].

Further the trend for electricity consumption vs ambient temperature is evolved for the baseline period to visualize the impact of climatic variations on electricity as depicted in the below [9].

The site-specific observations comprises identification of significant energy use discussed above and existing & identified energy savings opportunities are summarized for all five pilot sites in below table [10].

The company should creating baseline for other process units, in order to monitor and verify the energy performance. Further, metering & sub metering system for electrical and thermal where not available, be provided on priority. (Energy meters and Flow meters). A comprehensive investment grade energy audit (IGA) should be conducted to for each process site and buildings for capturing the individual equipment performance and identify the losses and pin point energy conservation opportunities and also Carry out Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) for the HVAC system for the buildings to improve the chiller efficiency and performance.

Additionally, increase the use of renewable and clean energy technologies such as Solar PV in office buildings (use of Solar PV for lighting load in main & new office buildings to replace the conventional power source), Solar Thermal technologies in process heating and use of LNG instead of fossil fuel based electricity. For the Green building concept, KOC needs to get certified to ISO 50001 and then follow the LEED reference guide for Building Design & Construction v4 [11].