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[1] Dincer, I., Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, pp. 157–175, 2000. [Crossref]
[2] Tong, W., Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design, WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering, vol. 44, WIT Press: Southampton and Boston, p. 20, 2010.
[3] Britter, R.E. & Hanna, S.R., Flow and dispersion in urban areas. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 35, pp. 469–496, 2003. [Crossref]
[4] Abohela, I., Neveen, H. & Dudek, S. Effect of roof shape, wind direction, building height and urban configuration on the energy yield and positioning of roof mounted wind turbines. Renewable Energy, 50, pp. 1106–1118 2013. [Crossref]
[5] Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N. & Bossanyi, E., Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2001.
[6] Environmental Protection Department Highways Department. Guidelines on Design of Noise Barriers, pp. 4–5, 2003.
[7] Dutch Government. Wet- en regelgeving (in Dutch), available from: http:// www.wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0022762/2017-02-02#Hoofdstuk3_Afdeling32_323 (Accessed on: 31 April 2017).
[8] Gill Instruments Limited. Windmaster Pro 3-Axis Anemometer, available at: http:// www.gillinstruments.com/products/anemometer/windmaster- pro.html. (Accessed on: 24 April 2017).
[9] Dighe, V.V., Avallone, F., Tang, J. & van Bussel, G.J.W., Effects of Gurney Flap on the performance of Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines. 35th Wind Energy Symposium, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, p. 3, 2017.
[10] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: Turbine to scale drawing, available at: http://www.futuren- ergy.co.uk/ pdf_doc/Airforce1TurbinetoScaleDrawing.pdf. (Accessed on 3 May 2017).
[11] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 24 V wind turbine power curve, available at: http:// www.futurenergy.co.uk/pdf_doc/24VTurbineSpec&PowerCurve.pdf. (Accessed on: 3 May 2017).
[12] Ozbay, A., Tian, W., Yang, Z. & Hu, H. Interference of Wind Turbines with Different Yaw Angles of the Upstream Wind Turbine, 42nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics, p. 2719, 2012.
[13] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 1kW Airforce Wind Turbine Noise Assessment, available at: http://www.futurenergy.co.uk/pdf_doc/Airforce1NoiseAssessment.pdf. (Accessed on: 27 March 2017).
[14] Vargas, C., Understanding the basics of sound control, April 2007.
[15] Sengpielaudio. Table of sound levels L (loudness of noise) with corresponding sound pressure and sound intensity, available at: http://www.sengpielaudio.com/TableOf- SoundPressureLevels.htm. (Accessed on: 28 April 2017).
[16] The Wind Power Program. Wind statistics and the Weibull distribution, available at: http://www.wind-power-program.com/wind_statistics.htm. (Accessed on: 3 May 2017).
[17] Justus, C., Hargraves, W., Mikhail, A. & Graber, D. Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 17, pp. 350–353, 1978. <0350:mfewsf>2.0.co;2 [Crossref]
[18] Lubitz, W.D., Impact of ambient turbulence on performance of a small wind turbine. Renewable Energy, 61, pp. 69–73, 2014. [Crossref]
[19] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Levelized Cost and Levelized Avoided Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2017, April 2017.
[20] Energy Saving Trust. Wind Turbines, available at: http://www.energysavingtrust.org. uk/renewable-energy/electricity/wind-turbines. (Accessed on: 1 May 2017).
[21] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 1kW Upwind Turbine, available at: http://www.futurenergy. co.uk/turbine.html. (Accessed on: 24 April 2017).
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJEPM from 2025 Vol. 10, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment

simon van overeem,
louis alen,
yair brouwer,
andre d. van dam,
glenn m. van dekken,
geoffrey h. garrett,
sven geboers,
jelle a. w. poland,
harry w. s. aldridge,
vinit v. dighe,
nikolaos chrysochoidis-antsos
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 2, Issue 4, 2017
|
Pages 327-338
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Wind flow in urban environments could be seen as a potential source of energy. This form of energy could be exploited by means of micro wind turbines placed along the existing infrastructures. To test this, an outdoor campaign was organised, which recorded the wind characteristics at different locations around a highway noise barrier in Delft, the Netherlands. The real-time data set was validated with a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics study. Both the influence of the high turbulence and the inflow angle on the positioning of the micro wind turbines are assessed for the case of perpendicular flow towards the plane of the noise barrier. Results indicated that integrating micro wind turbines with the noise barriers proves advantageous due to the flow velocity increment downstream. Lastly, a noise assessment was conducted in order to determine the optimal spacing between micro wind turbines, which impacts its social acceptance.

Keywords: CFD, Noise assessment, Noise barrier, Urban environment, Wind turbines
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Dincer, I., Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, pp. 157–175, 2000. [Crossref]
[2] Tong, W., Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design, WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering, vol. 44, WIT Press: Southampton and Boston, p. 20, 2010.
[3] Britter, R.E. & Hanna, S.R., Flow and dispersion in urban areas. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 35, pp. 469–496, 2003. [Crossref]
[4] Abohela, I., Neveen, H. & Dudek, S. Effect of roof shape, wind direction, building height and urban configuration on the energy yield and positioning of roof mounted wind turbines. Renewable Energy, 50, pp. 1106–1118 2013. [Crossref]
[5] Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N. & Bossanyi, E., Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2001.
[6] Environmental Protection Department Highways Department. Guidelines on Design of Noise Barriers, pp. 4–5, 2003.
[7] Dutch Government. Wet- en regelgeving (in Dutch), available from: http:// www.wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0022762/2017-02-02#Hoofdstuk3_Afdeling32_323 (Accessed on: 31 April 2017).
[8] Gill Instruments Limited. Windmaster Pro 3-Axis Anemometer, available at: http:// www.gillinstruments.com/products/anemometer/windmaster- pro.html. (Accessed on: 24 April 2017).
[9] Dighe, V.V., Avallone, F., Tang, J. & van Bussel, G.J.W., Effects of Gurney Flap on the performance of Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines. 35th Wind Energy Symposium, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, p. 3, 2017.
[10] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: Turbine to scale drawing, available at: http://www.futuren- ergy.co.uk/ pdf_doc/Airforce1TurbinetoScaleDrawing.pdf. (Accessed on 3 May 2017).
[11] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 24 V wind turbine power curve, available at: http:// www.futurenergy.co.uk/pdf_doc/24VTurbineSpec&PowerCurve.pdf. (Accessed on: 3 May 2017).
[12] Ozbay, A., Tian, W., Yang, Z. & Hu, H. Interference of Wind Turbines with Different Yaw Angles of the Upstream Wind Turbine, 42nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics, p. 2719, 2012.
[13] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 1kW Airforce Wind Turbine Noise Assessment, available at: http://www.futurenergy.co.uk/pdf_doc/Airforce1NoiseAssessment.pdf. (Accessed on: 27 March 2017).
[14] Vargas, C., Understanding the basics of sound control, April 2007.
[15] Sengpielaudio. Table of sound levels L (loudness of noise) with corresponding sound pressure and sound intensity, available at: http://www.sengpielaudio.com/TableOf- SoundPressureLevels.htm. (Accessed on: 28 April 2017).
[16] The Wind Power Program. Wind statistics and the Weibull distribution, available at: http://www.wind-power-program.com/wind_statistics.htm. (Accessed on: 3 May 2017).
[17] Justus, C., Hargraves, W., Mikhail, A. & Graber, D. Methods for estimating wind speed frequency distributions. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 17, pp. 350–353, 1978. <0350:mfewsf>2.0.co;2 [Crossref]
[18] Lubitz, W.D., Impact of ambient turbulence on performance of a small wind turbine. Renewable Energy, 61, pp. 69–73, 2014. [Crossref]
[19] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Levelized Cost and Levelized Avoided Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2017, April 2017.
[20] Energy Saving Trust. Wind Turbines, available at: http://www.energysavingtrust.org. uk/renewable-energy/electricity/wind-turbines. (Accessed on: 1 May 2017).
[21] Accon-UK. FuturEnergy: 1kW Upwind Turbine, available at: http://www.futurenergy. co.uk/turbine.html. (Accessed on: 24 April 2017).
Cite this:
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Overeem, S. V., Alen, L., Brouwer, Y., Dam, A. D. V., Dekken, G. M. V., Garrett, G. H., Geboers, S., Poland, J. A. W., Aldridge, H. W. S., Dighe, V. V., & Chrysochoidis-antsos, N. (2017). Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 2(4), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338
S. V. Overeem, L. Alen, Y. Brouwer, A. D. V. Dam, G. M. V. Dekken, G. H. Garrett, S. Geboers, J. A. W. Poland, H. W. S. Aldridge, V. V. Dighe, and N. Chrysochoidis-antsos, "Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 327-338, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338
@research-article{Overeem2017WindAF,
title={Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment},
author={Simon Van Overeem and Louis Alen and Yair Brouwer and Andre D. Van Dam and Glenn M. Van Dekken and Geoffrey H. Garrett and Sven Geboers and Jelle A. W. Poland and Harry W. S. Aldridge and Vinit V. Dighe and Nikolaos Chrysochoidis-Antsos},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2017},
page={327-338},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338}
}
Simon Van Overeem, et al. "Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 2, pp 327-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338
Simon Van Overeem, Louis Alen, Yair Brouwer, Andre D. Van Dam, Glenn M. Van Dekken, Geoffrey H. Garrett, Sven Geboers, Jelle A. W. Poland, Harry W. S. Aldridge, Vinit V. Dighe and Nikolaos Chrysochoidis-Antsos. "Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 2, (2017): 327-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338
VAN OVEREEM S， ALEN L， BROUWER Y， et al. Wind Assessment for Micro Wind Turbines in an Urban Environment[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2017， 2(4)： 327-338. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N4-327-338