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[1] Council Directive 2012/27/EU of 25th October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027&from=EN. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[2] Cuerda, E., Pérez, M. & Neila, J., Facade typologies as a tool for selecting refurbishment measures for the Spanish residential building stock. Energy and Buildings, 76, pp. 119–129, 2014. [Crossref]
[3] Dascalaki, E.G., Droutsa, K.G., Balaras, C.A. & Kontoyiannidis, S., Building typologies as a tool for assessing the energy performance of residential buildings: a case study for the hellenic building stock. Energy and Buildings, 43(12), pp. 3400–3409, 2011. [Crossref]
[4] Proyecto EEI-TABULA. Available at: http://www.five.es/component/content/article/579-tabula. html. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[5] Santamouris, M. & Kolokotsa, D., Passive cooling dissipation techniques for buildings and other structures: the state of the art. Energy and Buildings, 57, pp. 74–94, 2013. [Crossref]
[6] Leth-Petersen, S. & Togeby, M., Demand for space heating in apartment blocks: measuring effects of policy measures aiming at reducing energy consumption. Energy Economics, 23, pp. 387–403, 2001. [Crossref]
[7] Reinhart, C. & Cerezo, C., Urban building energy modelling: a review of a nascent field. Building and Environment, 97, pp. 196–202, 2016. [Crossref]
[8] Ballarini, I., Corgnati, S.P. & Corrado, V., Use of reference buildings to assess the energy saving potentials of the residential building stock: The experience of TABULA project. Energy Policy, 68, pp. 273–284, 2014. [Crossref]
[9] Monteiro, C.S., Pina, A., Cerezo, C., Reinhart, C. & Ferrão, P., The use of multi-detail building archetypes in urban energy modelling. Energy Procedia, 111, pp. 817–825, 2017. [Crossref]
[10] Fracastoro, G.V. & Serraino, M., A methodology for assessing the energy performance of large scale building stocks and possible applications. Energy and Buildings, 43, pp. 844–852, 2011. [Crossref]
[11] Dall’O, G., Galante, A. & Pasetti, G., A methodology for evaluating the potential energy savings of retrofitting residential building stocks. Sustainable Cities and Society, 4, pp. 12–21, 2012. [Crossref]
[12] Dall’O, G., Galante, A. & Torri, M., A methodology for the energy performance classification of residential building stock on an urban scale. Energy and Buildings, 48, pp. 211–219, 2012. [Crossref]
[13] Caputo, P., Costa, G. & Ferrari, S., A supporting method for defining energy strategies in the building sector at urban scale. Energy Policy, 55, pp. 261–270, 2013. [Crossref]
[14] Caputo, P. & Pasetti, G., Overcoming the inertia of building energy retrofit at municipal level: The Italian challenge. Sustainable Cities and Society, 15, pp. 120–134, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] QGIS. Open Code Geographic Information System. Available at: http://www.qgis.org/es/site/. (Accessed 8 May 2017).
[16] Electronic Headquarters of Spanish Cadastre. Available at: http://www.sedecatastro.gob.es. (Accessed 8 May 2017).
[17] UNE-EN ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Instruments for measuring physical quantities. Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 2002.
[18] Blázquez, T., Suárez, R. & Sendra Salas, J.J., Monitoring a pre-normative multifamily housing case study in a Mediterranean climate. Buildings, 7(1), pp. 1–15, 2016. [Crossref]
[19] UNE-EN 13187:1998, Thermal performance of buildings. qualitative detection of thermal irregularities in building envelopes. Infrared method (ISO 6781:1983, modified). Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 1998.
[20] ISO 18434-1:2008, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Thermography - Part 1: General procedures, 2008.
[21] Fernández-Agüera, J. & Sendra, J. J., Protocols for measuring the airtightness of multi-dwelling units in Southern Europe. Procedia Engineering, 21, pp. 98–105, 2011. [Crossref]
[22] UNE-EN ISO 9972, Thermal performance of buildings - Determination of air permeability of buildings - Fan pressurization method. (ISO 9972:1996, modified). Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 1996.
[23] SCAI. Central Service for Research Support. University of Córdoba. Available at: http://www.uco.es/servicios/scai/estacion.html. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[24] Spanish Royal Decree RD 314/2006 of 17th Mar. 2006 on the approval of the Tech- nical Building Code. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2006/03/28/pdfs/A11816-11831.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[25] INE. Population and housing census 2011. Madrid: National Institute for Statistics, 2017. Available at: http://www.ine.es/censos2011_datos/cen11_datos_inicio.htm. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[26] CE3X. Accredited document for energy certification of existing buildings. Available at: http://www.efinova.es/CE3X. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[27] Order FOM/1635/2013 of 10th Sep. 2013 on the updating of the Basic Document DB-HE on Energy Saving of the Building Technical Code approved by Royal Decree 314/2006 of 17th March, 2006. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/09/12/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-9511.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[28] Spanish Royal Decree RD 2429/1979 of 8th Jul. 1979 on the approval of the Basic Norm on Construction NBE-CT-79 about Thermal Conditioning in Buildings. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1979/10/22/pdfs/A24524-24550.pdf. (Accessed 4 May, 2017).
[29] Spanish Royal Decree RD 238/2013 of 5th Apr. on the modification of several articles and technical instructions of the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings approved by Royal Decree 1027/2007 of 20th July 2007. Available at: http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/04/13/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-3905.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[30] Council Report of 18th April 2013 on Financial support for energy efficiency in buildings. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/report_financing_ee_buildings_com_2013_225_en.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[31] Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism. State Secretariat for Energy. 2014–2020 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, 2014. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_neeap_en_spain.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJEPM from 2025 Vol. 10, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City

teresa blázquez,
rafael suárez,
juan josé sendra
Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017
|
Pages 140-152
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
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Abstract:

construction process to meet H2020 requirements. Indeed, retrofitting current buildings is a major issue to be addressed. An analysis of the composition of the housing stock is needed to develop any sort of improving action in these buildings. New energy policies that may appear in the following years could benefit from detailed information of the current state of existing residential buildings.

The present paper is aimed to show a protocol to increase and implement the knowledge on social housing current state in southern Spain for further passive energy retrofitting interventions, which could allow for an improvement in indoor conditions too. To this aim, a top-down protocol is proposed to improve comfort conditions in social housing. A first phase corresponding to the creation of a GIS database is used to analyse social housing from an urban scale. Typologies and constructive characterization, energy assessment and a statistical approach is developed. This will allow for the acknowledgement of the most representative social dwellings in the city. A second phase, which corresponds to a dwelling scale, is thought to assess energy performance and the evolution of indoor environmental parameters in the previously selected dwellings, by in situ data measures and records, and the energy gradation of the dwellings by means of energy simulation software tools. This analysis will serve to propose integrated passive-energy solutions to retrofit thermal envelopes and to improve comfort conditions in social housing. The mentioned protocol is applied to the social housing stock that was built between 1950 and 1980 in Córdoba, a city from the south of Spain with Mediterranean weather conditions.

Keywords: Diagnosis, Energy performance, GIS, Housing stock, Mediterranean climate

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Case Study

4. Results

5. Conclusions

References
[1] Council Directive 2012/27/EU of 25th October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027&from=EN. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[2] Cuerda, E., Pérez, M. & Neila, J., Facade typologies as a tool for selecting refurbishment measures for the Spanish residential building stock. Energy and Buildings, 76, pp. 119–129, 2014. [Crossref]
[3] Dascalaki, E.G., Droutsa, K.G., Balaras, C.A. & Kontoyiannidis, S., Building typologies as a tool for assessing the energy performance of residential buildings: a case study for the hellenic building stock. Energy and Buildings, 43(12), pp. 3400–3409, 2011. [Crossref]
[4] Proyecto EEI-TABULA. Available at: http://www.five.es/component/content/article/579-tabula. html. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[5] Santamouris, M. & Kolokotsa, D., Passive cooling dissipation techniques for buildings and other structures: the state of the art. Energy and Buildings, 57, pp. 74–94, 2013. [Crossref]
[6] Leth-Petersen, S. & Togeby, M., Demand for space heating in apartment blocks: measuring effects of policy measures aiming at reducing energy consumption. Energy Economics, 23, pp. 387–403, 2001. [Crossref]
[7] Reinhart, C. & Cerezo, C., Urban building energy modelling: a review of a nascent field. Building and Environment, 97, pp. 196–202, 2016. [Crossref]
[8] Ballarini, I., Corgnati, S.P. & Corrado, V., Use of reference buildings to assess the energy saving potentials of the residential building stock: The experience of TABULA project. Energy Policy, 68, pp. 273–284, 2014. [Crossref]
[9] Monteiro, C.S., Pina, A., Cerezo, C., Reinhart, C. & Ferrão, P., The use of multi-detail building archetypes in urban energy modelling. Energy Procedia, 111, pp. 817–825, 2017. [Crossref]
[10] Fracastoro, G.V. & Serraino, M., A methodology for assessing the energy performance of large scale building stocks and possible applications. Energy and Buildings, 43, pp. 844–852, 2011. [Crossref]
[11] Dall’O, G., Galante, A. & Pasetti, G., A methodology for evaluating the potential energy savings of retrofitting residential building stocks. Sustainable Cities and Society, 4, pp. 12–21, 2012. [Crossref]
[12] Dall’O, G., Galante, A. & Torri, M., A methodology for the energy performance classification of residential building stock on an urban scale. Energy and Buildings, 48, pp. 211–219, 2012. [Crossref]
[13] Caputo, P., Costa, G. & Ferrari, S., A supporting method for defining energy strategies in the building sector at urban scale. Energy Policy, 55, pp. 261–270, 2013. [Crossref]
[14] Caputo, P. & Pasetti, G., Overcoming the inertia of building energy retrofit at municipal level: The Italian challenge. Sustainable Cities and Society, 15, pp. 120–134, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] QGIS. Open Code Geographic Information System. Available at: http://www.qgis.org/es/site/. (Accessed 8 May 2017).
[16] Electronic Headquarters of Spanish Cadastre. Available at: http://www.sedecatastro.gob.es. (Accessed 8 May 2017).
[17] UNE-EN ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Instruments for measuring physical quantities. Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 2002.
[18] Blázquez, T., Suárez, R. & Sendra Salas, J.J., Monitoring a pre-normative multifamily housing case study in a Mediterranean climate. Buildings, 7(1), pp. 1–15, 2016. [Crossref]
[19] UNE-EN 13187:1998, Thermal performance of buildings. qualitative detection of thermal irregularities in building envelopes. Infrared method (ISO 6781:1983, modified). Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 1998.
[20] ISO 18434-1:2008, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Thermography - Part 1: General procedures, 2008.
[21] Fernández-Agüera, J. & Sendra, J. J., Protocols for measuring the airtightness of multi-dwelling units in Southern Europe. Procedia Engineering, 21, pp. 98–105, 2011. [Crossref]
[22] UNE-EN ISO 9972, Thermal performance of buildings - Determination of air permeability of buildings - Fan pressurization method. (ISO 9972:1996, modified). Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR), 1996.
[23] SCAI. Central Service for Research Support. University of Córdoba. Available at: http://www.uco.es/servicios/scai/estacion.html. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[24] Spanish Royal Decree RD 314/2006 of 17th Mar. 2006 on the approval of the Tech- nical Building Code. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2006/03/28/pdfs/A11816-11831.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[25] INE. Population and housing census 2011. Madrid: National Institute for Statistics, 2017. Available at: http://www.ine.es/censos2011_datos/cen11_datos_inicio.htm. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[26] CE3X. Accredited document for energy certification of existing buildings. Available at: http://www.efinova.es/CE3X. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[27] Order FOM/1635/2013 of 10th Sep. 2013 on the updating of the Basic Document DB-HE on Energy Saving of the Building Technical Code approved by Royal Decree 314/2006 of 17th March, 2006. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/09/12/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-9511.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[28] Spanish Royal Decree RD 2429/1979 of 8th Jul. 1979 on the approval of the Basic Norm on Construction NBE-CT-79 about Thermal Conditioning in Buildings. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1979/10/22/pdfs/A24524-24550.pdf. (Accessed 4 May, 2017).
[29] Spanish Royal Decree RD 238/2013 of 5th Apr. on the modification of several articles and technical instructions of the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings approved by Royal Decree 1027/2007 of 20th July 2007. Available at: http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/04/13/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-3905.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[30] Council Report of 18th April 2013 on Financial support for energy efficiency in buildings. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/report_financing_ee_buildings_com_2013_225_en.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
[31] Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism. State Secretariat for Energy. 2014–2020 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, 2014. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_neeap_en_spain.pdf. (Accessed 8 May, 2017).
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Blázquez, T., Suárez, R., & Sendra, J. J. (2017). Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 2(2), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152
T. Blázquez, R. Suárez, and J. J. Sendra, "Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 140-152, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152
@research-article{Blázquez2017ProtocolFA,
title={Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City},
author={Teresa BláZquez and Rafael SuáRez and Juan José Sendra},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2017},
page={140-152},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152}
}
Teresa BláZquez, et al. "Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 2, pp 140-152. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152
Teresa BláZquez, Rafael SuáRez and Juan José Sendra. "Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 2, (2017): 140-152. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152
ZQUEZ T， SUÁREZ R， SENDRA J J. Protocol for Assessing Energy Performance to Improve Comfort Conditions in Social Housing in a Spanish Southern City[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2017， 2(2)： 140-152. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N2-140-152