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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJEPM from 2025 Vol. 10, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion

g. passamani1,
e.c. rada2,
w. tirler3,
m. tava4,
v. torretta1,
m. ragazzi2
1
Insubria University, Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Varese, Italy
2
University of Trento, Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Department, Trento, Italy
3
Eco-Research, Bolzano, Italy
4
Provincial Environmental Protection Agency, Trento, Italy
International Journal of Energy Production and Management
|
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2017
|
Pages 17-27
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Energy from biomass is becoming increasingly important as fossil fuel reserves diminish. The utiliza- tion of biomass is already prevalent in the domestic heating sector, but produces significant amounts of pollutants that are detrimental to human health. Dioxins, formed in any combustion process where car- bon, oxygen and, chlorine are present, are a subject of major interest due to their carcinogenicity. Much research has been carried out to study emissions from hazardous and municipal waste incinerators. Dioxin emission from wood combustion plants are also of interest, especially those due to combustion of treated, varnished or PVC-coated wood, which can produce high polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) emissions. This study compares the PCDD/F emissions produced by burning treated wood and virgin wood to verify if the differences are significant. Six different wood samples were analysed (three of treated wood and three of virgin wood) and a two-step wood gasification boiler was used. The analysis has been conducted both on off gas and on ashes. The measured PCDD/F concentrations are to be considered particularly limited and the treated wood use does not cause a general worsening in the PCDD/F emission. Thus, the wood treatment – subject of study – is not dangerous for PCDD/F. Finally, the experimental results indicated that during the thermal treatment, the formation mechanism of PCDD/F is the de novo synthesis.

Keywords: Air emissions, Ash, biomass, Combustion, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Treated wood

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

3. Results and Discussion

4. Conclusions

References
1.
Demirbas, A., Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues. Prog- ress in Energy and Combustion Science, 31(2), pp. 171–192, 2005. [Crossref]
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Zhou, H., Jensen, A.D., Glarborg, P. & Kavaliauskas, A., Formation and reduction of nitric oxide in fixed-bed combustion of straw. Fuel, 85(5–6), pp. 705–716, 2006. [Crossref]
3.
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Econom- ico Sostenibile. Ricerca e innovazione per un futuro low carbon, ENEA, 2010.
4.
Zhao, W., Li, Z., Wang, D., Zhu, Q., Sun, R., Meng, B. & Zhao, G., Combustion char- acteristics of different parts of corn straw and NO formation in a fixed bed. Bioresource Technology, 99(8), pp. 2956–2963, 2008. [Crossref]
5.
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Econom- ico Sostenibile. Rapporto Energia e Ambiente, ENEA, 2007–2008.
6.
ITABIA, Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare. I traguardi delle bioenergie in Italia, 2008.
7.
Johansson, L.S., Leckner, B., Gustavsson, L., Cooper, D., Tullin, C. & Potter, A., Emis- sion characteristics of modern and old-type residential boilers fired with wood logs and wood pellets. Environment, 38(25), pp. 4183–4195, 2004. [Crossref]
8.
Dell’Antonia, D., Gubiani, R., Maroncelli, D. & Pergher, G., Gaseous emissions from fossil fuels and biomass combustion in small heating appliances. Journal of Agricoltural Engineering, 4, pp. 1–10, 2010.
9.
Khan, A.A., Ahob, M., De Jonga, W., Vainikkab, P., Jansensa, P.J. & Spliethoffc, H., Scale-up study on combustibility and emission formation with two biomass fuels (B quality wood and pepper plant residue) under BFB conditions. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(12), pp. 1311–1321, 2008.
10.
Obernberger, I., Brunner, T. & Barnthaler, G., Chemical properties of solid biofuels – significance and impact. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(11), pp. 973–982, 2006. [Crossref]
11.
Bhattacharya, S.C., Abdul Salam, P. & Sharma, M., Emissions from biomass energy use in some selected Asian Countries. Energy, 25(2), pp. 169–188, 2000. [Crossref]
12.
Smith, K.R., Health, energy, and greenhouse-gas impacts of biomass combustion in household stoves. Energy for Sustainable Development, 1(4), pp. 23–29, 1994. [Crossref]
13.
Toscano, G., Riva, G., Foppa Pedretti, E. & Corinaldesi, F., Evaluation of solid bio- mass for energy use in relation to the ash qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Proceeding of AgEng2008 International Conference on Agricultural Engineering & Industry Exhibition, Creta, 2008.
14.
Schiavon, M., Torretta, V., Rada, E.C. & Ragazzi, M., State of the art and advances in the impact assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Environmental Monitor- ing and Assessment, 188(1), pp. 1–20, 2016.
15.
Schiavon, M., Ragazzi, M. & Rada, E.C., A proposal for a diet-based local PCDD/F deposition limit. Chemosphere, 93(8), pp. 1639–1645, 2013. [Crossref]
16.
Quaß, U., Fermann, M.W. & Bröker, G., Steps towards a European dioxin emission inventory. Chemosphere, 40(9–11), pp. 1125–1129, 2000. [Crossref]
17.
Luthe, C., Rchardson, B., Easton, C., Kilback, A. & Strecheniuk, B., Dioxins from mill combustion processes: minimizing their impact of effluent discharges. Pulp & Paper Canada, 95(12), pp. 481–487, 1994.
18.
Salthammer, T., Klipp, H., Peek, R.D. & Marutzky, R., Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) during the combustion of impregnated wood. Chemosphere, 30(11), pp. 2051–2060, 1995. [Crossref]
19.
Gadomski, D., Golden, E., Irvine, R.L., Talley, J.W. & Hundal, L.S., Natural formation of dioxins: a review of trends among four sites. Organohalogen Compounds, 59, pp. 263–266, 2002.
20.
Stefani, P., Antognoni, S., Pieratti, E., Baggio, P. & Zanoni, S., Efficiency assessment of a domestic wood gasification boiler. UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series D, 77(3), pp. 181–192, 2015.
21.
Huang, H. & Buekens, A., On the mechanisms of dioxin formation in combustion pro- cesses. Chemosphere, 31(9), pp. 4099–4117, 1995.
22.
Lavric, E.D., Konnov, A.A. & De Ruyck, J., Dioxin levels in wood combustion – a review. Biomass Bioenergy, 26(2), pp. 115–145, 2004. [Crossref]
23.
Tame, N.W., Dlugogorski, B.Z. & Kennedy, E.M., Formation of dioxins and furans dur- ing combustion of treated wood. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33(4), pp. 384–408, 2007.
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Passamani, G., Rada, E. C., Tirler, W., Tava, M., Torretta, V., & Ragazzi, M. (2017). PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion. Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., 2(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27
G. Passamani, E. C. Rada, W. Tirler, M. Tava, Torretta, V., and M. Ragazzi, "PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion," Int. J. Energy Prod. Manag., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-27, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27
@research-article{Passamani2017PCDD/FEF,
title={PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion},
author={G. Passamani and E.C. Rada and W. Tirler and M. Tava and V. Torretta and M. Ragazzi},
journal={International Journal of Energy Production and Management},
year={2017},
page={17-27},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27}
}
G. Passamani, et al. "PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, v 2, pp 17-27. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27
G. Passamani, E.C. Rada, W. Tirler, M. Tava, V. Torretta and M. Ragazzi. "PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion." International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 2, (2017): 17-27. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27
PASSAMANI G， RADA EC， TIRLER W， et al. PCDD/F Emissions from Virgin and Treated Wood Combustion[J]. International Journal of Energy Production and Management， 2017， 2(1)： 17-27. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V2-N1-17-27