Leachate Management Challenges in O.R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa

The formation of leachate at landfill sites poses a major environmental risk, particularly through the pollution of surface and groundwater. This study examines the challenges of leachate management in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM), South Africa. It examines infrastructure deficiencies, operational constraints and the feasibility of sustainable financing mechanisms. A qualitative research approach was utilized, including interviews, field observations and a review of academic literature, dissertations and online resources. Triangulation methods were used to validate the data. The results show serious inadequacies in leachate management in all five local municipalities (King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Ngquza Hill, Mhlontlo and Port St John's). In three municipalities, open dumping is still widespread due to a lack of basic landfill elements such as designated waste cells, ground covers and drainage systems. Only the municipalities of King Sabata Dalindyebo and Mhlontlo have limited infrastructure for leachate collection. Budgetary constraints are the main obstacle to improving landfill management. The lack of key infrastructure exacerbates the risk of water pollution. Historical incidents of leachate contamination emphasise the need for proactive intervention. The study examines future changes in waste composition and the potential of public-private partnerships in addressing funding challenges. Urgent investment in waste management infrastructure, stronger policy enforcement and community engagement are essential to mitigate environmental risks and ensure sustainable landfill operations in ORTDM.