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[1] Conesa, H.M., Faz, A., Arnaldos, R., Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in plants from mine tailings of the semiarid Cartagena-La Union mining district (SE Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 366(2006), 1–11.
[2] Kemper, T. & Sommer, S., Estimate of heavy metal contamination in soils after a mining accident using reflectance spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(2002), 2742–2747.
[3] Concas, A., Ardau, C., Cristini, A., Zuddas, P. & Cao, G., Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in a mining activity contaminated site. Chemosphere, 63(2006), 244–253.
[4] Salomons, W., Environmental-impact of metals derived from mining activities – processes, predictions, prevention. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 52(1995), 5–23.
[5] Besser, J.M. & Rabeni, C.F., Bioavailability and toxicity of metals leached from lead-mine tailings to aquatic invertebrates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 6(1987), 879–890.
[6] Fontboté, B. L., A mineralogical and geochemical study of element mobility in sulfide mine tailings of Fe oxide Cu–Au deposits from the Punta del Cobre belt, northern Chile. Chemical Geology, 189(2002), 135.
[7] Bissen, M. & Frimmel, F.H., Arsenic - a review. - Part 1: Occurrence, toxicity, speciation, mobility. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 31(2003), 9–18.
[8] da Silva, E.F., Mlayah, A., Gomes, C., Noronha, F., Charef, A., Sequeira, C., Esteves, V. & Marques, A.R.F., Heavy elements in the phosphorite from Kalaat Khasba mine (North-western Tunisia): Potential implications on the environment and human health. Journal of Hazard Mater, 182(2010), 232–245.
[9] Bermudez, G.M.A., Jasan, R., Pla, R. & Pignata, M.L., Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in wheat grains: Assessment of potential non-carcinogenic health hazard through their consumption. Journal of Hazard Mater, 193(2011), 264–271.
[10] Fu, F.L. & Wang, Q., Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(2011), 407–418.
[11] Xu, J.Z., Zhou, Y.L., Chang, Q. & Qu, H.Q., Study on the factors affecting the immobilization of heavy metals in fly ash-based geopolymers. Mater Letter, 60(2006), 820–822.
[12] Moghaddam, A.H. & Mulligan, C.N., Leaching of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood after disposal. Waste Manage, 28(2008), 628–637.
[13] Violante, A., Cozzolino, V., Perelomov, L., Caporale, A.G. & Pigna, M., Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10(2010), 268–292.
[14] Zhang, H., He, P.J., Shao, L.M. & Li, X.J., Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and its geochemical modeling. Journal of Mater Cycles Waste, 10(2008), 7–13.
[15] Tsai, L.J., Yu, K.C., Chen, S.F. & Kung, P.Y., Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching, Water Research, 37(2003), 2449–2457.
[16] Lu, J. & Yuan, F., The effect of temperature and precipitation on the leaching of contaminants from Ballangen tailings deposit, Norway (Accept). WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 231(2019), 75–89.
[17] Macdonalda, R.W.M.D., Lic, Y.-F. & Hickieb B., How will global climate change affect risks from long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants? Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 9(2003), 643–660.
[18] Borga, K., Saloranta, T.M. & Ruus, A., Simulating climate change-induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an arctic marine food web. EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry, 29(2010), 1349–1357.
[19] Parry, M., Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, in, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
[20] Miljødierktoratet, FN klimapanel 5. hovedrapport, 2016.
[21] Cote, P.L. & Constable, T.W., Evaluation of experimental conditions in batch leaching procedures. Resource Conservation, 9(1982), 59–73.
[22] Lackovic, J.A., Nikolaidis, N.P., Chheda, P., Carley, R.J. & Patton, E., Evaluation of batch leaching procedures for estimating metal mobility in glaciated soils. GroundwaterMonitoring & Remediation, 17(1997), 231–240.
[23] Adekunle, I.M., Temperature effect on water extractability of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc from composted organic solid wastes of South-West Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(2009), 2397–2407.
[24] Iversen, E.R., Environmental effects connected to tailings disposal at the Nikkel and Olivine nickel mine, in, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 2001.
[25] Yr, Weather statistics for Ballangsleira, Ballangen (Nordland), in, Norway, 2019.
[26] Climate-data.org, Climate Ballangen, in, 2019.
[27] NIVA, The mining and tailings deposition status. Environmental challenges and knowledge needs (In Norwegian), ed. J. Skei , Norwegian Institute for water research: Oslo, 2010.
[28] Skei, J.e.a., Mining industry and tailings disposal (2010). Annex with updates on status (2019), in, 2010.
[29] Segalstad, T.V.W.I. & Nilssen, S., Mining mitigation in Norway and future improvement possibilities. 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2006.
[30] Johnson, R.A. & Wichern, D.W., Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 6th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2007.
[31] Fu, S. & Lu, J., Column leaching heavy metal from tailings following simulated climate change in the Arctic area of Norway. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 228(2018), 45–52.
[32] Elberling, B., Temperature and oxygen control on pyrite oxidation in frozen mine tailings. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 41(2005), 121–133.
[33] Belzile, N., Chen, Y.W., Cai, M.F. & Li, Y.R., A review on pyrrhotite oxidation. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 84(2004), 65–76.
[34] Elberling, B., Nicholson, R.V. & Scharer, J.M., A combined kinetic and diffusion-model for pyrite oxidation in tailings – a change in controls with time. Journal of Hydrology, 157(1994), 47–60.
[35] Ahmed, I.M., Nayl, A.A. & Daoud, J.A., Leaching and recovery of zinc and copper from brass slag by sulfuric acid. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 20(2016), S280–S285.
[36] Lin, H., Huang, M. & Huang, H., Effect of temperature on bioleaching heavy metals from sewage sludge. 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 1–4, 2010.
[37] Bosecker, K., Bioleaching: Metal solubilization by microorganisms, Fems Microbiology Reviews, 20(1997), 591–604.
[38] Fan, L.Q., Zhou, X., Luo, H.B., Deng, J., Dai, L., Ju, Z.F., Zhu, Z.M., Zou, L.K., Ji, L., Li, B. & Cheng, L., Release of heavy metals from the pyrite tailings of Huangjiagou pyrite mine: Batch experiments. Sustainability-Basel, 8(2016), 96.
[39] S.C.I.M.E.M. Inc., Update on Cold Temperature Effects on Geochemical Weathering, in, Canada, 2006.
[40] Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O.C. & Egwurugwu, J.N., Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(2007), 112–118.
[41] Awokunmi, E.E., Asaolu, S.S. & Ipinmoroti, K.O., Effect of leaching on heavy metals concentration of soil in some dumpsites. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(2010), 495–499.
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Open Access
Research article

The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway

jinmei lu1,
fuqing yuan1,
tiina leiviskä2
1
Department of Engineering and Safety, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
2
Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
International Journal of Environmental Impacts
|
Volume 2, Issue 4, 2019
|
Pages 366-381
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

In this study, the effect of temperature on the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from oxidized tailings, Ballangen deposit, Norway, was investigated by a laboratory batch leaching experiment. The leaching was conducted at four different temperatures 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C and 2 precipitation rates of 8 mm/week and 20 mm/week. The leachates from six leaching cycles were collected, and the concentra- tions of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn were tested. The results showed that at a precipitation rate of 20 mm/ week, the leached amount of Cr, Fe, Cu was highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr was observed at 10°C. 10°C seems to be a threshold temperature for the leaching of Cr. However, at a precipitation rate of 8 mm/week, the highest leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu was observed at 5°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr and Fe was observed at 20°C. The relationship between the accumulated leached amount of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn and leaching water volume was ap- proximated by a logarithmic function at different temperatures. If the factor of precipitation is ignored, only the accumulated leached amount at different temperatures is considered. The accumulated leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu is highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C, which is significantly higher than that at other leaching temperatures by the established statistical model. The accumulated leached amount of Ni at 15°C and 20°C is significantly higher than that at 5°C and 10°C. The accumulated leached amount of Zn was highest at a leaching temperature of 10°C, which was significantly higher than that at 15°C and 20°C by the statistical model. Zn tends to be leached out at low temperatures.

Keywords: temperature, precipitation, batch leaching, contaminants, tailings
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Conesa, H.M., Faz, A., Arnaldos, R., Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in plants from mine tailings of the semiarid Cartagena-La Union mining district (SE Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 366(2006), 1–11.
[2] Kemper, T. & Sommer, S., Estimate of heavy metal contamination in soils after a mining accident using reflectance spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(2002), 2742–2747.
[3] Concas, A., Ardau, C., Cristini, A., Zuddas, P. & Cao, G., Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in a mining activity contaminated site. Chemosphere, 63(2006), 244–253.
[4] Salomons, W., Environmental-impact of metals derived from mining activities – processes, predictions, prevention. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 52(1995), 5–23.
[5] Besser, J.M. & Rabeni, C.F., Bioavailability and toxicity of metals leached from lead-mine tailings to aquatic invertebrates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 6(1987), 879–890.
[6] Fontboté, B. L., A mineralogical and geochemical study of element mobility in sulfide mine tailings of Fe oxide Cu–Au deposits from the Punta del Cobre belt, northern Chile. Chemical Geology, 189(2002), 135.
[7] Bissen, M. & Frimmel, F.H., Arsenic - a review. - Part 1: Occurrence, toxicity, speciation, mobility. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 31(2003), 9–18.
[8] da Silva, E.F., Mlayah, A., Gomes, C., Noronha, F., Charef, A., Sequeira, C., Esteves, V. & Marques, A.R.F., Heavy elements in the phosphorite from Kalaat Khasba mine (North-western Tunisia): Potential implications on the environment and human health. Journal of Hazard Mater, 182(2010), 232–245.
[9] Bermudez, G.M.A., Jasan, R., Pla, R. & Pignata, M.L., Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in wheat grains: Assessment of potential non-carcinogenic health hazard through their consumption. Journal of Hazard Mater, 193(2011), 264–271.
[10] Fu, F.L. & Wang, Q., Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(2011), 407–418.
[11] Xu, J.Z., Zhou, Y.L., Chang, Q. & Qu, H.Q., Study on the factors affecting the immobilization of heavy metals in fly ash-based geopolymers. Mater Letter, 60(2006), 820–822.
[12] Moghaddam, A.H. & Mulligan, C.N., Leaching of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood after disposal. Waste Manage, 28(2008), 628–637.
[13] Violante, A., Cozzolino, V., Perelomov, L., Caporale, A.G. & Pigna, M., Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10(2010), 268–292.
[14] Zhang, H., He, P.J., Shao, L.M. & Li, X.J., Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and its geochemical modeling. Journal of Mater Cycles Waste, 10(2008), 7–13.
[15] Tsai, L.J., Yu, K.C., Chen, S.F. & Kung, P.Y., Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching, Water Research, 37(2003), 2449–2457.
[16] Lu, J. & Yuan, F., The effect of temperature and precipitation on the leaching of contaminants from Ballangen tailings deposit, Norway (Accept). WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 231(2019), 75–89.
[17] Macdonalda, R.W.M.D., Lic, Y.-F. & Hickieb B., How will global climate change affect risks from long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants? Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 9(2003), 643–660.
[18] Borga, K., Saloranta, T.M. & Ruus, A., Simulating climate change-induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an arctic marine food web. EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry, 29(2010), 1349–1357.
[19] Parry, M., Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, in, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
[20] Miljødierktoratet, FN klimapanel 5. hovedrapport, 2016.
[21] Cote, P.L. & Constable, T.W., Evaluation of experimental conditions in batch leaching procedures. Resource Conservation, 9(1982), 59–73.
[22] Lackovic, J.A., Nikolaidis, N.P., Chheda, P., Carley, R.J. & Patton, E., Evaluation of batch leaching procedures for estimating metal mobility in glaciated soils. GroundwaterMonitoring & Remediation, 17(1997), 231–240.
[23] Adekunle, I.M., Temperature effect on water extractability of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc from composted organic solid wastes of South-West Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(2009), 2397–2407.
[24] Iversen, E.R., Environmental effects connected to tailings disposal at the Nikkel and Olivine nickel mine, in, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 2001.
[25] Yr, Weather statistics for Ballangsleira, Ballangen (Nordland), in, Norway, 2019.
[26] Climate-data.org, Climate Ballangen, in, 2019.
[27] NIVA, The mining and tailings deposition status. Environmental challenges and knowledge needs (In Norwegian), ed. J. Skei , Norwegian Institute for water research: Oslo, 2010.
[28] Skei, J.e.a., Mining industry and tailings disposal (2010). Annex with updates on status (2019), in, 2010.
[29] Segalstad, T.V.W.I. & Nilssen, S., Mining mitigation in Norway and future improvement possibilities. 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2006.
[30] Johnson, R.A. & Wichern, D.W., Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 6th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2007.
[31] Fu, S. & Lu, J., Column leaching heavy metal from tailings following simulated climate change in the Arctic area of Norway. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 228(2018), 45–52.
[32] Elberling, B., Temperature and oxygen control on pyrite oxidation in frozen mine tailings. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 41(2005), 121–133.
[33] Belzile, N., Chen, Y.W., Cai, M.F. & Li, Y.R., A review on pyrrhotite oxidation. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 84(2004), 65–76.
[34] Elberling, B., Nicholson, R.V. & Scharer, J.M., A combined kinetic and diffusion-model for pyrite oxidation in tailings – a change in controls with time. Journal of Hydrology, 157(1994), 47–60.
[35] Ahmed, I.M., Nayl, A.A. & Daoud, J.A., Leaching and recovery of zinc and copper from brass slag by sulfuric acid. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 20(2016), S280–S285.
[36] Lin, H., Huang, M. & Huang, H., Effect of temperature on bioleaching heavy metals from sewage sludge. 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 1–4, 2010.
[37] Bosecker, K., Bioleaching: Metal solubilization by microorganisms, Fems Microbiology Reviews, 20(1997), 591–604.
[38] Fan, L.Q., Zhou, X., Luo, H.B., Deng, J., Dai, L., Ju, Z.F., Zhu, Z.M., Zou, L.K., Ji, L., Li, B. & Cheng, L., Release of heavy metals from the pyrite tailings of Huangjiagou pyrite mine: Batch experiments. Sustainability-Basel, 8(2016), 96.
[39] S.C.I.M.E.M. Inc., Update on Cold Temperature Effects on Geochemical Weathering, in, Canada, 2006.
[40] Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O.C. & Egwurugwu, J.N., Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(2007), 112–118.
[41] Awokunmi, E.E., Asaolu, S.S. & Ipinmoroti, K.O., Effect of leaching on heavy metals concentration of soil in some dumpsites. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(2010), 495–499.
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GB-T-7714-2015
Lu, J. M., Yuan, F. Q., & Leiviskä, T. (2019). The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway. Int. J. Environ. Impacts., 2(4), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381
J. M. Lu, F. Q. Yuan, and T. Leiviskä, "The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway," Int. J. Environ. Impacts., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 366-381, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381
@research-article{Lu2019TheEO,
title={The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway},
author={Jinmei Lu and Fuqing Yuan and Tiina Leiviskä},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Impacts},
year={2019},
page={366-381},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381}
}
Jinmei Lu, et al. "The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, v 2, pp 366-381. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381
Jinmei Lu, Fuqing Yuan and Tiina Leiviskä. "The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 2, (2019): 366-381. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381
LU J M， YUAN F Q， LEIVISKÄ T. The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from Tailings, Ballangen Deposit, Norway[J]. International Journal of Environmental Impacts， 2019， 2(4)： 366-381. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381