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[1] Judith, P. & Barry, S., A framework for environmental sustainability assessment and assurance. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment, 2, pp. 12–31, 1999. ISBN: 978-0-632-04773-4.
[2] Selvakumar, S. & Jeykumar, R.K.C., Environmental impact assessment for building construction projects. International Journal of Computational Sciences and Information Technology, 1(1), pp. 29–40, 2015.
[3] Amit, B.D. & Ipshita, S., Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and construction. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(1), pp. 58–61, 2014.
[4] Arquiaga, M.C., Canter, L.W. & Nelson, D.I., Risk assessment principles in environmental impact studies. Environmental Professionals, 14, pp. 204–219, 1992.
[5] Edoka, A.I., Richard, A.J., Bamidele, O.A. & Abduiquadri, B.A., An assessment of environmental impacts of building construction projects. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(1), pp. 93–104, 2013. ISSN 2222–1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222–2863 (Online).
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[7] Howard, N., Data for Sustainable Construction, Center for Sustainable Construction, available at http://projects.bre.co.uk/sustainable/SusConstructionData.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016).
[8] Environment Agency. Scoping Guidelines on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Projects, Rotherham, UK, available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/297112/geho0112bwak-e-e.pdf (accessed 15 August 2016).
[9] Armitage, P.D. & Pardo, I., Impact assessment of regulation at the reach level using macroinvertebrate information mesohabitats. Research and Management,10, pp. 147–158, 1995. [Crossref]
[10] Construction Industry Research and Information Association, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems-Best Practice Guide, C523, CIRIA: London, UK, 2001.
[11] Environment Agency. Working at Construction or Demolition Sites. Pollution Prevention Guidelines No.6. Environment Agency: Bristol, UK, 1998.
[12] International Organization of Standardization, Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework, EN ISO 14040, International Organization of Standardization: Geneva, 1997.
[13] International Organization of Standardization, Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis, ISO 14041, International Organization of Standardization: Geneva, 1998.
[14] Trinius, W., Environmental Assessment in Building and Construction: Goal and Scope Definition as Key to Methodology Choices. Doctoral Thesis. Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm, 1999.Jose C. Mora-Barrantes et al., Int. J. Environ. Impacts, Vol. 1, No. 4 (2018) 449
[15] Administrative Staff College of India, Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Building, Construction, Townships and Area Development Projects.Ministry of Environment and Forest. Government of India: New Delhi, 2010.
[16] Gangollells, M., Casals, M., Gassó, S., Forcada, N., Roca, X. & Fuertes, A., Assessing concerns of interested parties when predicting the significance of environmental impacts related to the construction process of residential buildings. Building and Environment,46, pp. 1023–1037, 2011. [Crossref]
[17] Li, X., Zhu, Y. & Zhang, Z., An LCA-based environmental impact assessment model for construction processes. Building and the Environment, 45, pp. 766–775, 2010. [Crossref]
[18] Shen, L.Y., Lu, W.S., Yao, H. & Wu, D.H., A computer-based scoring method for measuring the environmental performance of construction activities. Automation in Construction, 14, pp. 97–309, 2005. [Crossref]
[19] Levin, H., Systematic Evaluation and Assessment of Building Environmental Performance (SEABEP). Paper for presentation Buildings and Environment, Paris, 9–12 June 1997.
[20] Chen, Z., Li, H. & Wong, C.T.C., Environmental management of urban construction projects in China. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126, pp. 320–324, 2000. [Crossref]
[21] Lam, P.T.I., Chan, E.H.W., Chau, C.K., Poon, C.S. & Chun, K.P., ‘Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry?’. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, pp. 788–795, 2011. [Crossref]
[22] Trinius, W., Environment Assessment – Implementation in the Building Sector, Licentiate of Engineering Thesis: Stockholm, 1998.
[23] Sanchez, E.T. & Enriquez, S., Draft: A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact Analysis Systems in Latin America, 2007, available at http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/c688c7004c08ac00ae87be79803d5464/2_EIA+in+LAC+IAIA+Seoul.pdf?MOD=AJPERES, 2007 (accessed September 2016).
[24] Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment. Costa Rica: History of EIA. 2011, available at http://www.eia.nl/en/countries/ca/costa+rica/ (accessed September 2016).
[25] Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía. Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental. Documento de Evaluación Ambiental D-1. 2005, availiable at https://www.setena.go.cr/formulariosd1-d2/ (accessed September 2016).
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Open Access
Research article

Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses

Jose C. Mora-Barrantes,
Jose P. Sibaja-Brenes,
Gilberto Piedra-Marin,
Oscar M. Molina-Leon
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
International Journal of Environmental Impacts
|
Volume 1, Issue 4, 2018
|
Pages 433-449
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of evaluating the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, programme or any other project prior to the execution of the proposed action; it is the primary instrument for development planning and decision-making. Pollution sources from the construction process include harmful gases, noise, and dust, solid and liquid waste. A large variety of tools is available for environmental assessment of buildings. In Costa Rica, the EIA system is funded on the Costa Rican Political Constitution, the Environmental Organic Law and the General Regulation for the EIA Procedures of 2004. Costa Rica employs an environmental toolkit (environmental assess- ment form to assign the environmental impact of a new construction project. The toolkit provides a methodology, associated with environmental aspects (EAs), assessment indicators and weighting factors (WF) for each EA. A total of seven impact categories related to natural resources, soil, wildlife, flora and fauna, air, human health, water and socio-cultural are used to establish the WF. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the environmental impact of 17 construction projects to be de- veloped in various university campuses, by using the Costa Rican toolkit. Significant environmental aspects (SEA) were determined in order to evaluate their relationship with the final value of the total environmental impact (TEIp) of each project. The results show that the TEIp for the 17 projects evaluated fall in the Low Environmental Impact category. The projects with the higher values of TEIp are those containing internal areas to handle and work with chemical and biological substances, as well as radioactive materials. From the total of the 33 EA evaluated, a 22 of them were classified as SEA. The most common SEA for the projects evaluated are treatment and disposal of ordinary wastes, treatment and disposal of debris building, emissions from mobile sources, production of noise and vibration, population density and employment generation.

Keywords: building, construction, Costa Rica, environmental aspect, environmental indicators, impact assessment, university, weighting factor, waste
References
[1] Judith, P. & Barry, S., A framework for environmental sustainability assessment and assurance. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment, 2, pp. 12–31, 1999. ISBN: 978-0-632-04773-4.
[2] Selvakumar, S. & Jeykumar, R.K.C., Environmental impact assessment for building construction projects. International Journal of Computational Sciences and Information Technology, 1(1), pp. 29–40, 2015.
[3] Amit, B.D. & Ipshita, S., Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and construction. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(1), pp. 58–61, 2014.
[4] Arquiaga, M.C., Canter, L.W. & Nelson, D.I., Risk assessment principles in environmental impact studies. Environmental Professionals, 14, pp. 204–219, 1992.
[5] Edoka, A.I., Richard, A.J., Bamidele, O.A. & Abduiquadri, B.A., An assessment of environmental impacts of building construction projects. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(1), pp. 93–104, 2013. ISSN 2222–1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222–2863 (Online).
[6] Howard, N., Data for Sustainable Construction, Center for Sustainable Construction, UK available at http://projects.bre.co.uk/sustainable/SusConstructionData.pdf, 2000 (accessed September 2016).
[7] Howard, N., Data for Sustainable Construction, Center for Sustainable Construction, available at http://projects.bre.co.uk/sustainable/SusConstructionData.pdf (accessed 10 October 2016).
[8] Environment Agency. Scoping Guidelines on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Projects, Rotherham, UK, available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/297112/geho0112bwak-e-e.pdf (accessed 15 August 2016).
[9] Armitage, P.D. & Pardo, I., Impact assessment of regulation at the reach level using macroinvertebrate information mesohabitats. Research and Management,10, pp. 147–158, 1995. [Crossref]
[10] Construction Industry Research and Information Association, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems-Best Practice Guide, C523, CIRIA: London, UK, 2001.
[11] Environment Agency. Working at Construction or Demolition Sites. Pollution Prevention Guidelines No.6. Environment Agency: Bristol, UK, 1998.
[12] International Organization of Standardization, Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework, EN ISO 14040, International Organization of Standardization: Geneva, 1997.
[13] International Organization of Standardization, Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis, ISO 14041, International Organization of Standardization: Geneva, 1998.
[14] Trinius, W., Environmental Assessment in Building and Construction: Goal and Scope Definition as Key to Methodology Choices. Doctoral Thesis. Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm, 1999.Jose C. Mora-Barrantes et al., Int. J. Environ. Impacts, Vol. 1, No. 4 (2018) 449
[15] Administrative Staff College of India, Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Building, Construction, Townships and Area Development Projects.Ministry of Environment and Forest. Government of India: New Delhi, 2010.
[16] Gangollells, M., Casals, M., Gassó, S., Forcada, N., Roca, X. & Fuertes, A., Assessing concerns of interested parties when predicting the significance of environmental impacts related to the construction process of residential buildings. Building and Environment,46, pp. 1023–1037, 2011. [Crossref]
[17] Li, X., Zhu, Y. & Zhang, Z., An LCA-based environmental impact assessment model for construction processes. Building and the Environment, 45, pp. 766–775, 2010. [Crossref]
[18] Shen, L.Y., Lu, W.S., Yao, H. & Wu, D.H., A computer-based scoring method for measuring the environmental performance of construction activities. Automation in Construction, 14, pp. 97–309, 2005. [Crossref]
[19] Levin, H., Systematic Evaluation and Assessment of Building Environmental Performance (SEABEP). Paper for presentation Buildings and Environment, Paris, 9–12 June 1997.
[20] Chen, Z., Li, H. & Wong, C.T.C., Environmental management of urban construction projects in China. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126, pp. 320–324, 2000. [Crossref]
[21] Lam, P.T.I., Chan, E.H.W., Chau, C.K., Poon, C.S. & Chun, K.P., ‘Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry?’. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, pp. 788–795, 2011. [Crossref]
[22] Trinius, W., Environment Assessment – Implementation in the Building Sector, Licentiate of Engineering Thesis: Stockholm, 1998.
[23] Sanchez, E.T. & Enriquez, S., Draft: A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact Analysis Systems in Latin America, 2007, available at http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/c688c7004c08ac00ae87be79803d5464/2_EIA+in+LAC+IAIA+Seoul.pdf?MOD=AJPERES, 2007 (accessed September 2016).
[24] Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment. Costa Rica: History of EIA. 2011, available at http://www.eia.nl/en/countries/ca/costa+rica/ (accessed September 2016).
[25] Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía. Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental. Documento de Evaluación Ambiental D-1. 2005, availiable at https://www.setena.go.cr/formulariosd1-d2/ (accessed September 2016).
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Mora-barrantes, J. C., Sibaja-brenes, J. P., Piedra-marin, G., & Molina-leon, O. M. (2018). Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses. Int. J. Environ. Impacts., 1(4), 433-449. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449
J. C. Mora-barrantes, J. P. Sibaja-brenes, G. Piedra-marin, and O. M. Molina-leon, "Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses," Int. J. Environ. Impacts., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 433-449, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449
@research-article{Mora-barrantes2018EnvironmentalIA,
title={Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses},
author={Jose C. Mora-Barrantes and Jose P. Sibaja-Brenes and Gilberto Piedra-Marin and Oscar M. Molina-Leon},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Impacts},
year={2018},
page={433-449},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449}
}
Jose C. Mora-Barrantes, et al. "Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, v 1, pp 433-449. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449
Jose C. Mora-Barrantes, Jose P. Sibaja-Brenes, Gilberto Piedra-Marin and Oscar M. Molina-Leon. "Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 1, (2018): 433-449. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449
MORA-BARRANTES J C， SIBAJA-BRENES J P， PIEDRA-MARIN G， et al. Environmental Impact Assessment of 17 Construction Projects in Various University Campuses[J]. International Journal of Environmental Impacts， 2018， 1(4)： 433-449. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N4-433-449