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[1] Holgate, S., Grigg, J., Agius, R., Ashton, J.R., Cullinan, P., Exley, K., Fishwick, D., Fuller, G., Gokani, N. & Griffiths, C., Every Breath We Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution, Report of a working party 2016, Royal College of Physicians, Location: London, 2016.
[2] WHO, World Health Statistics 2013, WHO, Location: Switzerland, 2013.
[3] Vallero, D.A., Fundamentals of Air Pollution [Pays-Bas], Academic Press, Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2008.138 Meabh Gallagher et al., Int. J. Environ. Impacts, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2018)
[4] Hasheminassab, S., Daher, N., Ostro, B.D. & Sioutas, C., Long-term source apportionment of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Los Angeles Basin: A focus on emissions reduction from vehicular sources. Environmental Pollution, 193, pp. 54–64, 2014. [Crossref]
[5] Colvile, R., Hutchinson, E., Mindell, J. & Warren, R., The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 35(9), pp. 1537–1565, 2001. [Crossref]
[6] Harrison, R.M. & Yin, J., Sources and processes affecting carbonaceous aerosol in central England. Atmospheric Environment, 42(7), pp. 1413–1423, 2008. [Crossref]
[7] Ruellan, S. & Cachier, H., Characterisation of fresh particulate vehicular exhausts near a Paris high flow road. Atmospheric Environment, 35(2), pp. 453–468, 2001. [Crossref]
[8] Alam, M.S. & McNabola, A., Exploring the modeling of spatiotemporal variations in ambient air pollution within the land use regression framework: Estimation of PM10 concentrations on a daily basis. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(5), pp. 628–640, 2015. [Crossref]
[9] Jacobson, M.Z., Testimony for the Hearing on Black Carbon and Global Warming, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, Government Printing Office: Washington, 2007.
[10] Helmers, E., Partikelmessungen, Abgasgrenzwerte, Stickoxide, Toxikologie und Umweltzonen. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 21(1), p. 118, 2009. [Crossref]
[11] Cames, M. & Helmers, E., Critical evaluation of the European diesel car boom-global comparison, environmental effects and various national strategies. Environmental Sciences Europe, 25(1), p. 1, 2013. [Crossref]
[12] Giblin, S. & McNabola, A., Modelling the impacts of a carbon emission-differentiated vehicle tax system on CO 2 emissions intensity from new vehicle purchases in Ireland. Energy Policy, 37(4), pp. 1404–1411, 2009. [Crossref]
[13] SEAI, S. E. A. o. I., Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2014, Publisher: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, Location: Dublin, Ireland, 2014.
[14] ACEA, Share of Diesel in New Passenger Cars, European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association, Location: Brussels, Belgium, 2016.
[15] Adams, H.S., Kenny, L.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Colvile, R.N. & Gussman, R.A., Design and validation of a high-flow personal sampler for PM2.5. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(1), pp. 5–11, 2001. [Crossref]
[16] Gallagher, M., Turner, E.C. & Kamber, B., In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow-marine microbial-carbonate-hosted pyrites. Geobiology, 13, pp. 316–339, 2015. [Crossref]
[17] Alam, M.S., Duffy, P., Hyde, B. & McNabola, A., Estimation and Back-extrapolation of CO2 Emissions from the Road Transport Sector: Emissions in Ireland, 1990 to 2013.23rd International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution, Valencia, Spain, 2015.
[18] Amato, F. & Hopke, P.K., Source apportionment of the ambient PM 2.5 across St. Louis using constrained positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Environment, 46, pp. 329–337, 2012. [Crossref]
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Open Access
Research article

Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Meabh Gallagher1,
Aonghus Mcnabola2,3,
Balz Kamber4,
Laurence Gill1,
Bidisha Ghosh1,
Md. Saniul Alam1
1
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
2
Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
3
Global Centre for Clean Air Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (FEPS), University of Surrey, United Kingdom
4
Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
International Journal of Environmental Impacts
|
Volume 1, Issue 2, 2018
|
Pages 127-138
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most problematic air pollutants in Ireland, and recently the associations between exposure to ambient PM and adverse health outcomes have been more firmly established. Diesel vehicles in particular are known for their significant contribution to overall emissions of PM (PM2.5) in the atmosphere, and therefore constitute a significant threat to public health and the environment. A recent investigation of national emissions in the road transport sector in Ireland has highlighted that private diesel passenger vehicles contribute the largest proportion of total emissions in both CO2 and PM of all vehicle categories. Owing to the recent growth in private diesel vehicles since 2008, this vehicle category represents a significant pressure on the quality of the urban environment in Ireland. Determination of the proportion of total PM concentration in urban areas, which has originated from diesel vehicle emissions using source apportionment techniques, is invaluable in assessing the impact of diesel emissions on population exposure. We are generating evidence on the impact of diesel vehicles in Ireland on the exposure of the population to PM2.5 through field measurement of ambient PM2.5 and direct sampling of PM2.5 sources. Here we present a data set of chemical fingerprints of the majorsources of PM2.5 in Dublin. These include a wide variety of vehicular exhaust emissions and solid fuels including wood, peat and coal, sea spray, mineral dust and road dust, with a particular focus on diesel vehicle emissions. A single analytical technique was employed for the chemical analysis that was carried out here; laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), while other PM2.5 source apportionment studies commonly use a variety of analytical techniques for chemical analysis.

Keywords: Diesel Vehicles, Particulate Matter, PM2.5, Source Apportionment

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Results

4. Discussion

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency Research Programme 2014-2020: project number 2015-CCRP-MS.29.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Holgate, S., Grigg, J., Agius, R., Ashton, J.R., Cullinan, P., Exley, K., Fishwick, D., Fuller, G., Gokani, N. & Griffiths, C., Every Breath We Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution, Report of a working party 2016, Royal College of Physicians, Location: London, 2016.
[2] WHO, World Health Statistics 2013, WHO, Location: Switzerland, 2013.
[3] Vallero, D.A., Fundamentals of Air Pollution [Pays-Bas], Academic Press, Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2008.138 Meabh Gallagher et al., Int. J. Environ. Impacts, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2018)
[4] Hasheminassab, S., Daher, N., Ostro, B.D. & Sioutas, C., Long-term source apportionment of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Los Angeles Basin: A focus on emissions reduction from vehicular sources. Environmental Pollution, 193, pp. 54–64, 2014. [Crossref]
[5] Colvile, R., Hutchinson, E., Mindell, J. & Warren, R., The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 35(9), pp. 1537–1565, 2001. [Crossref]
[6] Harrison, R.M. & Yin, J., Sources and processes affecting carbonaceous aerosol in central England. Atmospheric Environment, 42(7), pp. 1413–1423, 2008. [Crossref]
[7] Ruellan, S. & Cachier, H., Characterisation of fresh particulate vehicular exhausts near a Paris high flow road. Atmospheric Environment, 35(2), pp. 453–468, 2001. [Crossref]
[8] Alam, M.S. & McNabola, A., Exploring the modeling of spatiotemporal variations in ambient air pollution within the land use regression framework: Estimation of PM10 concentrations on a daily basis. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(5), pp. 628–640, 2015. [Crossref]
[9] Jacobson, M.Z., Testimony for the Hearing on Black Carbon and Global Warming, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, Government Printing Office: Washington, 2007.
[10] Helmers, E., Partikelmessungen, Abgasgrenzwerte, Stickoxide, Toxikologie und Umweltzonen. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, 21(1), p. 118, 2009. [Crossref]
[11] Cames, M. & Helmers, E., Critical evaluation of the European diesel car boom-global comparison, environmental effects and various national strategies. Environmental Sciences Europe, 25(1), p. 1, 2013. [Crossref]
[12] Giblin, S. & McNabola, A., Modelling the impacts of a carbon emission-differentiated vehicle tax system on CO 2 emissions intensity from new vehicle purchases in Ireland. Energy Policy, 37(4), pp. 1404–1411, 2009. [Crossref]
[13] SEAI, S. E. A. o. I., Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2014, Publisher: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, Location: Dublin, Ireland, 2014.
[14] ACEA, Share of Diesel in New Passenger Cars, European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association, Location: Brussels, Belgium, 2016.
[15] Adams, H.S., Kenny, L.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Colvile, R.N. & Gussman, R.A., Design and validation of a high-flow personal sampler for PM2.5. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(1), pp. 5–11, 2001. [Crossref]
[16] Gallagher, M., Turner, E.C. & Kamber, B., In situ trace metal analysis of Neoarchaean – Ordovician shallow-marine microbial-carbonate-hosted pyrites. Geobiology, 13, pp. 316–339, 2015. [Crossref]
[17] Alam, M.S., Duffy, P., Hyde, B. & McNabola, A., Estimation and Back-extrapolation of CO2 Emissions from the Road Transport Sector: Emissions in Ireland, 1990 to 2013.23rd International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution, Valencia, Spain, 2015.
[18] Amato, F. & Hopke, P.K., Source apportionment of the ambient PM 2.5 across St. Louis using constrained positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Environment, 46, pp. 329–337, 2012. [Crossref]
Cite this:
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MLA Style
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Gallagher, M., Mcnabola, A., Kamber, B., Gill, L., Ghosh, B., & Alam, M. S. (2018). Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions. Int. J. Environ. Impacts., 1(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138
M. Gallagher, A. Mcnabola, B. Kamber, L. Gill, B. Ghosh, and M. S. Alam, "Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions," Int. J. Environ. Impacts., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 127-138, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138
@research-article{Gallagher2018ChemicalFO,
title={Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions},
author={Meabh Gallagher and Aonghus Mcnabola and Balz Kamber and Laurence Gill and Bidisha Ghosh and Md. Saniul Alam},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Impacts},
year={2018},
page={127-138},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138}
}
Meabh Gallagher, et al. "Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, v 1, pp 127-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138
Meabh Gallagher, Aonghus Mcnabola, Balz Kamber, Laurence Gill, Bidisha Ghosh and Md. Saniul Alam. "Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 1, (2018): 127-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138
GALLAGHER M， MCNABOLA A， KAMBER B， et al. Chemical Fingerprints of the Major Sources of PM2.5 in Dublin, Ireland: A Focus on Diesel Vehicle Emissions[J]. International Journal of Environmental Impacts， 2018， 1(2)： 127-138. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-127-138