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[1] ESPO – European Sea Ports Organisation, Top Environmental Priorities of European Ports for 2013. An Analysis Taking Port Size and Geography into Consideration. ESPO, Brussels, 2013.
[2] CRS (Congressional Research Service), Petroleum Coke: Industry and Environmental Issues. CRS Report R43263, Washington, D.C., 25 p, 2013.
[3] Dourson, M.L., Chinkin, L.R., MacIntosh, D.L., Finn, J.A., Brown, K.W., Reid, S.B. & Martinez, J.M., A case study of potential human health impacts from petroleum coke transfer facilities. Journal Air Waste Management Association, 66, pp. 1061–1076, 2016. [Crossref]
[4] McKee, R.H., Herron, D., Beatty, P., Podhasky, P., Hoffman, G.M., Swigert, J., Lee, C. & Wong, D., Toxicological assessment of green petroleum coke. International Journal Toxicology, 33, pp. 156S–167S, 2014. [Crossref]
[5] Caruso, J.A., Zhang, K., Schroeck, N.J., McCoy, B. & McElmurry, S.P., Petroleum coke in the urban environment: A review of potential health effects. International Journal Environment Research Public Health, 12, pp. 6218–6231, 2015. [Crossref]
[6] Donaldson, K, Tran, L, Jimenez, L.A, Duffin, R, Newby, D.E, Mills, N, MacNee, W & Stone, V., Combustion-derived nanoparticles: a review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure. Particle Fibre Toxicology, 21, pp. 2–10, 2005. [Crossref]
[7] EEA (European Environment Agency), Air quality in Europe – 2013 report, EEA Report No. 9/2013, Copenhagen, 112 p, 2013.
[8] Wegesser, T.C. & Last, J.A., Lung response to coarse PM: bioassay in mice. Integrative Pharmacology, Toxicology and Genotoxicology, 230, pp. 159–166, 2008. [Crossref]
[9] Roskill Information Services Head Office. https://roskill.com/product/petroleum-coke-global-industry-markets-outlook-7th-edition-2015 (accessed February 2016).
[10] IndexMundi, http://www.indexmundi.com/trade/imports/?subchapter=2713 (accessed 2016, 2016).
[11] CIMPOR Enterprise, http://www.cimpor-portugal.pt/ (accessed 2016, 2014).
[12] Gupta, A.K., Gupta, S.K. & Patil, R.S., Environmental management plan for port and harbour projects. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 7(2), pp. 133 –141, 2005. [Crossref]
[13] Borrego, C., Costa, A. M., Amorim, J., Santos, P., Sardo, J., Lopes, M. & Miranda, A. I., Air quality impact due to scrap-metal handling on a sea port: a wind tunnel experiment. Atmospheric Environment, 41, pp. 6396–6405, 2007. [Crossref]
[14] Borrego, C., Coutinho, M., Costa, A.M., Ginja, J., Ribeiro, C., Monteiro, A., Ribeiro, I., Valente, J., Amorim, J.H., Martins, H., Lopes, D. & Miranda, A.I., Challenges for a new air quality directive: The role of monitoring and modelling techniques. Urban Climate, 14, pp. 328–341, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] IDAD (Institute of Environment and Development), Avaliação da Qualidade do Ar na Envolvente do Porto de Aveiro, IDAD report No. R074.15-14/05.05, Aveiro, 100 pages, 2015.
[16] Commission E., 2001 Commission E. Ambient Air Pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 2001.
[17] WHO (2000). Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Office. Copenhagen.
[18] Rodriguez, S., Querol, X., Alasteuy, A., Viana, M., Alarcón, M., Mantilla, E., Ruiz, C. R. Comparative PM10-PM2.5 source contribution study at rural, urban and industrial sites during PM episodes in Eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 328, 95–113, 2004. [Crossref]
[19] Moreno, T., Querol, X., Alastruey, A., Viana, M., Salvador, P., Campa, A. S., Artiñano, B., Rosa, J., Gibbons, W. Variations in atmospheric PM trace metal content in Spanish towns: Illustrating the chemical complexity of the inorganic urban aerosol cocktail. Atmospheric Environment, 40, 6791–6803, 2006. [Crossref]
[20] ANSYS FLUENT, 14.5. User’s and theory guide. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: ANSYS, Inc., 2014.
[21] Borrego, C., Tchepel, O., Costa, A.M., Amorim, J.H. & Miranda, A.I., Emission and dispersion modelling of Lisbon air quality at local scale. Atmospheric Environment, 37, pp. 5197–5205, 2003. [Crossref]
[22] Martins, A., Cerqueira, M., Ferreira, F., Borrego, C. & Amorim, J.H., Lisbon air quality – evaluating traffic hot-spots. International Journal Environmental Pollution, 39, 306–320, 2009. [Crossref]
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Open Access
Research article

Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities

Sandra Sorte1,
Myriam Lopes1,
Vera Rodrigues1,
Joana Leitão1,
Alexandra Monteiro1,
João Ginja2,
Miguel Coutinho2,
Carlos Borrego1,2
1
CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
2
IDAD, Campus Universitario, Aveiro, Portugal
International Journal of Environmental Impacts
|
Volume 1, Issue 2, 2018
|
Pages 115-126
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Emissions from harbour-related activities have an important impact on air quality; therefore, improved knowledge about the coastal microclimate and consequent air pollution dispersion patterns is of utmost importance. In recent years, residents of the southeast urban community of the Port of Aveiro (Portugal) have identified high levels of dust in and around their residences, which has raised their concern regarding the potential effects of air pollution on public health. The citizens’ complaints were linked to fugitive dust emissions from petroleum coke (petcoke), which is usually unloaded or temporarily stored outdoors in the port prior to transportation to a nearby manufacturing plant. Following this, the air quality measurements taken in the area have shown high levels of PM10 concentrations, especially when the wind blew from north and northwest directions. Furthermore, a numerical and physical modelling study has been performed in order to assess the impacts of the transport and storage of petcoke on the local air quality. The modelling results pointed out to a set of potential mitigation measures, namely the construction upwind of different barriers from the petcoke pile. This article presents the characterization of the problem and the management strategies adopted. It also presents the results of modelling assessment to select the most potential effective barrier in order to minimize petcoke dust impact on the surrounding population.

Keywords: CFD model, Mitigation measures, Petcoke emissions, PM10 dispersion, Mitigation measures, Wind tunnel

1. Introduction

2. Case-Study Framework

3. Mitigation and Management Measures

4. Air Quality Monitoring

5. Wind Tunnel Modelling

6. CFD Numerical Modelling

7. Conclusions

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the financial support of FEDER through the COMPETE Programme and the national funds from FCT – Science and Technology Portuguese Foundation for financing the AIRSHIP project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/1581/2014). The authors are also grateful to the APA for promoting the work and allowing the results to be disseminated.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] ESPO – European Sea Ports Organisation, Top Environmental Priorities of European Ports for 2013. An Analysis Taking Port Size and Geography into Consideration. ESPO, Brussels, 2013.
[2] CRS (Congressional Research Service), Petroleum Coke: Industry and Environmental Issues. CRS Report R43263, Washington, D.C., 25 p, 2013.
[3] Dourson, M.L., Chinkin, L.R., MacIntosh, D.L., Finn, J.A., Brown, K.W., Reid, S.B. & Martinez, J.M., A case study of potential human health impacts from petroleum coke transfer facilities. Journal Air Waste Management Association, 66, pp. 1061–1076, 2016. [Crossref]
[4] McKee, R.H., Herron, D., Beatty, P., Podhasky, P., Hoffman, G.M., Swigert, J., Lee, C. & Wong, D., Toxicological assessment of green petroleum coke. International Journal Toxicology, 33, pp. 156S–167S, 2014. [Crossref]
[5] Caruso, J.A., Zhang, K., Schroeck, N.J., McCoy, B. & McElmurry, S.P., Petroleum coke in the urban environment: A review of potential health effects. International Journal Environment Research Public Health, 12, pp. 6218–6231, 2015. [Crossref]
[6] Donaldson, K, Tran, L, Jimenez, L.A, Duffin, R, Newby, D.E, Mills, N, MacNee, W & Stone, V., Combustion-derived nanoparticles: a review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure. Particle Fibre Toxicology, 21, pp. 2–10, 2005. [Crossref]
[7] EEA (European Environment Agency), Air quality in Europe – 2013 report, EEA Report No. 9/2013, Copenhagen, 112 p, 2013.
[8] Wegesser, T.C. & Last, J.A., Lung response to coarse PM: bioassay in mice. Integrative Pharmacology, Toxicology and Genotoxicology, 230, pp. 159–166, 2008. [Crossref]
[9] Roskill Information Services Head Office. https://roskill.com/product/petroleum-coke-global-industry-markets-outlook-7th-edition-2015 (accessed February 2016).
[10] IndexMundi, http://www.indexmundi.com/trade/imports/?subchapter=2713 (accessed 2016, 2016).
[11] CIMPOR Enterprise, http://www.cimpor-portugal.pt/ (accessed 2016, 2014).
[12] Gupta, A.K., Gupta, S.K. & Patil, R.S., Environmental management plan for port and harbour projects. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 7(2), pp. 133 –141, 2005. [Crossref]
[13] Borrego, C., Costa, A. M., Amorim, J., Santos, P., Sardo, J., Lopes, M. & Miranda, A. I., Air quality impact due to scrap-metal handling on a sea port: a wind tunnel experiment. Atmospheric Environment, 41, pp. 6396–6405, 2007. [Crossref]
[14] Borrego, C., Coutinho, M., Costa, A.M., Ginja, J., Ribeiro, C., Monteiro, A., Ribeiro, I., Valente, J., Amorim, J.H., Martins, H., Lopes, D. & Miranda, A.I., Challenges for a new air quality directive: The role of monitoring and modelling techniques. Urban Climate, 14, pp. 328–341, 2015. [Crossref]
[15] IDAD (Institute of Environment and Development), Avaliação da Qualidade do Ar na Envolvente do Porto de Aveiro, IDAD report No. R074.15-14/05.05, Aveiro, 100 pages, 2015.
[16] Commission E., 2001 Commission E. Ambient Air Pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 2001.
[17] WHO (2000). Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Office. Copenhagen.
[18] Rodriguez, S., Querol, X., Alasteuy, A., Viana, M., Alarcón, M., Mantilla, E., Ruiz, C. R. Comparative PM10-PM2.5 source contribution study at rural, urban and industrial sites during PM episodes in Eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 328, 95–113, 2004. [Crossref]
[19] Moreno, T., Querol, X., Alastruey, A., Viana, M., Salvador, P., Campa, A. S., Artiñano, B., Rosa, J., Gibbons, W. Variations in atmospheric PM trace metal content in Spanish towns: Illustrating the chemical complexity of the inorganic urban aerosol cocktail. Atmospheric Environment, 40, 6791–6803, 2006. [Crossref]
[20] ANSYS FLUENT, 14.5. User’s and theory guide. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: ANSYS, Inc., 2014.
[21] Borrego, C., Tchepel, O., Costa, A.M., Amorim, J.H. & Miranda, A.I., Emission and dispersion modelling of Lisbon air quality at local scale. Atmospheric Environment, 37, pp. 5197–5205, 2003. [Crossref]
[22] Martins, A., Cerqueira, M., Ferreira, F., Borrego, C. & Amorim, J.H., Lisbon air quality – evaluating traffic hot-spots. International Journal Environmental Pollution, 39, 306–320, 2009. [Crossref]
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Sorte, S., Lopes, M., Rodrigues, V., Leitão, J., Monteiro, A., Ginja, J., Coutinho, M., & Borrego, C. (2018). Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities. Int. J. Environ. Impacts., 1(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126
S. Sorte, M. Lopes, V. Rodrigues, J. Leitão, A. Monteiro, J. Ginja, M. Coutinho, and C. Borrego, "Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities," Int. J. Environ. Impacts., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 115-126, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126
@research-article{Sorte2018MeasuresTR,
title={Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities},
author={Sandra Sorte and Myriam Lopes and Vera Rodrigues and Joana LeitãO and Alexandra Monteiro and JoãO Ginja and Miguel Coutinho and Carlos Borrego},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Impacts},
year={2018},
page={115-126},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126}
}
Sandra Sorte, et al. "Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, v 1, pp 115-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126
Sandra Sorte, Myriam Lopes, Vera Rodrigues, Joana LeitãO, Alexandra Monteiro, JoãO Ginja, Miguel Coutinho and Carlos Borrego. "Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities." International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 1, (2018): 115-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126
SORTE S， LOPES M， RODRIGUES V， et al. Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Caused by Fugitive Dust Emissions from Harbour Activities[J]. International Journal of Environmental Impacts， 2018， 1(2)： 115-126. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V1-N2-115-126