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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJCMEM from 2025 Vol. 13, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities

ahmad hanafie1*,
andi haslindah1,
m. ansyar bora2,
ramadhan yusuf3,
larisang4,
sanusi4,
abdul hamid5
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Makassar, Makassar 90242, Indonesia
2
Department of Engineering Management, Institut Teknologi Batam, Batam 29425, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley Western 6102, Australia
4
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Ibnu Sina, Batam 29432, Indonesia
5
Technical and Vocational Education and Training Faculty, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 13, Issue 1, 2025
|
Pages 35-43
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
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Abstract:

Sidewalks play a crucial role in enhancing the comfort, safety, and accessibility of pedestrians. However, their design often neglects ergonomic principles, particularly in Makassar City. This study aims to determine ergonomic sidewalk heights using a local anthropometric approach based on knee-to-floor dimensions (LL) and allowance factors. Data were collected from 16 road segments in Makassar through observation, surveys, and statistical analysis. The results revealed that the existing sidewalk heights varied between 16–34 cm, with the highest interval at 28–30 cm (34%). While 96% comply with national standards (10–30 cm), they do not fully address user comfort. By applying allowance factors, the ergonomic sidewalk heights were determined as 11.93 cm (low allowance), 23.85 cm (medium allowance), and 35.78 cm (high allowance). These findings provide essential guidelines for adaptive sidewalk design, improving pedestrian comfort, accessibility, and safety, and are relevant for developing more inclusive urban infrastructure.

Keywords: sidewalks, ergonomics, allowance factors, local anthropometry, urban infrastructure design, AH allowance
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Hanafie, A., Haslindah, A., Bora, M. A., Yusuf, R., Larisang, Sanusi, & Hamid, A. (2025). Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 13(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104
A. Hanafie, A. Haslindah, M. A. Bora, R. Yusuf, Larisang, Sanusi, and A. Hamid, "Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 35-43, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104
@research-article{Hanafie2025StudyOF,
title={Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities},
author={Ahmad Hanafie and Andi Haslindah and M. Ansyar Bora and Ramadhan Yusuf and Larisang and Sanusi and Abdul Hamid},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2025},
page={35-43},
doi={https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104}
}
Ahmad Hanafie, et al. "Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 13, pp 35-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104
Ahmad Hanafie, Andi Haslindah, M. Ansyar Bora, Ramadhan Yusuf, Larisang, Sanusi and Abdul Hamid. "Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 13, (2025): 35-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104
HANAFIE A， HASLINDAH A， BORA M A， et al. Study of Flexibility Factors in Determining the Design of Ergonomic Urban Pedestrian Sidewalk Facilities[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2025， 13(1)： 35-43. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijcmem.130104