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[1] Kim, Y.S., Park, J.W. & Song, C.H., Investigation of the stem-water direct contact con- densation heat transfer coefficients using interfacial transport models. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 31(3), pp. 397–408, 2004. stransfer.2004.02.010 [Crossref]
[2] Stanford, L.E. & Webster, C.C., Energy Suppression and fission product transport in pressure-suppression pools, 1972.
[3] Kerney, P.J., Faeth, G.M. & Olson, D.R., Penetration characteristics of a sub- merged steam jet. AIChE J., 18(3), pp. 548–553, 1972. https://doi.org/10.1002/ aic.690180314
[4] Chun, M.-H., Kim, Y.-S. & Park, J.-W., An investigation of direct condensation of steam jet in subcooled water. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 23(7), pp. 947–958, 1996. [Crossref]
[5] Kim, H.Y., Bae, Y.Y., Song, C.H., Park, J.K. & Choi, S.M., Experimental study on stable steam condensation in a quenching tank. Int. J. Energy Res., 25(3), pp. 239–252, 2001. [Crossref]
[6] Sun, L., Shi, E., Hao, R., Hu, S. & Wang, C., Experiment research on characteristic of steam plume of sonic submerged jet. At. Energy Sci. Techinology, 52(5), pp. 834–838, 2018. [Crossref]
[7] Meng, Z., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Yan, R. & Shen, G., Experimental study on the conden- sation of sonic steam in the underwater environment. Nucl. Eng. Technol., 51(4), pp. 987–995, 2019.
[8] Weimer, J.C., Faeth, G.M. & Olson, D.R., Penetration of vapor jets submerged in subcooled liquids. AIChE J., 19(3), pp. 552–558, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1002/ aic.690190321
[9] Wu, X.Z., Yan, J.J., Shao, S.F., Cao, Y. & Liu, J.P., Experimental study on the conden- sation of supersonic steam jet submerged in quiescent subcooled water: Steam plume shape and heat transfer. Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 33(12), pp. 1296–1307, 2007. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.06.004
[10] Chong, D., Zhao, Q., Yuan, F., Wang, W., Chen, W. & Yan, J., Research on the steam jet length with different nozzle structures. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 64, pp. 134–141, 2015. [Crossref]
[11] Qiu, B., Yan, J., Liu, J. & Chong, D., Experimental investigation on pressure oscilla- tion frequency for submerged sonic/supersonic steam jet. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 75, pp. 388–394, 2015. [Crossref]
[12] Wang, F. et al., Shape feature and condensation heat transfer of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water. Dongli Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal Chinese Soc. Power Eng., 37(11), pp. 918–924, 2017.
[13] Li, W., Meng, Z., Sun, Z., Sun, L. & Wang, C., Investigations on the penetration length of steam-air mixture jets injected horizontally and vertically in quiescent water. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 122, pp. 89–98, 2018. fer.2018.01.075 [Crossref]
[14] Igwe, B.U.N., Ramachandran, S. & Fulton, J.C., Jet penetration and liquid splash in submerged gas injection. Metall. Trans., 4(8), pp. 1887–1894, 1973. https://doi. org/10.1007/bf02665417
[15] Hoefele, E.O. & Brimacombe, J.K., Flow regimes in submerged gas injection. Metall. Trans. B, 10(4), pp. 631–648, 1979. [Crossref]
[16] Carreau, J.L., Roger, F., Loukarfi, L., Gbahoue, L. & Hobbes, P., Penetration of a hori- zontal gas jet sumerged in a liquid. In Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conver- sion Engineering Conference, 1986, pp. 315–319.
[17] Emani, A. & Briens, C., Study of downward gas jets into a liquid. AlChe J., 54(9), pp. 2269–2280, 2008. [Crossref]
[18] Harby, K., Chiva, S. & Muñoz-Cobo, J.L., An experimental investigation on the charac- teristics of submerged horizontal gas jets in liquid ambient. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 53, pp. 26–39, 2014. [Crossref]
[19] Rassame, S., Hibiki, T. & Ishii, M., Void penetration length from air injection through a downward large diameter submerged pipe in water pool. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 94, pp. 832–840, 2016. [Crossref]
[20] Cordova, Y., Rivera, Y., Blanco, D., Berna, C., Muñoz-Cobo, J.L. & Escrivá, A., Exper- imental investigation of submerged horizontal air–steam mixture jets into stagnant water. Adv. Fluid Mech. XIII, 1, pp. 89–101, 2020.
[21] Simpson, M.E. & Chan, C.K., Hydrodynamics of a Subsonic Vapor Jet in Subcooled Liquid. J. Heat Transfer, 104, p. 271, 1982.
[22] Wu, X.-Z., Yan, J.-J., Li, W.-J., Pan, D.-D. & Chong, D.-T., Experimental study on sonic steam jet condensation in quiescent subcooled water. Chem. Eng. Sci., 64, pp. 5002–5012, 2009.
[23] Harby, K., Chiva, S. & Muñoz-Cobo, J.L., Modelling and experimental investigation of horizontal buoyant gas jets injected into stagnant uniform ambient liquid. Int. J. Mul- tiph. Flow, 93, pp. 33–47, 2017.
[24] Zhao, Q., Chen, W., Yuan, F., Wang, W., Chong, D. & Yan, J., Pressure oscillation and steam cavity during the condensation of a submerged steam jet. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 85, pp. 512–522, 2015.
[25] Zhao, Q., Cong, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Chong, D. & Yan, J., Effect of non-condensa- tion gas on pressure oscillation of submerged steam jet condensation. Nucl. Eng. Des., 305, pp. 110–120, 2016
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJCMEM from 2025 Vol. 13, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water

y. córdova1,2,
d. blanco1,
c. berna1,
j. l. muñoz-cobo1,
a. escrivá1,
y. rivera1
1
Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
2
Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana, Cuba
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 10, Issue 3, 2022
|
Pages 195-210
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

A very efficient method of condensing the steam in various industrial applications is the steam direct discharge into pools with subcooled water. This kind of condensation is known as Direct Contact Condensation (DCC), by providing high heat transfer and mass exchange capacity, the steam condenses quickly. In the past few decades, many experiments have been carried out on the submerged jets of non-condensable gases and pure steam in pools, supplying much information of interest, but efforts are still being made to obtain more information. In particular, the research of steam and non-condensable gas mixtures is of great interest to the chemical, energy, and nuclear industry. Consequently, this study investigates the discharge behavior of air-steam mixtures in a pool with subcooled water by direct visualization techniques using a high-speed camera. To know the behavior of the dimensionless momentum length, tests were carried out considering several initial discharge conditions such as nozzle diameter, percentage of mixture, and flow rates. After image acquisition, a series of complex processing, filtering, and post-processing procedures are applied using a subroutine in MATLAB. The momentum length of the jet was measured and found to be heavily influenced by the nozzle diameter, the jet velocity, and the mixture percentage. A correlation is obtained for the dimensionless momentum length of the horizontal jet that depends on the Froude and Mach numbers.

Keywords: Jets, Air-steam mixture, Direct contact condensation, Dimensionless momentum length, Digital image processing

1. Introduction

2. Experimental Set-Up and Image Processing Method

3. Experimental Results and Discussion

4. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided through the Spanish project EXMOTRANSIN ENE2016-79489-C2-1-P and the Santiago Grisolía Program for the train- ing of research personnel.

References
[1] Kim, Y.S., Park, J.W. & Song, C.H., Investigation of the stem-water direct contact con- densation heat transfer coefficients using interfacial transport models. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 31(3), pp. 397–408, 2004. stransfer.2004.02.010 [Crossref]
[2] Stanford, L.E. & Webster, C.C., Energy Suppression and fission product transport in pressure-suppression pools, 1972.
[3] Kerney, P.J., Faeth, G.M. & Olson, D.R., Penetration characteristics of a sub- merged steam jet. AIChE J., 18(3), pp. 548–553, 1972. https://doi.org/10.1002/ aic.690180314
[4] Chun, M.-H., Kim, Y.-S. & Park, J.-W., An investigation of direct condensation of steam jet in subcooled water. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 23(7), pp. 947–958, 1996. [Crossref]
[5] Kim, H.Y., Bae, Y.Y., Song, C.H., Park, J.K. & Choi, S.M., Experimental study on stable steam condensation in a quenching tank. Int. J. Energy Res., 25(3), pp. 239–252, 2001. [Crossref]
[6] Sun, L., Shi, E., Hao, R., Hu, S. & Wang, C., Experiment research on characteristic of steam plume of sonic submerged jet. At. Energy Sci. Techinology, 52(5), pp. 834–838, 2018. [Crossref]
[7] Meng, Z., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Yan, R. & Shen, G., Experimental study on the conden- sation of sonic steam in the underwater environment. Nucl. Eng. Technol., 51(4), pp. 987–995, 2019.
[8] Weimer, J.C., Faeth, G.M. & Olson, D.R., Penetration of vapor jets submerged in subcooled liquids. AIChE J., 19(3), pp. 552–558, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1002/ aic.690190321
[9] Wu, X.Z., Yan, J.J., Shao, S.F., Cao, Y. & Liu, J.P., Experimental study on the conden- sation of supersonic steam jet submerged in quiescent subcooled water: Steam plume shape and heat transfer. Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 33(12), pp. 1296–1307, 2007. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.06.004
[10] Chong, D., Zhao, Q., Yuan, F., Wang, W., Chen, W. & Yan, J., Research on the steam jet length with different nozzle structures. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 64, pp. 134–141, 2015. [Crossref]
[11] Qiu, B., Yan, J., Liu, J. & Chong, D., Experimental investigation on pressure oscilla- tion frequency for submerged sonic/supersonic steam jet. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 75, pp. 388–394, 2015. [Crossref]
[12] Wang, F. et al., Shape feature and condensation heat transfer of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water. Dongli Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal Chinese Soc. Power Eng., 37(11), pp. 918–924, 2017.
[13] Li, W., Meng, Z., Sun, Z., Sun, L. & Wang, C., Investigations on the penetration length of steam-air mixture jets injected horizontally and vertically in quiescent water. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 122, pp. 89–98, 2018. fer.2018.01.075 [Crossref]
[14] Igwe, B.U.N., Ramachandran, S. & Fulton, J.C., Jet penetration and liquid splash in submerged gas injection. Metall. Trans., 4(8), pp. 1887–1894, 1973. https://doi. org/10.1007/bf02665417
[15] Hoefele, E.O. & Brimacombe, J.K., Flow regimes in submerged gas injection. Metall. Trans. B, 10(4), pp. 631–648, 1979. [Crossref]
[16] Carreau, J.L., Roger, F., Loukarfi, L., Gbahoue, L. & Hobbes, P., Penetration of a hori- zontal gas jet sumerged in a liquid. In Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conver- sion Engineering Conference, 1986, pp. 315–319.
[17] Emani, A. & Briens, C., Study of downward gas jets into a liquid. AlChe J., 54(9), pp. 2269–2280, 2008. [Crossref]
[18] Harby, K., Chiva, S. & Muñoz-Cobo, J.L., An experimental investigation on the charac- teristics of submerged horizontal gas jets in liquid ambient. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 53, pp. 26–39, 2014. [Crossref]
[19] Rassame, S., Hibiki, T. & Ishii, M., Void penetration length from air injection through a downward large diameter submerged pipe in water pool. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 94, pp. 832–840, 2016. [Crossref]
[20] Cordova, Y., Rivera, Y., Blanco, D., Berna, C., Muñoz-Cobo, J.L. & Escrivá, A., Exper- imental investigation of submerged horizontal air–steam mixture jets into stagnant water. Adv. Fluid Mech. XIII, 1, pp. 89–101, 2020.
[21] Simpson, M.E. & Chan, C.K., Hydrodynamics of a Subsonic Vapor Jet in Subcooled Liquid. J. Heat Transfer, 104, p. 271, 1982.
[22] Wu, X.-Z., Yan, J.-J., Li, W.-J., Pan, D.-D. & Chong, D.-T., Experimental study on sonic steam jet condensation in quiescent subcooled water. Chem. Eng. Sci., 64, pp. 5002–5012, 2009.
[23] Harby, K., Chiva, S. & Muñoz-Cobo, J.L., Modelling and experimental investigation of horizontal buoyant gas jets injected into stagnant uniform ambient liquid. Int. J. Mul- tiph. Flow, 93, pp. 33–47, 2017.
[24] Zhao, Q., Chen, W., Yuan, F., Wang, W., Chong, D. & Yan, J., Pressure oscillation and steam cavity during the condensation of a submerged steam jet. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 85, pp. 512–522, 2015.
[25] Zhao, Q., Cong, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Chong, D. & Yan, J., Effect of non-condensa- tion gas on pressure oscillation of submerged steam jet condensation. Nucl. Eng. Des., 305, pp. 110–120, 2016
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Córdova, Y., Blanco, D., Berna, C., Muñoz-Cobo, J. L., Escrivá, A., & Rivera, Y. (2022). Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 10(3), 195-210. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210
Y. Córdova, D. Blanco, C. Berna, J. L. Muñoz-Cobo, A. Escrivá, and Y. Rivera, "Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 195-210, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210
@research-article{Córdova2022ExperimentalCO,
title={Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water},
author={Y. CóRdova and D. Blanco and C. Berna and J. L. MuñOz-Cobo and A. Escrivá and Y. Rivera},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2022},
page={195-210},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210}
}
Y. CóRdova, et al. "Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 10, pp 195-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210
Y. CóRdova, D. Blanco, C. Berna, J. L. MuñOz-Cobo, A. Escrivá and Y. Rivera. "Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 10, (2022): 195-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210
CÓRDOVA Y， BLANCO D， BERNA C， et al. Experimental Characterization of the Dimensionless Momentum Length for Submerged Jet Discharges of Air-Steam Mixtures into Stagnant Water[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2022， 10(3)： 195-210. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N3-195-210