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Czemiel Berndtsson, J., Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: A review. Ecological Engineering, 36(4), pp. 351–360, 2010. [Crossref]
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Brandão, C., et al., Wet season hydrological performance of green roofs using native species under Mediterranean climate. Ecological Engineering, 102, pp. 596–611, 2017. [Crossref]
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Beecham, S. & Razzaghmanesh, M., Water quality and quantity investigation of green roofs in a dry climate. Water Research, 70, pp. 370–384, 2015. watres.2014.12.015 [Crossref]
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Versini, P.A., et al., Assessment of the hydrological impacts of green roof: From build- ing scale to basin scale. Journal of Hydrology, 524, pp. 562–575, 2015. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.020
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Palla, A., et al., Storm water infiltration in a monitored green roof for hydrologic res- toration. Water Sci Technol, 64(3), pp. 766–773, 2011. 2011.171 [Crossref]
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Soulis, K.X., et al., Simulation of green roof runoff under different substrate depths and vegetation covers by coupling a simple conceptual and a physically based hydrological model. Journal of Environmental Management, 200, pp. 434–445, 2017. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.012
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJCMEM from 2025 Vol. 13, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs

Anita Raimondi1,
Mariana Marchioni1,
Umberto Sanfilippo1,
Fernando Ferreira Stroppa2,
Gianfranco Becciu2
1
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
2
Università di Pisa, Italy
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 10, Issue 1, 2022
|
Pages 13-25
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

In recent decades, green roofs are encouraged as effective tools of sustainable urban drainage system for stormwater management. They contribute to the reduction of runoff peak flows and volume dis- charges to sewer systems. Green roof reliability in stormwater control is mainly a function of storage capacity, given by the growing medium and the drainage layers. While the thickness of this last layer is usually defined by standards, the growing medium thickness strictly depends on vegetation type and rainfall regime. This paper presents an analytical probabilistic approach to evaluate this thickness as a function of the reliability of green roofs in term of runoff reduction. The possibility of pre-filling from previous events was also considered, by mean of chained rainfall events. The proposed model has the advantage to combine the simplicity of design methods with the accuracy of continuous simulation.

The proposed equations were validated by an application to a case study in Milano, Italy. Monthly analyses were carried out to highlight monthly differences in roof operation due to rainfall distribution and evapotranspiration rate all along the year. Results showed a good agreement with those obtained by the continuous simulation.

Keywords: Green roof, Probabilistic model, Stormwater management, SuDS

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Case Study

4. Results

5. Conclusion

References
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Palla, A., Gnecco, I. & La Barbera, P., Assessing the hydrologic performance of a green roof retrofitting scenario for a small urban catchment. Water, 10(8), p. 1052, 2018. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w10081052
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Raimondi, A., et al., Green Roof Performance in Sustainable Cities. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 243, pp. 111–122, 2020.
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Raimondi, A., et al., Vegetation survival in green roofs without irrigation. Water, 13(2), p. 136, 2021. [Crossref]
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Vijayaraghavan, K., Joshi, U. & Balasubramanian, R., A field study to evaluate run- off quality from green roofs. Water Research, 46(4), pp. 1337–1345, 2012. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.050
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Carter, T. & Fowler, L., Establishing green roof infrastructure through environmental policy instruments. Environmental Management, 42(1), pp. 151–164, 2008. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00267-008-9095-5
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Gnecco, I., et al., The Role of Green Roofs as a Source/sink of Pollutants in Storm Water Outflows. Water Resources Management, 27(14), pp. 4715–4730, 2013. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0414-0
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Yang, Y. & Davidson, C.I., Green Roof Aging Effect on Physical Properties and Hydro- logic Performance. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 7(3), p. 04021007, 2021. [Crossref]
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Li, Y. & Babcock Jr., R.W., Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: A review. Water Sci Technol, 69(4), pp. 727–738, 2014. [Crossref]
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Czemiel Berndtsson, J., Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: A review. Ecological Engineering, 36(4), pp. 351–360, 2010. [Crossref]
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Camnasio, E. & Becciu, G., Evaluation of the Feasibility of Irrigation Storage in a Flood Detention Pond in an Agricultural Catchment in Northern Italy. Water Resources Management, 25(5), pp. 1489–1508, 2011. [Crossref]
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Brandão, C., et al., Wet season hydrological performance of green roofs using native species under Mediterranean climate. Ecological Engineering, 102, pp. 596–611, 2017. [Crossref]
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Beecham, S. & Razzaghmanesh, M., Water quality and quantity investigation of green roofs in a dry climate. Water Research, 70, pp. 370–384, 2015. watres.2014.12.015 [Crossref]
26.
Carter, T. & Jackson, C.R., Vegetated roofs for stormwater management at multiple spatial scales. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80(1), pp. 84–94, 2007. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.06.005
27.
Versini, P.A., et al., Assessment of the hydrological impacts of green roof: From build- ing scale to basin scale. Journal of Hydrology, 524, pp. 562–575, 2015. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.020
28.
Palla, A., et al., Storm water infiltration in a monitored green roof for hydrologic res- toration. Water Sci Technol, 64(3), pp. 766–773, 2011. 2011.171 [Crossref]
29.
Getter, K.L., Rowe, D.B. & Andresen, J.A., Quantifying the effect of slope on extensive green roof stormwater retention. Ecological Engineering, 31(4), pp. 225–231, 2007. [Crossref]
30.
Chowdhury, R.K. & Beecham, S., Characterization of rainfall spells for urban water management. International Journal of Climatology, 33(4), pp. 959–967, 2013. https:// doi.org/10.1002/joc.3482
31.
Voyde, E., Fassman, E. & Simcock, R., Hydrology of an extensive living roof under sub-tropical climate conditions in Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of Hydrology, 394(3), pp. 384–395, 2010. [Crossref]
32.
Soulis, K.X., et al., Simulation of green roof runoff under different substrate depths and vegetation covers by coupling a simple conceptual and a physically based hydrological model. Journal of Environmental Management, 200, pp. 434–445, 2017. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.012
33.
Li, Y. & Babcock, R.W., Modeling Hydrologic Performance of a Green Roof System with HYDRUS-2D. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 141(11), p. 04015036, 2015. [Crossref]
34.
Palla, A., Gnecco, I. & Lanza, L.G., Compared performance of a conceptual and a mechanistic hydrologic models of a green roof. Hydrological Processes, 26(1), pp. 73–84, 2012. [Crossref]
35.
Eagleson, P.S., Dynamics of flood frequency. Water Resources Research, 8, pp. 878– 898, 1972. [Crossref]
36.
Becciu, G., Brath, A. & Rosso, R., Physically based methodology for regional flood frequency analysis. Proc. Symposium on Engineering Hydrology, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25–30 July 1993, pp. 461–466, 1993.
37.
Adams, B.J. & Papa, F., Urban Stormwater Management Planning with Analytical Probabilistic Models, 2000.
38.
Guo, Y., Hydrologic design of urban flood control detention ponds. Journal of Hydro- logic Engineering, 6(6), pp. 472–479, 2001. (2001)6:6(472) [Crossref]
39.
Guo, Y. & Adams, B.J., An analytical probabilistic approach to sizing flood control detention facilities. Water Resources Research, 35(8), pp. 2457–2468, 1999. https://doi. org/10.1029/1999wr900125
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Guo, Y. & Adams, B.J., Hydrologic analysis of urban catchments with event-based probabilistic models: 1. Runoff volume. Water Resources Research, 34(12), pp. 3421– 3431, 1998. [Crossref]
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Raimondi, A. & Becciu, G., Performance of green roofs for rainwater control. Water Resources Management, 35(1), pp. 99–111, 2021. 02712-3 [Crossref]
42.
Raimondi, A. & Becciu, G., On pre-filling probability of flood control detention facili- ties. Urban Water Journal, 12(4), pp. 344–351, 2015. 62x.2014.901398 [Crossref]
43.
Becciu, G. & Raimondi, A., Probabilistic analysis of the retention time in stormwa- ter detention facilities. Procedia Engineering, 119, pp. 1299–1307, 2015. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.951
44.
Becciu, G. & Raimondi, A., Probabilistic modeling of the efficiency of a stormwater detention facility, 2015.
45.
Raimondi, A. & Becciu, G., Probabilistic modeling of rainwater tanks. Procedia Engi- neering, 89, pp. 1493–1499, 2014. [Crossref]
46.
Raimondi, A. & Becciu, G., Probabilistic design of multi-use rainwater tanks. Procedia Engineering, 70, pp. 1391–1400, 2014. [Crossref]
47.
Guo, Y. & Baetz, B.W., Sizing of rainwater storage units for green building applications. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 12(2), pp. 197–205, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1061/ (asce)1084-0699(2007)12:2(197)
48.
Becciu, G., Raimondi, A. & Dresti, C., Semi-probabilistic design of rainwater tanks: a case study in Northern Italy. Urban Water Journal, 15(3), pp. 192–199, 2018. https:// doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2016.1148177
49.
Raimondi, A., et al., Infiltration-Exfiltration systems design under hydrological uncer- tainty. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 194, pp. 143–154, 2020.
50.
Zhang, S. & Guo, Y., An analytical equation for evaluating the stormwater volume control performance of permeable pavement systems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 141(4), p. 06014004, 2015. 1943-4774.0000810 [Crossref]
51.
Guo, Y. & Gao, T., Analytical equations for estimating the total runoff reduction effi- ciency of infiltration trenches. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 2(3), p. 06016001, 2016. [Crossref]
Cite this:
APA Style
IEEE Style
BibTex Style
MLA Style
Chicago Style
GB-T-7714-2015
Raimondi, A., Marchioni, M., Sanfilippo, U., Stroppa, F. F., & Becciu, G. (2022). Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 10(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25
A. Raimondi, M. Marchioni, U. Sanfilippo, F. F. Stroppa, and G. Becciu, "Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 13-25, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25
@research-article{Raimondi2022ProbabilisticEO,
title={Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs},
author={Anita Raimondi and Mariana Marchioni and Umberto Sanfilippo and Fernando Ferreira Stroppa and Gianfranco Becciu},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2022},
page={13-25},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25}
}
Anita Raimondi, et al. "Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 10, pp 13-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25
Anita Raimondi, Mariana Marchioni, Umberto Sanfilippo, Fernando Ferreira Stroppa and Gianfranco Becciu. "Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 10, (2022): 13-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25
RAIMONDI A， MARCHIONI M， SANFILIPPO U， et al. Probabilistic Estimation of Runoff from Green Roofs[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2022， 10(1)： 13-25. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N1-13-25