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[1] Tannert, T., Vallée, T. & Hehl, S., Temperature dependent strength of adhesively bonded timber joints. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wood Adhesives, pp. 76–80. 2009.
[2] De Castro, J., System ductility and redundancy of FRP structures with ductile adhe-sively-bonded joints. EPFL, Lausanne, 2005.
[3] Lehmann, M., Vallée, T., Tannert, T. & Brunner, M., Adhesively bonded joints com-posed of wooden load-bearing elements. In 12th International Conference on Fracture, ICF-12, pp. 2741–2749, Ottawa, ON, 2009.
[4] Tannert, T., Vallée, T. & Hehl, S., Experimental and numerical investigations on adhe-sively bonded hardwood joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 37, pp. 65–69, 2012.
[5] Keller, T. & De Castro, J., System ductility and redundancy of FRP beam structures with ductile adhesive joints. Composites Part B: Engineering, 36(8), pp. 586–596, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Banea, M.D. & da Silva, L.F.M., Mechanical characterization of flexible adhesives. Journal of Adhesion, 85(4–5), pp. 261–285, 2009.
[7] Park, R. & Pauley, T., Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley and Sons: New York, United States of America, 1975.
[8] Baker, J.F, Horne, M.R. & Heyman, J., Plastic Behavior and Design, the Steel Skeleton, vol.2, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1956.
[9] Yanes-Armas, S., de Castro, J. & Keller, T., Energy dissipation and recovery in web-flange junctions of pultruded GFRP decks. Composite Structures, 148, pp. 168–180, 2016. [Crossref]
[10] Grace, N.F., Soliman, A., Abdel-Sayed, G. & Saleh, K., Behavior and ductility of sim-ple and continuous FRP reinforced beams. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2(4), pp. 186–194, 1998.
[11] De Lorenzis, L., Galati, D. & La Tegola, A., Stiffness and ductility of fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete members. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 157(1), pp. 31–51, 2004.
[12] Naaman, A.E. & Jeong, S.M., Structural ductility of concrete beams prestressed with FRP tendons, Nonmetallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures. Proceeding of the Second International RILEM Symposium (FRPRCS-2), pp. 379–386, 1995.
[13] Vallée, T., Tannert, T. & Hehl, S., Ductile adhesively bonded timber joints. Wood Adhe-sives, Session 4B, pp. 315–318, 2009.
[14] Sika, A.G., SikaDur-330: 2-part epoxy impregnation resin, 2006.
[15] Sika, A.G., SikaFast5221 NT: Fast-curing 2-component structural adhesive. Zurich, 2013.
[16] Angelidi, M., Vassilopoulos, A.P. & Keller, T., Ductility, recovery and strain rate depen-dency of an acrylic structural adhesive. Construction and Building Materials, 140(1), pp. 184–93, 2017.
[17] Angelidi, M., Vassilopoulos, A.P. & Keller, T., Displacement rate and structural effects on Poisson ratio of a ductile structural adhesive under tension and compression. Inter-national Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2016.
[18] Dinwoodie, J.M., Timber - a review of the structure-mechanical property relationship. Journal of Microscopy, 104(1), pp. 3–32, 1975.
[19] Zhong, W., Huang, X., Hao, Z., Hu, W., Zhou, H. & Chen, G., Investigation of compres-sive properties of spruce along spatial different loading orientations. 15th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Porto, 2012.
[20] SIA. 265–Timber structures, Swiss Standards Association, 2003.
[21] Keller, T. & Gürtler, H., Composite action and adhesive bond between FRP bridge decks and main girders. Journal of Composites for Construction, 9(4), pp. 360–368, 2005. [Crossref]
[22] Jo, B.W., Tae, G.H. & Kwon, B.Y., Ductility evaluation of prestressed concrete beams with CFRP tendons. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 23(8), pp. 843–859, 2004.
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Open Access
Research article

Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints

M. Angelidi,
A. P. Vassilopoulos,
T. Keller
Composite Construction Laboratory (CCLab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 5, Issue 6, 2017
|
Pages 917-927
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: 10-31-2017
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

In the field of timber engineering, adhesive bonding remains a promising, though poorly developed, joining technique that may increase the structural stiffness and capacity of timber joints and structures. Selecting ductile adhesives may further allow to conceive ductile joints, which can compensate for the missing material ductility of timber. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, adhesively bonded double-lap timber joints were manufactured using a ductile acrylic adhesive and then subjected to axial tension and compression. The load–displacement responses were captured and compared to those of the same joints composed of a brittle epoxy adhesive. The effect of the different adhesives on the joint ductility has been studied and quantified.

Keywords: Acrylics, Adhesives, Capacity, Ductility, Epoxy, Spruce, Stiffness, Timber Joint

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the funding of this work by the National Research Pro-gram NRP 66 of the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 406640-136680).

References
[1] Tannert, T., Vallée, T. & Hehl, S., Temperature dependent strength of adhesively bonded timber joints. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wood Adhesives, pp. 76–80. 2009.
[2] De Castro, J., System ductility and redundancy of FRP structures with ductile adhe-sively-bonded joints. EPFL, Lausanne, 2005.
[3] Lehmann, M., Vallée, T., Tannert, T. & Brunner, M., Adhesively bonded joints com-posed of wooden load-bearing elements. In 12th International Conference on Fracture, ICF-12, pp. 2741–2749, Ottawa, ON, 2009.
[4] Tannert, T., Vallée, T. & Hehl, S., Experimental and numerical investigations on adhe-sively bonded hardwood joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 37, pp. 65–69, 2012.
[5] Keller, T. & De Castro, J., System ductility and redundancy of FRP beam structures with ductile adhesive joints. Composites Part B: Engineering, 36(8), pp. 586–596, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Banea, M.D. & da Silva, L.F.M., Mechanical characterization of flexible adhesives. Journal of Adhesion, 85(4–5), pp. 261–285, 2009.
[7] Park, R. & Pauley, T., Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley and Sons: New York, United States of America, 1975.
[8] Baker, J.F, Horne, M.R. & Heyman, J., Plastic Behavior and Design, the Steel Skeleton, vol.2, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1956.
[9] Yanes-Armas, S., de Castro, J. & Keller, T., Energy dissipation and recovery in web-flange junctions of pultruded GFRP decks. Composite Structures, 148, pp. 168–180, 2016. [Crossref]
[10] Grace, N.F., Soliman, A., Abdel-Sayed, G. & Saleh, K., Behavior and ductility of sim-ple and continuous FRP reinforced beams. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2(4), pp. 186–194, 1998.
[11] De Lorenzis, L., Galati, D. & La Tegola, A., Stiffness and ductility of fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete members. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 157(1), pp. 31–51, 2004.
[12] Naaman, A.E. & Jeong, S.M., Structural ductility of concrete beams prestressed with FRP tendons, Nonmetallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures. Proceeding of the Second International RILEM Symposium (FRPRCS-2), pp. 379–386, 1995.
[13] Vallée, T., Tannert, T. & Hehl, S., Ductile adhesively bonded timber joints. Wood Adhe-sives, Session 4B, pp. 315–318, 2009.
[14] Sika, A.G., SikaDur-330: 2-part epoxy impregnation resin, 2006.
[15] Sika, A.G., SikaFast5221 NT: Fast-curing 2-component structural adhesive. Zurich, 2013.
[16] Angelidi, M., Vassilopoulos, A.P. & Keller, T., Ductility, recovery and strain rate depen-dency of an acrylic structural adhesive. Construction and Building Materials, 140(1), pp. 184–93, 2017.
[17] Angelidi, M., Vassilopoulos, A.P. & Keller, T., Displacement rate and structural effects on Poisson ratio of a ductile structural adhesive under tension and compression. Inter-national Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2016.
[18] Dinwoodie, J.M., Timber - a review of the structure-mechanical property relationship. Journal of Microscopy, 104(1), pp. 3–32, 1975.
[19] Zhong, W., Huang, X., Hao, Z., Hu, W., Zhou, H. & Chen, G., Investigation of compres-sive properties of spruce along spatial different loading orientations. 15th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Porto, 2012.
[20] SIA. 265–Timber structures, Swiss Standards Association, 2003.
[21] Keller, T. & Gürtler, H., Composite action and adhesive bond between FRP bridge decks and main girders. Journal of Composites for Construction, 9(4), pp. 360–368, 2005. [Crossref]
[22] Jo, B.W., Tae, G.H. & Kwon, B.Y., Ductility evaluation of prestressed concrete beams with CFRP tendons. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 23(8), pp. 843–859, 2004.

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Angelidi, M., Vassilopoulos, A. P., & Keller, T. (2017). Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 5(6), 917-927. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927
M. Angelidi, A. P. Vassilopoulos, and T. Keller, "Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 917-927, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927
@research-article{Angelidi2017DuctilityOA,
title={Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints},
author={M. Angelidi and A. P. Vassilopoulos and T. Keller},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2017},
page={917-927},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927}
}
M. Angelidi, et al. "Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 5, pp 917-927. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927
M. Angelidi, A. P. Vassilopoulos and T. Keller. "Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 5, (2017): 917-927. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927
Angelidi M., Vassilopoulos A. P., Keller T.. Ductility of Adhesively Bonded Timber Joints[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 2017, 5(6): 917-927. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-917-927