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[1] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of timber members in service by means of infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials, 101(2), pp. 1197–1205, 2015.
[2] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Meder, R., Assessing trees, wood and derived products with near infrared spectroscopy: hints and tips. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 24(6), pp. 485–505, 2016.
[3] Bocur, V., Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood, Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 75–123, 2003.
[4] Via, B.K., Zhou C., Acquah, G., Jiang W. & Eckhardt, L., Near infrared spectroscopy calibration for wood chemistry: Which chemometric technique is best for prediction and interpretation? Sensors, 14, pp. 13532–13547, 2014.
[5] Kelley, S.S., Rials, T.G., Snell, R., Groom, L.H. & Sluiter, A., Use of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the chemical and mechanical properties of solid wood. Wood Science and Technology, 38(4), pp 257–276, 2004.
[6] McLean, J.P., Jin, G., Brennan, M., Nieuwoudt, M.K. & Harris, P.J., Using NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to rapidly detect compression wood in Pinus radiata. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 44(7), pp. 820–830, 2014.
[7] Meder, R. & Meglen, R.R., Near infrared spectroscopic and hyperspectral imaging of compression wood in Pinus radiata D. Don. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 20(5), pp. 583–589, 2012.
[8] Mauruschat, D., Plinke, B., Aderhold, J., Gunschera, J., Meinlschmidt, P. & Salthammer, T., Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the fast detection and sorting of wood–plastic composites and waste wood treated with wood preservatives. Wood Science and Technology, 50(2), pp. 313–331, 2016.
[9] Sandak, A., Rozanska, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M. Near infrared spectroscopic studies on coatings of 19th century wooden parquets from manor houses in South-Eastern Poland. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(4), pp. 508–517, 2015.
[10] Fackler, K., & Schwanninger, M., How spectroscopy and microspectroscopy of degraded wood contribute to understand fungal wood decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 96(3), pp. 587–599, 2012.
[11] Sandak A., Ferrari, S., Sandak, J., Allegretti, O., Terziev, N. & Riggio, M., Monitoring of wood decay by near infrared spectroscopy. Advanced Material Research, 778, pp. 802–809, 2013.
[12] Leblon, B., Adedipe, O., Hans, G., Haddadi, A., Tsuchikawa, S., Burger, J., Stirling, R., Pirouz, Z., Groves, K., Nader, J. & LaRocque. A., A review of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring moisture content and density of solid wood. The Forestry Chronicle. 89(5), pp. 595–606, 2013.
[13] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of timber members in service by means of infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials, 101(2), pp. 1197–1205, 2015.
[14] Lazarescu, C., Hart, F., Pirouz, Z., Panagiotidis, K., Mansfield, S.D., Barrett, J.D. & Avramidis, S., Wood species identification by near-infrared spectroscopy. International Wood Products Journal, 8(1), pp. 32–35, 2017.
[15] Brunner, M., Eugster, R., Trenka, E. & Bergamin-Strotz, L., FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Wood Identification. Holozforshung, 50(2), pp. 130–134, 1996.
[16] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Non destructive characterization of wooden members using near infrared spectroscopy. Advanced Materials Research, 778, pp. 328–334, 2013. [Crossref]
[17] Dahlbacka J. & Lillhonga, T., Moisture measurement in timber utilising a multi-layer partial least squares calibration approach Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 18(6), pp. 425–433, 2010.
[18] Zanetti, M., Rials, T. & Rammer, D., NIR-monitoring of in-service wood structures, Proceedings of Structures Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 10. 2005.
[19] Sandak, A., Sandak, J., Burud, I. & Gobakken, L.R., Weathering Kinetics of Thin Wood Veneers Assessed with near Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 24(6), pp. 549–553, 2016.
[20] Sandak, J., Sandak, A. & Riggio, M., Characterization and monitoring of surface weathering on exposed timber structures with a multi-sensor approach. International Journal of Archi-tectural Heritage, 9(6), pp. 674–688, 2015.
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Open Access
Research article

Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures

Jakub Sandak,
Anna Sandak
CNR-IVALSA Trees and Timber Institute, San Michele All’Adige, Italy
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 5, Issue 6, 2017
|
Pages 858-871
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: 10-31-2017
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Infrared is a part of electromagnetic spectrum not visible for the human eye, but contain important information regarding material status. Several scientific methods have been developed during years to acquire, analyse and interpret the infrared radiation in active and passive way. The technology become especially interesting nowadays when infrared measuring instruments become portable and affordable, being reasonably accurate at the same time. This research summarizes some possibilities of implementing modern instruments available on the market but also presents prototype solutions developed for the research needs in the laboratory. Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopies as well as hyperspectral and thermal imaging in different configurations are briefly described with a special focus on the specific application in assessment of timber structures. Advantages for implementation but also limiting factors for each technology are listed and discussed.

Keywords: Hyperspectral Imaging, Infrared, Non-Destructive Testing, Spectroscopy, Thermovision, Timber Structures Assessment
Acknowledgments

Part of the work was conducted during BIO4ever project (RBSI14Y7Y4) funded within a call SIR by MIUR.

References
[1] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of timber members in service by means of infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials, 101(2), pp. 1197–1205, 2015.
[2] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Meder, R., Assessing trees, wood and derived products with near infrared spectroscopy: hints and tips. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 24(6), pp. 485–505, 2016.
[3] Bocur, V., Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood, Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 75–123, 2003.
[4] Via, B.K., Zhou C., Acquah, G., Jiang W. & Eckhardt, L., Near infrared spectroscopy calibration for wood chemistry: Which chemometric technique is best for prediction and interpretation? Sensors, 14, pp. 13532–13547, 2014.
[5] Kelley, S.S., Rials, T.G., Snell, R., Groom, L.H. & Sluiter, A., Use of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the chemical and mechanical properties of solid wood. Wood Science and Technology, 38(4), pp 257–276, 2004.
[6] McLean, J.P., Jin, G., Brennan, M., Nieuwoudt, M.K. & Harris, P.J., Using NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to rapidly detect compression wood in Pinus radiata. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 44(7), pp. 820–830, 2014.
[7] Meder, R. & Meglen, R.R., Near infrared spectroscopic and hyperspectral imaging of compression wood in Pinus radiata D. Don. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 20(5), pp. 583–589, 2012.
[8] Mauruschat, D., Plinke, B., Aderhold, J., Gunschera, J., Meinlschmidt, P. & Salthammer, T., Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the fast detection and sorting of wood–plastic composites and waste wood treated with wood preservatives. Wood Science and Technology, 50(2), pp. 313–331, 2016.
[9] Sandak, A., Rozanska, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M. Near infrared spectroscopic studies on coatings of 19th century wooden parquets from manor houses in South-Eastern Poland. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(4), pp. 508–517, 2015.
[10] Fackler, K., & Schwanninger, M., How spectroscopy and microspectroscopy of degraded wood contribute to understand fungal wood decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 96(3), pp. 587–599, 2012.
[11] Sandak A., Ferrari, S., Sandak, J., Allegretti, O., Terziev, N. & Riggio, M., Monitoring of wood decay by near infrared spectroscopy. Advanced Material Research, 778, pp. 802–809, 2013.
[12] Leblon, B., Adedipe, O., Hans, G., Haddadi, A., Tsuchikawa, S., Burger, J., Stirling, R., Pirouz, Z., Groves, K., Nader, J. & LaRocque. A., A review of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring moisture content and density of solid wood. The Forestry Chronicle. 89(5), pp. 595–606, 2013.
[13] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of timber members in service by means of infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials, 101(2), pp. 1197–1205, 2015.
[14] Lazarescu, C., Hart, F., Pirouz, Z., Panagiotidis, K., Mansfield, S.D., Barrett, J.D. & Avramidis, S., Wood species identification by near-infrared spectroscopy. International Wood Products Journal, 8(1), pp. 32–35, 2017.
[15] Brunner, M., Eugster, R., Trenka, E. & Bergamin-Strotz, L., FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Wood Identification. Holozforshung, 50(2), pp. 130–134, 1996.
[16] Sandak, A., Sandak, J. & Riggio, M., Non destructive characterization of wooden members using near infrared spectroscopy. Advanced Materials Research, 778, pp. 328–334, 2013. [Crossref]
[17] Dahlbacka J. & Lillhonga, T., Moisture measurement in timber utilising a multi-layer partial least squares calibration approach Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 18(6), pp. 425–433, 2010.
[18] Zanetti, M., Rials, T. & Rammer, D., NIR-monitoring of in-service wood structures, Proceedings of Structures Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 10. 2005.
[19] Sandak, A., Sandak, J., Burud, I. & Gobakken, L.R., Weathering Kinetics of Thin Wood Veneers Assessed with near Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 24(6), pp. 549–553, 2016.
[20] Sandak, J., Sandak, A. & Riggio, M., Characterization and monitoring of surface weathering on exposed timber structures with a multi-sensor approach. International Journal of Archi-tectural Heritage, 9(6), pp. 674–688, 2015.
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Sandak, J. & Sandak, A. (2017). Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 5(6), 858-871. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871
J. Sandak and A. Sandak, "Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 858-871, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871
@research-article{Sandak2017UsingVI,
title={Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures},
author={Jakub Sandak and Anna Sandak},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2017},
page={858-871},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871}
}
Jakub Sandak, et al. "Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 5, pp 858-871. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871
Jakub Sandak and Anna Sandak. "Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 5, (2017): 858-871. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871
Sandak J.， Sandak A.. Using Various Infrared Techniques for Assessing Timber Structures[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2017， 5(6)： 858-871. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-858-871