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[1] Reddy, J.N., Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates and Shells: Theory and Analy-sis. CRC press, 2004.
[2] Sturzenbecher, R. & Hofstetter, K., Bending of cross-ply laminated composites: an accurate and efficient plate theory based upon models of lekhnitskii and ren. Composite Structures, 93(3), pp. 1078–1088, 2011.
[3] Hochreiner, G., Fussl, J. & Eberhardsteiner, J., Cross-laminated timber plates subjected to concentrated loading: experimental identification of failure mechanisms. Strain, 50(1), pp. 68–81, 2014.
[4] Sturzenbecher, R., Hofstetter, K. & Eberhardsteiner, J., Structural design of cross lami-nated timber (CLT) by advanced plate theories. Composites Science and Technology, 70(9), pp. 1368–1379, 2010.
[5] Vlasov, V., Method of initial functions in problems of theory of thick plates and shells. Proceedings of the ninth of the International Congresses on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Brussels, p. 321, 1957.
[6] Bahar, LY., A state space approach to elasticity. Journal of Franklin Institute, pp. 33–41, 1975.
[7] Wu, Z.J., Exact solution of orthotropic simply-supported rectangular plates under arbi-trary loadings. University of Hefei Technology: Hefei, China, 1987.
[8] Fan, J. & Ye, J., An exact solution for the statics and dynamics of laminated thick plates with orthotropic layers. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 26(7), pp. 655–662, 1990.
[9] Wu, ZJ. & Wardenier, J., Further investigation on the exact elasticity solution for aniso-tropic thick rectangular plates. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(7–8), pp. 747–758, 1998.
[10] Czaderski, C., Steiger, R., Howald, M., Olia, S., Gülzow, A. & Niemz, P., Versuche und Berechnungen an Allseitig Gelagerten 3-Schichtigen Brettsperrholzplatten. Holz als Roh - und Werkst, 65(5), pp. 383–402, 2007.
[11] O’Dowd, B., Cunningham, L.S. & Nedwell, P., Briefing : Experimental and theoretical bending stiffness of cross-laminated timber panels. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 169(6), pp. 277–281, 2016.
[12] FPInnovations. CLT Handbook Canadian Edition. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53, pp. 1689–1699, 2013.
[13] Sikora, K.S., McPolin, D.O. & Harte, A.M., Effects of the thickness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from irish sitka spruce on mechanical performance in bend-ing and shear. Construction and Building Materials, 116, pp. 141–150, 2016.
[14] Ren, J.G., Bending theory of laminated plate. Composites Science and Technology, 27(3), pp. 225–248, 1986.
[15] Pagano, N.J., Exact solutions for composite laminates in cylindrical bending. Compos-ite Materials, 3, pp. 398–411, 1987.
[17] Ye, J., Laminated Composite Plates and Shells, London: Springer London, 2003. [Crossref]
[18] Stauder, C., Cross-Laminated Timber: An Analysis of the Austrian Industry and Ideas for Fostering its Development in America, Austria, 2013.
[19] Albostami, A., Wu, Z. & Zou, Z., Precise determination of structural behaviour of com-posite plates. Proceeding of MACE PGR Conference, Manchester, pp. 21–23, 2015.
[20] Mckenzie, Design of Structural Timber, London: Macmillan Press LTD, 2000.
[21] BS EN 408:2010+A1, Timber structures – structural timber and glued laminated timber – determination of some physical and mechanical properties, BSI, Milton Keynes, UK, 2012.
[22] BS EN 338, Structural timber – strength classes, BSI, Milton Keynes, UK, 2009.
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Open Access
Research article

Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach

Asad S. Albostami,
Zhangjian Wu,
Lee S. Cunningham
School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 5, Issue 6, 2017
|
Pages 834-846
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: 10-31-2017
View Full Article|Download PDF

Abstract:

Over the last few years, Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels have become increasingly popular in many structural applications. The growth in CLT uptake by the construction sector is likely to continue in line with the pressing need for sustainable construction. Although current design methods exist for CLT, often these have limits of applicability. In order to gain upmost efficiency, there is a need for improved analytical methods to fully determine the structural behaviour of CLT. In this article, CLT panels will be investigated as a novel application of the State Space Approach (SSA). As CLT is a laminated composite panel, the 3D analytical approach provided by the SSA is highly applicable. Comparison with existing experimental results for different CLT panels are explored for simply supported orthotropic CLT panels under different types of loading. The effect of the plate thickness on displacements and stresses is described quantitatively. The results demonstrate the capability of the SSA method to capture the nonlinear distribution of the stresses through the depth of the plates over a range of thicknesses, thus offering an improved understanding of CLT structural behaviour.

Keywords: Analytical Approach, Cross-Laminated Timber, Laminated Composite Panel, State Space Approach
Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the University of Petra, Jordan, to funding this research.

References
[1] Reddy, J.N., Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates and Shells: Theory and Analy-sis. CRC press, 2004.
[2] Sturzenbecher, R. & Hofstetter, K., Bending of cross-ply laminated composites: an accurate and efficient plate theory based upon models of lekhnitskii and ren. Composite Structures, 93(3), pp. 1078–1088, 2011.
[3] Hochreiner, G., Fussl, J. & Eberhardsteiner, J., Cross-laminated timber plates subjected to concentrated loading: experimental identification of failure mechanisms. Strain, 50(1), pp. 68–81, 2014.
[4] Sturzenbecher, R., Hofstetter, K. & Eberhardsteiner, J., Structural design of cross lami-nated timber (CLT) by advanced plate theories. Composites Science and Technology, 70(9), pp. 1368–1379, 2010.
[5] Vlasov, V., Method of initial functions in problems of theory of thick plates and shells. Proceedings of the ninth of the International Congresses on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Brussels, p. 321, 1957.
[6] Bahar, LY., A state space approach to elasticity. Journal of Franklin Institute, pp. 33–41, 1975.
[7] Wu, Z.J., Exact solution of orthotropic simply-supported rectangular plates under arbi-trary loadings. University of Hefei Technology: Hefei, China, 1987.
[8] Fan, J. & Ye, J., An exact solution for the statics and dynamics of laminated thick plates with orthotropic layers. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 26(7), pp. 655–662, 1990.
[9] Wu, ZJ. & Wardenier, J., Further investigation on the exact elasticity solution for aniso-tropic thick rectangular plates. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(7–8), pp. 747–758, 1998.
[10] Czaderski, C., Steiger, R., Howald, M., Olia, S., Gülzow, A. & Niemz, P., Versuche und Berechnungen an Allseitig Gelagerten 3-Schichtigen Brettsperrholzplatten. Holz als Roh - und Werkst, 65(5), pp. 383–402, 2007.
[11] O’Dowd, B., Cunningham, L.S. & Nedwell, P., Briefing : Experimental and theoretical bending stiffness of cross-laminated timber panels. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 169(6), pp. 277–281, 2016.
[12] FPInnovations. CLT Handbook Canadian Edition. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53, pp. 1689–1699, 2013.
[13] Sikora, K.S., McPolin, D.O. & Harte, A.M., Effects of the thickness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from irish sitka spruce on mechanical performance in bend-ing and shear. Construction and Building Materials, 116, pp. 141–150, 2016.
[14] Ren, J.G., Bending theory of laminated plate. Composites Science and Technology, 27(3), pp. 225–248, 1986.
[15] Pagano, N.J., Exact solutions for composite laminates in cylindrical bending. Compos-ite Materials, 3, pp. 398–411, 1987.
[17] Ye, J., Laminated Composite Plates and Shells, London: Springer London, 2003. [Crossref]
[18] Stauder, C., Cross-Laminated Timber: An Analysis of the Austrian Industry and Ideas for Fostering its Development in America, Austria, 2013.
[19] Albostami, A., Wu, Z. & Zou, Z., Precise determination of structural behaviour of com-posite plates. Proceeding of MACE PGR Conference, Manchester, pp. 21–23, 2015.
[20] Mckenzie, Design of Structural Timber, London: Macmillan Press LTD, 2000.
[21] BS EN 408:2010+A1, Timber structures – structural timber and glued laminated timber – determination of some physical and mechanical properties, BSI, Milton Keynes, UK, 2012.
[22] BS EN 338, Structural timber – strength classes, BSI, Milton Keynes, UK, 2009.
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Albostami, A. S., Wu, Z. J., & Cunningham, L. S. (2017). Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 5(6), 834-846. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846
A. S. Albostami, Z. J. Wu, and L. S. Cunningham, "Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 834-846, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846
@research-article{Albostami2017StructuralBO,
title={Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach},
author={Asad S. Albostami and Zhangjian Wu and Lee S. Cunningham},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2017},
page={834-846},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846}
}
Asad S. Albostami, et al. "Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 5, pp 834-846. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846
Asad S. Albostami, Zhangjian Wu and Lee S. Cunningham. "Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 5, (2017): 834-846. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846
Albostami A. S.， Wu Z.， Cunningham L. S.. Structural Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels by the State Space Approach[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2017， 5(6)： 834-846. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-834-846