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[1] Poljak, D., Electromagnetic fields: environmental exposure. Encyclopedia of Environ-mental Health, ed, J.O. Nriagu, Elsevier: Burlington, pp. 259–268, 2011. [Crossref]
[2] Hand, J.W., Modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53(16), pp. 243–286, 2008. [Crossref]
[3] Poljak, D., Čavka, D., Dodig, H., Peratta, C. & Peratta, A., On the use of boundary ele-ment analysis in bioelectromagnetics. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,(Special issue on Bioelectromagnetics), 49, pp. 2–14, 2014.
[4] Singh, K.D., Longan, N.S. & Gilmartin, B., Three dimensional modeling of the human eye based on magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 47, pp. 2272–2279, 2006. [Crossref]
[5] Hirata, A., Temperature increase in human eyes due to near-field and far-field exposures at 900 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 1.9 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compat-ibility, 47(1), pp. 68–76, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Poljak, D., Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, WIT Press: Southampton- Boston, 2003.
[7] Fujimoto, M., Hirata, A., Wang, J., Fujiwara, O. & Shiozawa, T., FDTD-derived corre-lation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in child and adult head models due to dipole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 48(1), pp. 240–247, 2006.
[8] Poljak, D., Dodig, H., Čavka, D. & Peratta, A., Some numerical methods of thermal dosimetry for applications in bioelectromagnetics. Proceedings of Heat Transfer 2012, Split, Croatia, pp. 271–280, 2012. [Crossref]
[9] Dodig, H., Lallechere, S., Bonnet, P., Poljak, D. & El Khamlichi Drissi, K., Stochas-tic sensitivity of the electromagnetic distributions inside a human eye modeled with a 3D hybrid BEM/FEM edge element method. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 49, pp. 48–62, 2014. [Crossref]
[10] Cvetković, M., Lallechere, S., El Khamlichi Drissi, K., Bonnet, P. & Poljak, D., Sto-chastic sensitivity in homogeneous electromagnetic-thermal model of human brain. Workshop on Uncertainty Modeling for ElectroMagnetic Applications UMEMA2015, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2015.
[11] Cvetković, M. & Poljak, D., An efficient integral equation based dosimetry model of the human brain. Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe 2014), Gothenburg, Sweden,2014, pp. 375–380, 2014. [Crossref]
[12] Cvetković, M., Poljak, D. & Hirata, A., The electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry for the homogeneous human brain model. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 63, pp. 61–73, 2016. [Crossref]
[13] Dodig, H., Poljak, D. & Peratta, A., Hybrid BEM/FEM edge element computation of the thermal rise in the 3D model of the human eye induced by high frequency EM waves. 2012 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, Split, pp. 1–5, 2012.
[14] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for limit-ing exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHZ). Health Physics, 74(4), pp. 494–522, 1998.
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJCMEM from 2025 Vol. 13, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation

d. poljak1,
h. dodig2,
m. cvetković1,
s. lallechere3,
k. el khamlichi drissi3,
p. bonnet3
1
University of Split, Split, Croatia
2
Marine Center for Electronics, Split, Croatia
3
Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 5, Issue 3, 2017
|
Pages 250-259
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
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Abstract:

The paper reviews the influence of the variability in the morphology and the tissue properties of the human brain and eye, respectively, exposed to high-frequency (HF) radiation. Deterministic-stochastic modeling enables one to estimate the effects of the parameter uncertainties on the maximum induced electric field and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Surface Integral Equation (SIE) scheme applied to the brain exposed to HF radiation and hybrid boundary element method (BEM)/finite element method (FEM) scheme used to handle the eye exposure to HF radiation are discussed.

Furthermore, a simple stochastic collocation (SC), through which the relevant parameter uncertainties are taken into account, is presented. The SC approach also provides the assessment of corresponding confidence intervals in the set of obtained numerical results. The expansion of statistical output in terms of the mean and variance over a polynomial basis (via SC approach) is shown to be robust and efficient method providing a satisfactory convergence rate. Some illustrative numerical results for the maximum induced field and SAR in the brain and eye, respectively, are given in the paper, as well.

Keywords: Boundary integral equations, Deterministic modeling, Human exposure to electromagnetic fields, Stochastic modeling

1. Introduction

2. Formulation: Deterministic and Stochastic Approach

3. Computational Examples

4. Concluding Remarks

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Poljak, D., Electromagnetic fields: environmental exposure. Encyclopedia of Environ-mental Health, ed, J.O. Nriagu, Elsevier: Burlington, pp. 259–268, 2011. [Crossref]
[2] Hand, J.W., Modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields (10 MHz–10 GHz) with the human body: methods and applications. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53(16), pp. 243–286, 2008. [Crossref]
[3] Poljak, D., Čavka, D., Dodig, H., Peratta, C. & Peratta, A., On the use of boundary ele-ment analysis in bioelectromagnetics. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,(Special issue on Bioelectromagnetics), 49, pp. 2–14, 2014.
[4] Singh, K.D., Longan, N.S. & Gilmartin, B., Three dimensional modeling of the human eye based on magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 47, pp. 2272–2279, 2006. [Crossref]
[5] Hirata, A., Temperature increase in human eyes due to near-field and far-field exposures at 900 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 1.9 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compat-ibility, 47(1), pp. 68–76, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Poljak, D., Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, WIT Press: Southampton- Boston, 2003.
[7] Fujimoto, M., Hirata, A., Wang, J., Fujiwara, O. & Shiozawa, T., FDTD-derived corre-lation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in child and adult head models due to dipole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 48(1), pp. 240–247, 2006.
[8] Poljak, D., Dodig, H., Čavka, D. & Peratta, A., Some numerical methods of thermal dosimetry for applications in bioelectromagnetics. Proceedings of Heat Transfer 2012, Split, Croatia, pp. 271–280, 2012. [Crossref]
[9] Dodig, H., Lallechere, S., Bonnet, P., Poljak, D. & El Khamlichi Drissi, K., Stochas-tic sensitivity of the electromagnetic distributions inside a human eye modeled with a 3D hybrid BEM/FEM edge element method. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 49, pp. 48–62, 2014. [Crossref]
[10] Cvetković, M., Lallechere, S., El Khamlichi Drissi, K., Bonnet, P. & Poljak, D., Sto-chastic sensitivity in homogeneous electromagnetic-thermal model of human brain. Workshop on Uncertainty Modeling for ElectroMagnetic Applications UMEMA2015, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2015.
[11] Cvetković, M. & Poljak, D., An efficient integral equation based dosimetry model of the human brain. Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe 2014), Gothenburg, Sweden,2014, pp. 375–380, 2014. [Crossref]
[12] Cvetković, M., Poljak, D. & Hirata, A., The electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry for the homogeneous human brain model. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 63, pp. 61–73, 2016. [Crossref]
[13] Dodig, H., Poljak, D. & Peratta, A., Hybrid BEM/FEM edge element computation of the thermal rise in the 3D model of the human eye induced by high frequency EM waves. 2012 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, Split, pp. 1–5, 2012.
[14] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Guidelines for limit-ing exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHZ). Health Physics, 74(4), pp. 494–522, 1998.
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Poljak, D., Dodig, H., Cvetković, M., Lallechere, S., Drissi, K. E. K., & Bonnet, P. (2017). Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 5(3), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259
D. Poljak, H. Dodig, M. Cvetković, S. Lallechere, K. E. K. Drissi, and P. Bonnet, "Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 250-259, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259
@research-article{Poljak2017Deterministic-StochasticBE,
title={Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation},
author={D. Poljak and H. Dodig and M. Cvetković and S. Lallechere and K. El Khamlichi Drissi and P. Bonnet},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2017},
page={250-259},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259}
}
D. Poljak, et al. "Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 5, pp 250-259. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259
D. Poljak, H. Dodig, M. Cvetković, S. Lallechere, K. El Khamlichi Drissi and P. Bonnet. "Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 5, (2017): 250-259. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259
POLJAK D， DODIG H， CVETKOVIĆ M， et al. Deterministic-Stochastic Boundary Element Modeling of the Brain and Eye Exposed to High-Frequency Radiation[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2017， 5(3)： 250-259. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N3-250-259