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[1] Tomblin, J.S., Raju, K.S., Liew, J. & Smith, B.L., Impact damage characterization and damage tolerance of composite sandwich airframe structures. Final Report, Federal aviation administration report number DOT/FAA/AR-00/44, 2001.
[2] Manes, A., Gilioli, A., Sbarufatti, C. & Giglio, M., Experimental and numerical investigations of low velocity impact on sandwich panels. Composite Structures, 99, pp. 8–18, 2013. [Crossref]
[3] Menna, C., Zinno, A., Asprone, D. & Prota, A., Numerical assessment of the impact behaviour of honeycomb sandwich structures. Composite Structures, 106, pp. 326–339, 2013. [Crossref]
[4] Castanie, B., Bouvet, C., Aminanda, Y., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet, P., Modelling of lowenergy/low-velocity impact on Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures with metallic skins. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35, pp. 620–634, 2008. [Crossref]
[5] Aktay, L., Johnson, A.F. & Holzapfel, M., Prediction of impact damage on sandwich composite panels. Computational Materials Science, 32, pp. 252–260, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Aktay, L., Johnson, A.F. & Kroplin, B.-H., Numerical modeling of honeycomb core crush behaviour. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75, pp. 2616–2630, 2008. [Crossref]
[7] Heimbs, S., Virtual testing of sandwich core structures using dynamic finite element simulations. Computational Materials Science, 45, pp. 205–216, 2009. [Crossref]
[8] Giglio, M., Manes, A. & Gilioli, A., Investigations on sandwich core properties through an experimental-numerical approach. Composites: Part B, 43, pp. 361–374, 2012. [Crossref]
[9] Yamashita, M. & Gotoh, M., Impact behaviour of honeycomb structures with various cell specifications – numerical simulation and experiment. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32, pp. 618–630, 2005. [Crossref]
[10] Aminanda, Y., Castanie, B., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet P., Experimental analysis and modelling of the crushing of honeycomb cores. Applied Composite Materials, 12, pp. 213–227, 2005. [Crossref]
[11] Lacy, T.E. & Hwang, Y., Numerical modeling of impact-damaged sandwich composites subjected to compression-after-impact loading. Composite Structures, 61, pp. 115–128, 2003. [Crossref]
[12] Aminanda, Y., Castanie, B., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet P., Experimental and numerical study of compression after impact of sandwich structures with metallic skins. Composites Science and Technology, 69, pp. 50–59, 2009. [Crossref]
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Acadlore takes over the publication of IJCMEM from 2025 Vol. 13, No. 3. The preceding volumes were published under a CC BY 4.0 license by the previous owner, and displayed here as agreed between Acadlore and the previous owner. ✯ : This issue/volume is not published by Acadlore.

Open Access
Research article

Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels

D. Wowk1,
C. Marsden2
1
The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Canada
2
Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
|
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2016
|
Pages 336-344
Received: N/A,
Revised: N/A,
Accepted: N/A,
Available online: N/A
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Abstract:

Sandwich panels are commonly used for aerospace structures that require a high-bending stiffness, but the thin facesheets that are bonded to the core can be susceptible to impact damage. It is necessary to be able to identify and assess the severity of the damage, but this can be difficult when dents are not visible on the surface of the skin. This can occur when the dent elastically springs back immediately after impact, and can cause the skin to return close to its original position, leaving little indication that a damaged core exists. Identifying combinations of skin thickness and core density that are more susceptible to spring back can enable better decisions to be made with respect to inspection procedures. Finite element simulations of metal-skinned honeycomb panels indicate that more spring back is expected to occur from panels composed of thicker skins and lower density core.

Keywords: Core crush, Finite element analysis, Honeycomb, Impact simulation, Residual dent, Sandwich panel, Spring back
Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1] Tomblin, J.S., Raju, K.S., Liew, J. & Smith, B.L., Impact damage characterization and damage tolerance of composite sandwich airframe structures. Final Report, Federal aviation administration report number DOT/FAA/AR-00/44, 2001.
[2] Manes, A., Gilioli, A., Sbarufatti, C. & Giglio, M., Experimental and numerical investigations of low velocity impact on sandwich panels. Composite Structures, 99, pp. 8–18, 2013. [Crossref]
[3] Menna, C., Zinno, A., Asprone, D. & Prota, A., Numerical assessment of the impact behaviour of honeycomb sandwich structures. Composite Structures, 106, pp. 326–339, 2013. [Crossref]
[4] Castanie, B., Bouvet, C., Aminanda, Y., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet, P., Modelling of lowenergy/low-velocity impact on Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures with metallic skins. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35, pp. 620–634, 2008. [Crossref]
[5] Aktay, L., Johnson, A.F. & Holzapfel, M., Prediction of impact damage on sandwich composite panels. Computational Materials Science, 32, pp. 252–260, 2005. [Crossref]
[6] Aktay, L., Johnson, A.F. & Kroplin, B.-H., Numerical modeling of honeycomb core crush behaviour. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75, pp. 2616–2630, 2008. [Crossref]
[7] Heimbs, S., Virtual testing of sandwich core structures using dynamic finite element simulations. Computational Materials Science, 45, pp. 205–216, 2009. [Crossref]
[8] Giglio, M., Manes, A. & Gilioli, A., Investigations on sandwich core properties through an experimental-numerical approach. Composites: Part B, 43, pp. 361–374, 2012. [Crossref]
[9] Yamashita, M. & Gotoh, M., Impact behaviour of honeycomb structures with various cell specifications – numerical simulation and experiment. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32, pp. 618–630, 2005. [Crossref]
[10] Aminanda, Y., Castanie, B., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet P., Experimental analysis and modelling of the crushing of honeycomb cores. Applied Composite Materials, 12, pp. 213–227, 2005. [Crossref]
[11] Lacy, T.E. & Hwang, Y., Numerical modeling of impact-damaged sandwich composites subjected to compression-after-impact loading. Composite Structures, 61, pp. 115–128, 2003. [Crossref]
[12] Aminanda, Y., Castanie, B., Barrau, J.-J. & Thevenet P., Experimental and numerical study of compression after impact of sandwich structures with metallic skins. Composites Science and Technology, 69, pp. 50–59, 2009. [Crossref]
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Wowk, D. & Marsden, C. (2016). Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels. Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., 4(3), 336-344. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344
D. Wowk and C. Marsden, "Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels," Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 336-344, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344
@research-article{Wowk2016EffectsOS,
title={Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels},
author={D. Wowk and C. Marsden},
journal={International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements},
year={2016},
page={336-344},
doi={https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344}
}
D. Wowk, et al. "Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, v 4, pp 336-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344
D. Wowk and C. Marsden. "Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels." International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, 4, (2016): 336-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344
WOWK D， MARSDEN C. Effects of Skin Thickness and Core Density on the Residual Dent Depth in Aerospace Sandwich Panels[J]. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements， 2016， 4(3)： 336-344. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V4-N3-336-344