Journal of Sustainability for Energy

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Water Desalination for Underground Shelters: A Comprehensive Literature Review

abdelrahman ashraf kandel — 09-29-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Multi-Criteria Selection of Chitosan-Derived Biodegradable Polymer Composites for Sustainable Energy-Storage Applications

chintaharan majumder — 09-29-2025

The goal of the present work is to evaluate and select the optimum chitosan-based biodegradable biopolymer composite for energy storage devices for sustainable planning. In this study, “sustainable planning” is specifically addressed at the material selection stage, focusing on the identification of biodegradable and environmentally benign polymer composites that reduce long-term ecological impact and electronic waste generation. The proposed model therefore supports early-stage sustainable design decisions without requiring a full life-cycle assessment. To assess the options—pure chitosan and chitosan modified with different weight percent (10%, 20% and 30%) of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; the study offers an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach called TOPSIS. The entropy approach is used to overcome the impreciseness of eliciting judgments in the preferences of criteria since information pertaining to material attributes is always imprecise. The best sources are then chosen using the TOPSIS approach. According to the results, alternating current (AC) conductivity (40 Hz) is the most important criterion, and chitosan–2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (CPCA) 20 is the best option with the greatest score value. The robustness of the proposed methodology is further demonstrated by sensitivity analysis.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages undefined: An Evaluation of Peak Power Requirements for Full Road Transport Electrification in Relation to European Electricity System Loads

luca piancastelli — 09-13-2025

This study examines the implications of replacing the Italian vehicle fleet with electric vehicles powered exclusively through fast and slow charging. The purpose is to quantify the additional electrical energy and peak charging power required, and to assess their compatibility with the present characteristics of major European electricity systems. The methodology combines national mobility statistics, estimated charging demand profiles, and empirical scaling factors derived from refuelling infrastructure to determine both annual energy requirements and instantaneous power needs. The analysis indicates that full fleet electrification for night-only charging would increase national electricity consumption by approximately 40–50%, a substantial yet potentially manageable rise in annual energy consumption. By contrast, the charging power needed to support large-scale fast charging reaches values close to 280 gigawatts, far exceeding the peak loads currently managed by existing transmission networks. This peak requirement is nearly five times higher than the present Italian maximum demand and surpasses, by large margins, the peak values recorded in comparable European systems. The results indicate that the principal challenge of transport electrification lies in accommodating extremely concentrated power demand within limited temporal windows. The conclusions emphasize the need for substantial upgrades to transmission and distribution networks, complemented by the widespread adoption of controlled slow charging and demand-shifting strategies that can help reduce peak loads. These findings suggest that the feasibility of large-scale vehicle electrification hinges critically on managing instantaneous power rather than total energy, underscoring the importance of coordinating infrastructure planning, regulatory frameworks, and charging behavior to ensure that electric mobility can be integrated into existing power systems without compromising stability or reliability.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Multi-Scale Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Based on Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise and Hybrid Neural Network

qiming yang — 07-17-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Balancing Efficiency and Environmental Impact in Sustainable Energy Project Governance

enoch i. obanor — 06-29-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Techno-Economic Analysis of a 10 MW Floating Solar Photovoltaic System on Ranu Grati Lake: A HOMER Simulation Study

rama pujangga — 06-29-2025

The techno-economic performance of a 10 MW floating photovoltaic (FPV) system on Lake Ranu Grati has been evaluated using HOMER Pro simulations, incorporating a representative medium-voltage load profile to assess feasibility under realistic operational conditions. The system is projected to generate approximately 15.35 GWh of electricity annually, with a capacity factor of 17.5%, demonstrating stable output under tropical irradiance patterns. The majority of the FPV-generated electricity is expected to supply local medium-voltage loads, while surplus energy will be exported to the national grid, resulting in a renewable energy share of approximately 80% throughout the year. Economic analysis indicates a Net Present Cost (NPC) of USD 12.9 million and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of USD 0.053/kWh, both of which are competitive compared to the prevailing industrial electricity tariffs in Indonesia. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is calculated at 9.2%, with an estimated payback period of approximately 10 years. Environmentally, the FPV system is projected to reduce CO₂ emissions by around 11,000 tonnes per year, while simultaneously preserving land resources and enhancing the utilization of water surfaces. Overall, the Ranu Grati FPV project demonstrates strong technical performance, economic feasibility, and significant environmental benefits, making it a promising solution for Indonesia’s transition towards sustainable energy.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Utilisation of Agricultural and Food Waste for Biofuel Production: A Pathway to Sustainable Energy Transition

fatima aparecida de morais lino — 06-29-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Future Mitigation of the Residential Building Heat Load Using the Pergolas and Deciduous Climber

aleksandar nešović — 06-17-2025

This paper critically examines the possibilities of combining pergolas and V. Coignetiae as energy-efficient, bioclimatic, green architecture and passive solar systems in the single-family building located in a moderate continental climate zone, i.e. Kragujevac (Serbia). More precisely, the impact of facade wall (without transparent elements) orientation with and without the mentioned measures (elements) on the electricity consumption for space cooling from 1 April to 31 October is investigated. The initial building model was developed using Google SketchUp software and following the Serbian Rulebook on Energy Efficiency for New Buildings. The thermo-technical systems and occupancy were simulated with EnergyPlus software. Based on the simulations conducted and the results obtained, the following main conclusions can be drawn: (1) Moderate continental climate is suitable for implementing the proposed concept; (2) Electricity consumption for space cooling, in the single-family building without energy-efficient, bioclimatic, green architecture and passive solar systems, is the highest when the facade wall (without transparent elements) is oriented to the North (827.25 kWh); and (3) Pergolas and adopted deciduous climber, placed in front of the facade wall (without transparent elements), reduce the electricity consumption for space cooling the most in the case of an Eastern orientation (363.7 kWh).

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Liquefied Natural Gas as a Sustainable Energy Carrier for Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Potential, Challenges, and Policy Implications

rit prasad dhar — 05-15-2025

The ongoing depletion of conventional fossil fuel reserves, coupled with escalating environmental concerns and the volatility of global oil markets, has intensified the search for cleaner and more sustainable energy alternatives for transportation. Among various low-emission fuels—such as biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)—Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has emerged as a particularly viable option for Medium- and Heavy- Duty Vehicles (M&HDVs). LNG offers several advantages, including higher volumetric energy density, reduced tailpipe emissions, and compatibility with high-efficiency engine technologies. Its adoption is of strategic relevance to countries such as India, where transportation remains one of the largest contributors to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and is predominantly dependent on imported crude oil. The utilisation of LNG in M&HDVs has been identified as a means to simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and enhance national energy security. In this context, a comprehensive assessment is presented, encompassing LNG production pathways, distribution logistics, cryogenic storage technologies, and economic feasibility, as well as supportive government policies and international best practices. Key challenges, such as Boil-off gas (BOG) management, refuelling infrastructure gaps, cost parity with diesel, and engine retrofitting, have also been critically evaluated. Particular attention has been given to recent technological advancements and their potential to improve lifecycle emissions performance and cost-effectiveness. It is suggested that the integration of LNG into national energy and transportation strategies may yield substantial environmental and economic benefits, especially when supported by policy instruments, public–private investment models, and standardised regulatory frameworks. The findings indicate that LNG is poised to play a pivotal role in the decarbonisation of the freight and commercial transport sector, both in India and globally, thereby contributing to long-term sustainability objectives.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Water Distribution Uniformity Analysis in Low-Pressure Irrigation Manifolds Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

leila riahinezhad — 03-30-2025

Efficient water management in agriculture increasingly depends on the ability to deliver uniform irrigation while minimizing energy consumption. Low-pressure irrigation systems have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional high-pressure networks, offering significant potential for small-scale and greenhouse applications. This study investigates the hydraulic and energy performance of low-pressure irrigation manifolds through a combined Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and performance assessment framework. The computational model simulates steady-state, incompressible flow within manifolds of two diameters (12 mm and 25 mm) and two emitter configurations (6 and 12 outlets), under inlet pressures of 50 kPa and 100 kPa. Detailed flow fields were analyzed in terms of pressure distribution, velocity contours, helicity, and wall shear stress, while outlet pressures and mass flow rates were used to evaluate distribution uniformity (DU). Mesh independence tests ensured numerical reliability, and hydraulic performance was quantified using standard indices such as the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CU). The results demonstrate a consistent pressure and discharge decline from the inlet to the downstream outlets, with localized hotspots of velocity, shear, and rotational flow near emitter junctions. The manifolds with smaller diameters and higher inlet pressures led to greater non-uniformity (CV up to 14.8%, CU $\approx$ 87%), while the manifolds with larger diameters significantly improved uniformity (CV < 6%, CU > 95%) at lower inlet pressures. Energy analysis showed a strong link between hydraulic performance and pumping demand: designs with better uniformity required significantly less energy, with total pumping energy dropping from 4470 kWh in the least efficient case to just 1072 kWh in the optimal one. These findings highlight that manifold diameter, emitter spacing, and operating pressure are critical determinants of system efficiency. Optimized designs featuring larger diameters and moderate pressures offer a dual benefit of enhanced water-use efficiency and reduced energy consumption. The results provide actionable guidelines for the design of sustainable low-pressure irrigation systems, particularly in small-scale and greenhouse applications, where uniform distribution and energy savings are essential.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Integration of Solar and Wind Energy into Public Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: A Comprehensive Review of Technological Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

mochamad choifin — 03-30-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Performance Evaluation of a Locally Assembled Split-Unit Air Conditioning System Using Indigenous Components for Residential Cooling Efficiency

aniekan essienubong ikpe — 03-02-2025

The growing reliance on air conditioning (AC) systems in residential and commercial buildings has led to significant increases in energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the need for cost-effective and sustainable cooling technologies. In this study, the feasibility and performance of a 1-horsepower (1 HP) non-inverter split-unit AC system assembled entirely from locally sourced components were evaluated under controlled residential conditions. Essential parts, including copper tubing, aluminum fins, compressor units, and refrigerant gases, were procured from regional suppliers and integrated following standard Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) design protocols. Performance tests were conducted across five rooms in a residential apartment-comprising a lounge (largest), masters bedroom, and three additional bedrooms of decreasing size-to assess cooling effectiveness. Using an infrared thermometer (IR8895), temperature metrics including saturation temperature, cooling rate, and peak cooling temperature were recorded. Initial room temperatures ranged from 23.5${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to 26.2${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, while final cooling temperatures ranged from 16.1${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to 16.9${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Cooling time increased progressively with room size, extending from 10 to 100 minutes. Corresponding saturation temperatures were observed at 24.9${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to 26.6${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, with saturation times between 3.24 and 5.43 minutes, and peak temperatures consistent with the final cooling levels. Calculated cooling loads were 28.8 W (small rooms), 47.0 W (medium rooms), and 65.93 W (large rooms), with respective power consumption values of 85.5 W, 142.6 W, and 199.6 W. The Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) and Coefficient of Performance (COP) were determined to be 9.25 and 2.7, respectively, across room types. The results indicated that the locally assembled split-unit AC system delivered competitive cooling performance relative to commercial equivalents, particularly in terms of thermal regulation, response time, and energy efficiency. The use of indigenous materials and components did not compromise operational reliability or compliance with HVAC standards. These findings support the viability of locally fabricated AC systems as a sustainable alternative for effective residential cooling in resource-constrained settings.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Stakeholder Dynamics in the Distribution of Subsidized Fuel for Fishermen in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia: Challenges and Strategic Implications

rostuti lusiwati sitanggang — 02-17-2025

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Transition for Low-Emission Operation in Stationary Genset Engines

debjyoti bandyopadhyay — 01-30-2025

The degradation of ambient air quality in urban regions of India has been exacerbated by the expansion of automobile fleets and stationary engines. In response, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), under directives from the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and the National Green Tribunal (NGT), has implemented stricter emission norms, including CPCB IV+ standards for power generators. Concurrently, the escalating costs of diesel gensets, driven by the integration of advanced air-fuel systems and emissions control technologies, have necessitated the exploration of alternative fuels. Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG), a blend of hydrogen and natural gas, has emerged as a promising solution for achieving low emissions while maintaining power performance. This study evaluates the application of an 18% HCNG blend in a genset engine initially compliant with CPCB II standards, achieving compliance with CPCB IV+ emission norms without requiring hardware modifications. Key calibration parameters, including injection timing, ignition timing, injection duration, and desired lambda, were optimized to ensure enhanced performance and emissions control. The in-cylinder combustion characteristics, including combustion pressure, temperature, rate of heat release (RoHR), and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), were thoroughly analysed for both Piped Natural Gas (PNG) and the HCNG blend. The results indicate that the HCNG blend significantly reduces emissions, with reductions of 66% in carbon monoxide (CO) and 74% in methane (CH₄) compared to PNG. These findings underscore the potential of HCNG to serve as a transitional fuel, bridging the gap towards the adoption of pure hydrogen technologies. This study demonstrates that HCNG can achieve substantial reductions in regulated emissions while supporting cleaner and more sustainable energy systems, positioning it as a viable alternative for stationary power generation applications.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Integration of Groundwater Storage and Heat Pumps in Second-Generation District Heating Systems

martina capone — 12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Towards the Implementation of Renewable Energy Communities in Various Application Fields in Italy

elisa marrasso — 12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: An Italian Geoportal for Renewable Energy Communities

guglielmina mutani — 12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Fundamental Challenges in the Implementation of Positive Energy Districts: Definitions, Design, Technologies, and Sustainability

emilio sessa — 12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: ENEA’s Approach and Technologies for the Development of Smart Energy Communities in Italy

gilda massa — 12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Special Issue: Renewable Energy Communities and Thermal Energy Storage for Sustainable Energy Transition

alessandro franco — 12-29-2024

12-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Microbial Fuel Cells: Advancements, Challenges, and Applications in Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation

surajit mondal — 09-29-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Statistical Analysis of Wind Speed Characteristics Using the Weibull Distribution at Selected African Stations

francis olatunbosun aweda — 09-19-2024

The Weibull distribution (WD) is widely recognized as an effective statistical tool for characterizing wind speed (WS) variability. This study investigates the applicability of the WD to analyze WS data from a selection of African stations, with data spanning from 2000 to 2023, obtained from the Power Data archive in comma- separated values (CSV) format. The analysis aimed to assess the distribution's ability to represent the variations in WS across different regions in Africa. The results reveal significant spatial variability in the Weibull parameters across the selected stations. wind direction patterns were analyzed, with the highest frequency recorded from the east-north-east (ENE) direction, reaching a value of approximately 400 at certain locations. The lowest wind direction frequencies were observed in Abuja, where the predominant directions were north-northwest (NNW) and north (N). The probability distribution of WS demonstrated a considerable range, with Abuja exhibiting the highest values (exceeding 0.5), while Tunis recorded the lowest values (approximately 0.2). The mean WS for each location varied over the year, with Nairobi experiencing the highest recorded mean WS in October (5.72 m/s), accompanied by a standard deviation of 1.22 m/s. In contrast, the lowest mean WS was observed in Luanda during September (1.72 m/s), with a standard deviation of 0.46 m/s. The maximum and minimum wind power density (PDw) recorded across the selected station are ($>100 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^2$) and ($>18 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^2$). These findings highlight the considerable potential for wind energy across Africa, emphasizing the importance of incorporating wind energy into the region's renewable energy strategy. The results underscore the need for region-specific energy policies and further research to optimize the utilization of wind resources for sustainable development in Africa.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Prediction and Assessment of Solar Radiation Intensity Shade Projection in Jayapura City, Indonesia: Optimisation of Solar Energy Utilisation

usman tahir — 09-10-2024

Jayapura City, Indonesia, presents significant potential for solar energy utilisation, driven by its high solar radiation levels. However, the presence of urban obstacles, such as buildings, trees, and varied topography, can obstruct the direct transmission of solar radiation to the ground, thereby reducing its efficiency for solar energy systems. This study aims to develop a methodology for predicting and assessing the shade projection of solar radiation intensity across Jayapura City. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving the measurement of elevation and azimuth angles using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Data were analysed using RETScreen and Sun Locator Pro (SLP) software. The analysis of the collected data facilitated the generation of a detailed shade projection map, which can be utilised to optimise the placement of solar panels and enhance the performance of the city's Solar Power Generation System (SPGS). The findings indicated that the highest elevation angle occurred at 12:00 pm in March. In September, the sun's position was nearly directly above the equator, leading to a minimal shadow ratio (SR = 0.08), with the projection closely aligned with the object. The azimuth angle, measured at noon, exhibited an extreme angular shift, reflecting the standard reference towards the north (180° at noon). This study demonstrates the potential of this methodology to inform the strategic placement of solar infrastructure, improving the efficiency and efficacy of solar power systems in urban environments characterised by complex topographies.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Enhancing Energy Performance and Reducing Consumption at the University of Basilicata: A Strategic Approach Towards Compliance with the 2050 Energy Roadmap

valeria selicati — 09-04-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Enhancing Charge Transport and Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells via Integration with Porous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks

muhammad abid — 08-08-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Enhancing the Efficiency of Air Conditioning Systems in High-Temperature Climates Through Direct Evaporative Cooling

jaafar saleem — 06-27-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer via Water-Based Nanofluids and Multi-Finned Surface Geometries

hamzah hadi fadhl — 06-06-2024

In the realm of heat transfer, the phenomenon of boiling heat transfer is paramount, especially given its efficiency in harnessing the latent heat of vaporization for significant thermal energy removal with minimal temperature alterations. This mechanism is integral to various industrial applications, including but not limited to the cooling systems of nuclear reactors, macro- and micro-electronic devices, evaporators in refrigeration systems, and boiler tubes within power plants, where the nucleate pool boiling regime and two-phase flow are prevalent. The imperative to optimize heat exchange systems by mitigating excessive heat dissipation, whilst simultaneously achieving downsizing, has consistently been a critical consideration. This research uses computational, based on Fluent software, to analyze thermal characteristics and cooling mechanisms of different concentrations of nanofluids, in conjunction with surfaces adorned with diverse fin geometries. Specifically, the study scrutinizes the thermal performance of water-based nanofluids, incorporating Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 0% to 1.4% by volume, under boiling conditions. The analyses extend to the efficacy of different fin shapes—including circular, triangular, and square configurations-within a two-dimensional geometry, under the conditions of forced convection heat transfer in both steady and transient, viscous, incompressible flows. The findings are poised to contribute to the design of more efficient heat exchange systems, facilitating enhanced heat dissipation through the strategic use of nanofluids and meticulously designed surface geometries.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Assessment of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System Incorporating Wind, Solar, and Storage Technologies in Makkovik, Newfoundland and Labrador

afreen maliat — 06-05-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: The Dynamics of R&D Expenditure, Renewable Electricity Production, and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Norway and Brazil

bahman huseynli — 05-28-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Design and Economic Analysis of a Solar-Powered Charging Station for Personal Electric Vehicles in Indonesia

singgih d. prasetyo — 05-23-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Improvement the Preparation of C4 Oolefin Through Ethanol Coupling and Optimization the Gray Correlation Degree Algorithm

pengyuan li — 03-29-2024

C4 olefin is an important chemical raw material, but traditional production methods use limited and polluting fossil energy as raw materials. Ethanol stands out from many alternative energy sources because of its wide sources, easy conversion, and low pollution. The preparation of C4 olefins from ethanol has become an effective alternative route for olefin production, which has great environmental and economic value. Metal oxides are the main catalysts for the preparation of C4 olefins from ethanol. In this paper, a $\mathrm{SiO}_2$-$\mathrm{HAP}$ catalyst with both acid and base active sites was designed, and Co metal with dehydrogenation activity was supported on its surface. To improve the catalytic activity and improve the conversion of ethanol and the selectivity of C4 olefin, experiments were carried out by changing the process parameters such as $\mathrm{Co}$ loading (weight ratio of $\mathrm{Co}$ to $\mathrm{SiO}_2$), HAP (hydroxyapatite) mass, ethanol concentration, and reaction temperature. The improved gray relational degree algorithm was used to analyze the relational degree of process parameters with ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy of this algorithm for C4 olefin selectivity is better than that of the traditional algorithm without considering the difference in change rate between data, the detection accuracy is improved by 50%, and the detection accuracy of ethanol conversion is improved by 2%.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Analyzing the Impact of Solar Irradiance on a 50W Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Panel's Performance

hariyanto hariyanto — 03-25-2024

Solar energy, a ubiquitous and environmentally friendly source, plays a pivotal role in mitigating carbon emissions and reducing air pollution. This study evaluates the performance of a 50-watt monocrystalline solar panel over a thirty-day period in October 2022, within Merauke Regency, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Adopting an experimental research methodology and comprehensive data collection, measurements of solar intensity, temperature, voltage, and current were systematically gathered using temperature sensors, ammeters, and voltmeters. These measurements were obtained by positioning the solar panel at a perpendicular angle to direct sunlight, with data recorded between 9:00 and 16:00 Eastern Indonesia Time. The analysis of the collected data was conducted to ascertain the panel's efficacy, revealing an average output of 20.68 volts, 1.95 amperes, 40.37 watts, and a 9% efficiency. Notably, peak performance was observed on the tenth day, characterized by 21.30 volts, 2.24 amperes, 47.71 watts, and an efficiency of 11.01%. The findings of this investigation are anticipated to inform the installation and utilization strategies of similar solar panel types within Merauke Regency and potentially broader applications. This study underscores the critical influence of solar irradiance on the operational performance of monocrystalline silicon solar panels, contributing valuable insights to the field of renewable energy research.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Through Micro-Finned Surfaces and $\mathbf{\mathrm{Al}_2}\mathbf{\mathrm{O}_3}$-Water Nanofluids: A Numerical Study

hamzah hadi fadhl — 03-21-2024

Among the various heat transfer mechanisms, boiling heat transfer is distinguished by its capacity to dissipate substantial heat via the latent heat of vaporization with minimal temperature differentials. This phenomenon is pivotal across a range of industrial applications, including the cooling of macro- and micro-electronic devices, boiler tubes in power generation plants, evaporators in refrigeration systems, and nuclear reactors, where the nucleate pool boiling regime and two-phase flow are of particular interest. The drive to enhance heat exchange systems' efficiency has consistently focused on minimizing heat loss through system miniaturization. This investigation employs numerical simulations via the Fluent software to elucidate the heat transfer and cooling processes facilitated by nanofluids with varied concentrations on differently shaped finned surfaces, alongside the utilization of water and ethylene glycol as base fluids. Specifically, the thermal performance of $\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$-water nanofluids at different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 percent by volume) was scrutinized under boiling conditions across surfaces endowed with circular, triangular, and square fins. The study confirmed that the incorporation of $\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ nanoparticles into the water base fluid not only enhances its thermal conductivity but, in conjunction with micro-finned surfaces, also augments the available surface area, thereby improving wettability. These modifications collectively contribute to a marked increase in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and a reduction in the critical heat flux (CHF). Furthermore, it was observed that at a 0.3% volume concentration of $\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$ with square fins, the temperature span extends from 373.1 to 383.1 K. Nonetheless, the long-term stability and efficacy of nanofluids are subject to potential impacts from nanoparticle aggregation and sedimentation. This study underlines the synergistic effect of nanoparticle-enhanced fluids and micro-finned surface architectures in bolstering pool boiling heat transfer, signifying a promising avenue for thermal management advancements in various industrial domains.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung Oil: Kinetic Analysis of Transesterification via Electromagnetic Induction Heating

sri kurniati — 03-20-2024

In the quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuels, Calophyllum inophyllum L., commonly known as Nyamplung, presents a promising feedstock due to its high oil content (75%) and a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (approximately 71%). Notably, the oil extracted from this species exhibits higher viscosity and reduced capillarity compared to conventional kerosene, posing unique challenges for biodiesel conversion. This study explores the efficacy of electromagnetic induction heating as a novel transesterification method to produce biodiesel from Nyamplung oil. The process was optimized across a range of temperatures (45-65°C), reaction times (0.43-1.03 minutes), methanol to oil molar ratios (6:1), and a catalyst concentration of KOH at 2% of the total weight of oil and methanol. The conversion of Nyamplung oil into biodiesel was primarily assessed through the formation of methyl esters, with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) employed for analytical verification. A comprehensive kinetic analysis revealed a transesterification reaction rate constant of rT=6.46×10¹⁴e^{(-1,068.93/RT)}[ME], indicating an activation energy requirement of 1,068 kJ/mol at the operational peak temperature of 65°C. This activation energy is notably lower than that observed with microwave heating, suggesting electromagnetic induction as a more efficient heating mechanism for this reaction. The findings underscore the potential of electromagnetic induction heating in enhancing the conversion efficiency of high-viscosity feedstocks like Nyamplung oil into biodiesel, offering a promising avenue for the production of renewable energy sources. The detailed evaluation of reaction kinetics and activation energies within this study not only contributes to the optimization of biodiesel production processes but also reinforces the viability of Calophyllum inophyllum L. as a sustainable biofuel precursor.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Sustainable Energy Management

swapandeep kaur — 02-03-2024

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Advances in Laser-Clad, Particle-Reinforced Wear-Resistant Coatings: Enhancing Durability Through Material Innovation

xinsheng wang — 12-30-2023

The quest for superior wear-resistant coatings has led to significant advancements in laser cladding technology, yet the escalating requirements for durability under operational conditions challenge the efficacy of existing solutions. This investigation delves into the enhancement of wear resistance in coatings through the integration of particle reinforcement phases, identified as a cost-effective strategy for augmenting coating performance. Emphasis is placed on the systematic classification of particle reinforcements and the methodologies employed for their incorporation. The focus is particularly cast on the incorporation of hard and self-lubricating particles into laser-clad wear-resistant coatings, highlighting innovations in particle addition techniques. An examination of the mechanisms through which hard particles—comprising oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, and their multifaceted compounds—reinforce coatings is presented, delineating the influence of particle content, size, and morphology on wear resistance. Additionally, the paper explores the state of research on the self-lubricating properties imparted by sulfides, fluorides, graphite, and MAX phase particles under varied thermal conditions. A critical analysis of the benefits and limitations associated with the use of hard and self-lubricating particles in the enhancement of coating durability is conducted. This comprehensive review serves not only to elucidate the current landscape of particle-reinforced, laser-clad coatings but also to inform future research directions aimed at developing coatings capable of withstanding high temperatures and exhibiting exceptional hardness. The commitment to leveraging in situ synthesis for the development of these advanced materials underscores the potential for significant breakthroughs in the field of wear-resistant coatings.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Enhancing Heat Transfer in Heating Pipes with $\mathrm{\textbf{Fe}}_\textbf{3} \mathrm{\textbf{O}}_\textbf{4}$ Nanofluid under Magnetic Fields: A Numerical Study

asaad abdulnabi lazim — 12-30-2023

In this investigation, the enhancement of heat transfer in pipes facilitated by Fe₃O₄-distilled water nanofluid under the influence of magnetic fields is comprehensively studied. The research primarily focuses on examining the alterations in the thermal boundary layer and fluid flow patterns caused by the application of magnetic fields. It is observed that magnetic fields induce the formation of vortexes, thereby actively influencing the flow patterns within the fluid. These vortexes play a pivotal role in promoting thermal diffusion, resulting in an improved heat transfer rate. The core aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the impact of magnetic nanofluids on the coefficient of heat transfer. A model tube, possessing an inner diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 210 mm, serves as the basis for the simulations. The investigation encompasses a range of inlet velocities (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 m/s) and exit pressures to analyze the magnetic field's effect on heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Magnetic flux intensities of one, two, and three Tesla are employed. Notably, the highest temperature of 349 K is recorded in the presence of three magnets, indicating an escalation in temperature with an increase in magnetic strength. However, a diminishing temperature rise is noted over a specified distance with additional magnets. For instance, at a distance of 100 mm, the temperature peaks at 340 K with one magnet, whereas with two magnets, this temperature is attained at a mere 50 mm, suggesting enhanced magnetizer efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of a magnetic field at the tube's center reveals that high flow velocities tend to counteract the magnetic influence due to their superior force, which impedes the incorporation of metal particles into the fluid. As the magnetic flux value escalates, the nanofluid's magnetic particles either congregate or disperse, thereby obstructing flow and intensifying channel vortices. This phenomenon results in heightened turbulence, instigated by the magnets, which in turn precipitates a rapid increase in fluid flow velocity, thereby impeding the fluid's capacity to adequately absorb heat for efficient heating.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Enhancing Energy Efficiency in IoT-WSN Systems via a Hybrid Crow Search and Firefly Algorithm

thembelihle dlamini — 12-30-2023

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Optimization of Laminar Flow in Non-Circular Ducts: A Comprehensive CFD Analysis

mohammed hadi hameed — 12-30-2023

This study presents a detailed Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, focusing on optimizing laminar flow within non-circular ducts, specifically those with square, rectangular, and triangular configurations. The study centers on the effective use of mesh quality and size in these ducts, a factor which is previously underrepresented in those CFD studies that predominantly emphasized turbulent rather than laminar flows. With the help of finite element approach, this study compares the performance of these non-circular ducts, employing Reynolds numbers ranging from 1600 to 2000 and mesh sizes of 6, 12, and 18 mm. A ribbed duct style, arranged in a hybrid manner, is adopted to further this study. Analysis in this paper applied the Single predictive optimization (SPO) technique to the identification of the K-$\varepsilon$-Standard as the preferred viscosity model and a hybrid rib distribution as optimal within the triangular duct configuration. Parameters of a Reynolds number of 1600 and a mesh size of 18 mm emerged as the most effective values for this duct style. Then, the attained results of the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated the F-Criterion's insignificance for Reynolds laminar levels, rendering the laminar viscosity model less relevant within the test section. Additionally, the implementation of the Six sigma procedure (SSP) markedly enhanced both the performance factor (PF) and turbulence intensity, which were observed at 4.90% and 146.77%, respectively. This improvement was most notable in the triangular duct, characterized by rib heights of 66 mm (semi-circle), 66 mm (rectangular), and 38.126 mm (triangular).

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Optimization and Performance Analysis of Microalgae Oil-Derived Biodiesel/Diesel Blends: An Emission Test Study

olusola d. ogundele — 12-29-2023

The deleterious environmental impacts of crude oil, notably significant pollution and escalated greenhouse gas emissions, necessitate alternative fuels. In this context, biodiesel, particularly when blended with diesel, emerges as a viable substitute. This study investigates the emissions and performance characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends, utilizing microalgae oil-based biodiesel. Variations in the catalyst (potassium hydroxide, KOH), reaction duration (30-110 minutes), and temperature (30-70^oC) were explored to determine their influence on biodiesel yield. The biodiesel produced was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), revealing distinct absorption bands indicative of various functional groups present. Furthermore, emission testing was conducted on a TecQuipment TD202 diesel engine, a naturally aspirated, single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, air-cooled model. Optimization studies revealed that the optimal biodiesel yield was achieved using 2g of KOH, at a temperature of 60^oC, and within a reaction time of 90 minutes. Emission testing demonstrated a decrease in exhaust gas temperature (EGT) with reduced biodiesel blend ratios and an increase with engine speed across all blends. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions diminished with lower biodiesel concentrations, whereas carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions escalated. Total hydrocarbons (THCs) emissions increased with reduced biodiesel content, and smoke opacity escalated with lower biodiesel blend ratios. This investigation methodically examines the emissions from various biodiesel blends, underscoring their potential as a cleaner, more sustainable option for the transportation sector.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Enhanced Thermal Performance of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Using $\mathrm{\textbf{TiO}}_\textbf{2} /$Water Nanofluids: An SST Turbulence Model Analysis

wilson babu musinguzi — 09-29-2023

Over recent years, nanotechnology’s landscape has witnessed transformative advancements, heralding new research opportunities in scientific and engineering domains. A notable innovation in this evolution is the development of nanofluids, comprising nanoparticles (each under 100 nm in diameter) suspended in conventional heat transfer fluids such as ethylene glycol and water. Distinguished from traditional heat transfer fluids, nanofluids are posited to offer substantial enhancements, particularly in thermal characteristics. The dispersion of nanoparticles, even in minimal quantities, within base fluids markedly improves the thermal properties of these fluids. This study focuses on evaluating the thermal performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger utilizing the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. ANSYS CFX, acclaimed for its accuracy, robustness, and expedience in various turbulence models, is employed for this analysis. The SST model is particularly effective in non-equilibrium turbulent boundary layer flows, enabling accurate heat transfer predictions. ANSYS CFX’s approach to near-wall equations mitigates the stringent grid resolution requirements often encountered in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. The investigation encompasses the use of water and TiO₂/water nanofluid at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) in a 3D model and CFD simulation. Enhanced efficiency and cooling performance are observed with the introduction of nanofluids in the shell and tube heat exchanger.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Investigating the Impact of Ignition Timing Variations on Single-Cylinder Otto Engine Performance with E50 Fuel Blend

rendy adhi rachmanto — 09-29-2023

The exponential growth in motorized vehicle usage presents myriad challenges, encompassing environmental pollution and sustained energy shortages. To address these challenges, the exploration of sustainable energy alternatives is imperative, with ethanol-based fuels emerging as a viable option. This investigation delves into the performance of a single-cylinder Otto engine, with a focus on the effects of ignition timing variations using a 50% ethanol and 50% pertalite blend, denoted as E50. The ignition timing was systematically varied to standard, +2°, +4°, and -2°. The results demonstrated that the +4° ignition timing, in conjunction with E50, delivered superior performance, culminating in a maximum torque of 8.02 Nm at 4000 rpm and a peak power output of 4.15 kW at 8000 rpm. Concurrently, optimal engine efficiency was achieved, with the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) reaching its lowest value of 0.307 Kg/kW.h at 5000 rpm and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) peaking at 36.10% at the same rotational speed. When contrasted with alternative fuels, the E50 blend resulted in an average torque reduction of 13.27% and a 14.46% decrease in power output. Despite this, significant enhancements in engine efficiency were observed. A 25.05% improvement in BSFC was noted, albeit with a reduction in fuel efficiency, while BTE experienced a 5.02% increase, indicative of augmented engine efficiency, particularly at the +4° ignition timing. This study underscores the potential of E50 and altered ignition timing in reducing reliance on fossil fuels, thus contributing to the transition towards sustainable energy solutions in the automotive sector.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Energy Systems for Indonesian Government Buildings

singgih dwi prasetyo — 09-29-2023

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Effect of Modern Technologies of Energy Conservation on Forming High–Rise Buildings

luma m. yahya — 09-29-2023

High-rise edifices are emblematic of contemporary construction, encapsulating advancements in environmental, formal, and structural design approaches. Such structures, often considered to consume substantial amounts of energy, primarily due to air conditioning and lighting, epitomise urban progression in developed regions. Concerns over energy and resource consumption have necessitated the exploration of viable alternatives for mitigating energy usage. In response, architectural endeavours have gravitated towards harnessing modern technologies to curtail energy demands, especially in high-rise constructions. Several architectural trends have subsequently emerged, each leveraging a myriad of techniques with the intent to diminish energy usage. This research, therefore, sought to elucidate the technologies deployed in energy conservation for high-rise buildings and subsequently discern their ramifications on architectural formulation. Adopting a qualitative-descriptive approach, an analytical examination was conducted on fifteen distinct cases of energy-efficient structures, aiming to gauge the influence of such technologies. Data, procured from visual and descriptive evaluations, were systematised using an observation sheet. It has been observed that certain environmentally-focused design methodologies may inadvertently compromise the architectural aesthetics of high-rise structures. Consequently, there emerges a pressing need for architects to harmonise aesthetic aspirations with contemporary energy-saving imperatives, ensuring judicious use of natural resources.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Enhancement of Thermal Efficiency in Gas-Fired Heaters Through a Novel Double-Walled Chimney Design: Experimental and CFD Analysis

razieh abbasgholi rezaei — 08-10-2023

In the Middle East, gas-fired heaters are conventionally favored due to their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and minimal environmental impact. However, the challenges associated with traditional designs, such as low thermal efficiency, high fuel consumption, emissions of environmental pollutants, indoor gas leakage, moisture absorption, uneven heat distribution, and non-compliance with design standards, necessitate innovative solutions. A novel gas-fired heater design is thus presented in this investigation, incorporating a double-walled chimney equipped with an intermediate ejector, blades, and a mesh plate. These components were integrated to enhance the overall performance by optimizing airflow dynamics, thereby improving efficiency and ensuring uniform flame formation. An experimental heater model was constructed, and a series of controlled experiments, along with Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, were performed. The thermal efficiency was found to improve by an average of 10% compared to conventional models, elevating the efficiency from 75% to 85%. This increase was attributed to the preheating of the inlet air in the double chimney, proper air distribution within the combustion chamber through mesh plate application, and the reduction of excess air volume by controlling the air inlet. Enhanced safety was also observed in the proposed design, with no exchange of air with the room, thereby alleviating concerns related to indoor gas leakage and moisture absorption. A minor trade-off was noted with a 3 ppm increase in nitrogen oxides ((NO_x) emissions, an effect of reduced excess airflow to the combustion chamber; however, this was deemed acceptable in light of the substantial efficiency increase. Furthermore, the decreased natural gas consumption rendered the model economically attractive. Overall, the proposed gas-fired heater design offers significant potential for improving residential heating systems, addressing environmental issues, and maximizing energy savings, and is aligned with the global pursuit of energy-efficient and sustainable solutions.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Enhancement of Building Thermal Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Integrated Solar Chimney and Geothermal Systems

sanjay kumar agarwal — 06-29-2023

A comparative investigation is conducted, employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to study two distinct room space configurations: one featuring a solar chimney and another integrating both a solar chimney and a geothermal system. The primary objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the thermal behavior, energy efficiency, and mass flow rates of these systems. Results underscore the considerable positive implications of the geothermal system integration. This amalgamation precipitates diminished average room temperatures and elevated mass flow rates, signifying superior thermal comfort and energy performance. The room implementing the geothermal system exhibited an average temperature of 302.2 Kelvin and a mass flow rate of 4.134 × 10⁻⁶ kg/s, in contrast to the room without the geothermal system, which demonstrated an average temperature of 309.6 Kelvin and a mass flow rate of 1.878 × 10⁻⁶ kg/s. These findings have practical repercussions for architects, engineers, and policymakers, facilitating well-grounded decisions in the domain of sustainable building design. The observed enhancement in thermal performance and mass flow rates underscore the potential merits of integrating geothermal systems, thereby promoting wider acceptance. Further research is recommended to investigate the influence of varied climatic conditions, building orientations, and room layouts on the efficiency of integrated solar chimney and geothermal designs. Examination of alternative renewable energy sources (RES), innovative building materials, and technologies is also suggested to elevate energy efficiency and sustainability in room space designs. This study contributes substantially to the expanding realm of sustainable building design, providing valuable insights for refining room space performance, curbing energy consumption, and heightening thermal comfort. By highlighting the advantages of renewable energy integration, particularly geothermal systems, the study stimulates the development of more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building spaces.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Sow Houses: An Annual Temperature Regulation System Employing Heat Recovery and Photovoltaic-Thermal Technology

yulu liu — 06-29-2023

This study proposes a novel annual temperature regulation system for sow houses, integrating heat recovery and photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) technology to optimize energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits. Mathematical models of key system components are developed and validated using published data, yielding a maximum error of 14.48%. A numerical simulation assesses the system's operating characteristics across different months, revealing the highest total energy consumption and output power in April and August, at 7,298.7 kW and 2.18×104 kW, respectively. Conversely, the lowest energy consumption and output power are observed in November and April, at 2,739.4 kW and 1.10×104 kW, respectively. The results indicate that the system's performance is significantly influenced by external environmental factors. Future research should investigate the system's performance and control strategies in various climatic regions across China, providing theoretical guidance for the application of solar energy and heat recovery in the environmental regulation of sow houses.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Green Path from Grease to Fuel

olusola d. ogundele — 06-29-2023

The environmental impact of improper waste cooking oil (WCO) disposal can be substantial, resulting in serious implications such as soil contamination, water pollution, energy wastage, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these potential impacts, the conversion of WCO into biodiesel offers an attractive alternative to fossil fuel dependency. This investigation focuses on biodiesel production via transesterification reactions, utilizing WCO collected from local food vendors. Biodiesel yield from Gino, Kings, and Mamador WCO were found to range from 55.5 to 58.1%, 55.1 to 53.9%, and 53.7 to 52.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the specific gravities of the produced biodiesel from Gino, Kings, and Mamador WCO ranged between 0.725-0.75, 0.73-0.84, and 0.71-0.80, respectively. Acid values varied from 0.51-0.52 KOH/g for Gino WCO, 0.50-0.57 KOH/g for Kings WCO, and 0.50-0.57 KOH/g for Mamador WCO. Cetane numbers were observed to range from 45.82-46.25 min for Gino WCO, 46.2-46.45 min for Kings WCO, and 46.0-46.25 min for Mamador WCO. Finally, the flashpoints ranged between 135-138℃ for Gino WCO, 137-140℃ for Kings WCO, and 137-138℃ for Mamador WCO, while cloud points hovered between 4.82-5.02℃. Significantly, all physicochemical properties of the resulting biodiesel were found to be within ASTM recommended parameters, highlighting the potential of WCO as a valuable resource for sustainable biodiesel production.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Influence of Openings on Wind Load and Structural Response in Triangular Buildings

pramod sinha — 06-19-2023

Understanding the response of buildings to wind loads is critical, as these forces can generate significant pressure and suction, potentially leading to structural failure if overlooked. This research was focused on examining the effects of openings on triangular-shaped buildings when subjected to high wind load conditions. Utilizing CAD modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the analysis was executed through the ANSYS simulation package. Subsequent Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) studies were conducted to ascertain shear stress and lateral deformation. The studies encompassed building models both with and without openings, with the evaluation of induced pressure and velocity. The resultant drag on buildings incorporating openings was discovered to be 6679N lower than those without openings. Furthermore, an analysis employing M25 concrete indicated a 33.13$3 \%$ reduction in lateral deformation in buildings with openings as compared to those without. For buildings constructed with M30 concrete, a 32.17$3 \%$ decrease in lateral deformation was observed. Despite the informative findings, it should be recognized that the investigation was confined to a particular range of wind load conditions and did not consider extreme scenarios. Dynamic wind effects and long-term structural behavior were not included in the current analysis. Therefore, while this study elucidates the importance of wind load analysis and structural reinforcement for maintaining building stability, further research is warranted. Such future investigations should consider broader simulation models, encompassing diverse building shapes and wind load conditions, and account for additional influential factors.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Enhanced Performance of Structurally Optimized Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Through Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop

salem mehrzad banooni — 06-19-2023

This study aims to optimize the structure of compact Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers (PFHE) by incorporating corrugated fins and validating their improved performance through numerical modeling and simulation. The results provide valuable insights for refining application-specific design guidelines and enhancing the performance of PFHEs. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the PFHE geometry was created in SolidWorks and Ansys Fluent, with fins modeled in three layers inside the heat exchanger both with and without a cover. To investigate the fins' performance, flow field, and heat transfer, fin thickness, entry velocities, and locations of water and air were varied across three wavelengths (10, 20, and 30) during the numerical investigation. The analysis focused on the variations in pressure, temperature, and fluid velocity within the heat exchanger. Key findings include the observation that temperature distribution is influenced by the velocities of both water and air, with the upper layer experiencing a temperature increase due to the warm fluid stream, while the opposite effect is observed near the bottom layer. Furthermore, fluid temperature variation in the depth direction is attributed to conductive heat transfer through side plates and convective heat transfer to the surroundings. The outcomes of this study have the potential to reduce the pressure difference generated during heat exchange and increase the thermal efficiency of PFHEs.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Experimental Exergy Analysis of Air Flow Through Micro Helical Tubes with Novel Geometries under Adiabatic Conditions

razieh abbasgholi rezaei — 03-30-2023

Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Mixed Combustion Characteristics of Various Biomass Particles

songying zhao — 03-30-2023

As a promising pollutant emission reduction technology, biomass mixed combustion has attracted widespread attention worldwide. This paper aimed to study the characteristics of biomass mixed combustion and temperature distribution. A combination of simulation and experimental methods was adopted. The results showed when four kinds of biomass were burned separately, their highest temperatures in the center section of combustion chamber were corn stalk>cotton stalk>sawdust>rice straw in descending order. Compared with other three biomass, the highest temperature of corn stalk was more than 100 K higher, which mainly occurred during the full combustion stage, mainly because corn stalk had high volatile content and caught fire easily. In addition, with the optimal mixed combustion parameters, biomass mixed combustion improved the combustion characteristics of single biomass combustion. The optimal blending ratio of corn stalk to rice straw was 7:3, and the optimal primary air velocity and temperature were 48 m/s and 1300 K, respectively. With the optimal blending ratio, the maximum temperature in the center section was higher than that of single biomass combustion, with advanced ignition point, relatively uniform temperature distribution in the combustion chamber and good combustion performance, because the precipitation and combustion of high volatile components during mixed combustion caused the surface temperature of fixed carbon to rise rapidly to reach the ignition temperature. Finally, this paper studied the combustion characteristics of corn stalk and rice straw with the optimal mixed combustion parameters in mixed combustion experiment, and verified the good consistency between the simulation and experimental values. Therefore, biomass mixed combustion technology provides an important reference for solving the problem of low calorific value of single biomass combustion.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Sustainability Assessment Techniques and Potential Sustainability Accreditation Tools for Energy-Product Systems Modelling

valeria selicati — 03-30-2023

The modelling of complex technological systems serves as the foundation for enhancing process performance, including sustainability features (triple-bottom line). The European Green Deal, proposed in 2019, aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and foster a resource-independent economy. Such a change must be carefully planned. Comprehensive sustainability protocols and guidelines are necessary to describe the standardized methodological procedure, the environmental certification procedures that allow market comparability and identification of the best solutions, the databases, the calculation tools and software, and the benchmark and target with which to make comparison. Policies and regulatory or incentive instruments promote the broad adoption of these approaches and ensure that policies reduce environmental, economic, and social impacts. This paper consists in an overview of sustainability assessment tools’ role in energy policy and short- and long-term modeling of more eco-friendly energy-product systems. Additionally, the paper explores these methods’ pros and cons in planning, analyzing, and optimizing energy/product systems, also according to the circular economy paradigm. All of these strategies aim to help the decision-maker make more consistent judgments by taking into consideration essential objective, such as end user or stakeholder demands, and minimizing subjective elements. An extensive listing of Sustainability accreditation and communication tools is provided. Sustainability assessment is an evaluation and optimization method that promotes sustainable development in all political planning and decision-making. It examines the social, economic, and environmental effects, finds conflicting goals, and recommends early optimization. Potentially, sustainability assessment should be integrated into the political planning process and depend on domain-specific research and assessments that currently exist or are planned, such as in combination with decision-making. Sustainability assessment is not designed to be an extra analytical tool. A sector-specific environmental or economic study from a strategic environmental analysis or regulatory effect analysis may be crucial to a sustainability assessment.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Numerical Study of Opto-Electrical Properties of a Mixed Halide Methylammonium Lead Halide (MAPbBr_3-nI_n; n=0, 1, 2 and 3) Based Perovskite Solar Cell

kunal chakraborty — 12-29-2022

In This research article represents the study of optical, and electrical properties of Methylammonium lead (MAPbBr_3-nI_n; n=0, 1, 2 and 3) (CH₃NH₃PbI₃, CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br, CH₃NH₃PbIBr₂, and CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) based Perovskite solar cell. An FTO/TiO₂/ MAPbBr_3-nI_n/Spiro-OMeTAD/Al based structure with TiO₂ as electron transport layer and Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer has been used for this study. The opto-electrical properties such as resonance time period, indirect and direct band gap have been studied. The results shows that the resonance time period, indirect band gap, and direct band gap for each of the Perovskite layer CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is 9.09 µs, 1.4 eV and 2.6 eV, for CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br is 6.25 µs, 1.5 eV and 2.7 eV, for CH₃NH₃PbIBr₂ is 6.25 µs, 1.7 eV, and 2.8 eV and for CH₃NH₃PbBr₃is 5.55 µs, 2.1 eV and 2.9 eV respectively.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Promoting Effect of TiCl₄ Pre-Coating Time on TiO₂ Semiconductors on Double Layer Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

zainal arifin — 12-29-2022

The invention of chemically flexible solar cells, known as dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSC), has led to cheaper, more ecologically friendly, yet inefficient solar cells. The poor link between the semiconductor and the substrate, which impacts the DSSC electrons' mobility, is the root reason of the low efficiency. TiCl₄ pre-coatings have been used in many studies on semiconductor engineering to boost electron mobility. In order to lower the internal resistance in the DSSC, it is known that using TiCl₄ pre-coating affects the mechanical strength between the semiconductor and the substrate. TiCl₄ pre-coating can be done by immersing FTO glass, where semiconductors have deposited, in the TiCl4 solution. This study examines how the TiCl₄ pre-coating time in the production of TiO₂ semiconductors affects DSSC performance. To reveal the effects on alterations in the semiconductor morphology of TiO₂, immersion times in the TiCl4 treatment were set to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60mins. The results show that TiO₂ nanoparticles with a 60min TiCl₄ treatment had better connectivity between individual particles than those with shorter treatments. The performance metrics like open circuit photovoltage (Voc), short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) were 0.569 V, 7,616 mA/cm2, 43.3%, and 2.208%, respectively.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Summary of Demand-side Response and Energy Transaction Strategy of Intelligent Building Clusters Driven by Data

chenxi jia — 12-29-2022

At present, intelligent buildings have formed a relatively mature and complete industrial chain and industrial scale in China, but there are still some technical and application problems to be solved urgently, mainly including the lack of linkage between different demand-side energy demand scenarios, the inability to guarantee information security, and serious building energy consumption. In view of the above problems, scholars at home and abroad have launched relevant research, but they have not comprehensively considered the relevance of the above problems. Therefore, this article sorts out the research status of source-load joint forecast method of intelligent building clusters, and analyzes the related development trends, including three major directions: source-load joint forecast method of intelligent building clusters, key technologies of energy supply and demand data security of intelligent building clusters, and distributed energy transaction strategy of intelligent building clusters. Through combing and analysis, this article has formed a number of valuable research directions, which can provide directional reference and knowledge for the accurate response of electric-thermal load and energy transaction strategy of intelligent building clusters and P2P method theory in other scenarios.

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Journal of Sustainability for Energy, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Application of the Thermal Solar Energy in the Primary Circuit of Hot Water of the Four Palms Hotel

marien gonzalez-sanchez — 12-29-2022

A proposal is made in the sanitary hot water system in a hotel installation consisting in the change of the black steel pipe system by high density polypropylene pipes in the primary circuit of the system. A field of vacuum tube solar collectors is sized to work in replacement of the heat recovery system of the water chiller. An economic and environmental analysis of the proposal is made. With the installation of the solar collectors, the hotel will deduct 27,545 liters (15,425 kg) of liquid gas propane (LPG) from its annual consumption, equivalent to 51,728 USD, avoiding the emission of 104,583 kg of CO₂eq into the environment. The simple recovery time of the investment will be 5.88 years. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using solar thermal energy in the heating of sanitary water due to the decrease in the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas and, therefore, the environmental damage is reduced when greenhouse gases are no longer emitted.

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