Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2025, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Water-Injection Displacement Compatibility and Economic Performance in Fracture–Matrix Cores

haifeng lv — 03-30-2025

The No. 8 Block of Xinjiang represents a typical ultra-low-permeability fractured oilfield in which conventional water-quality evaluation techniques fail to reproduce the water-quality evolution and associated reservoir responses that occur within fractured reservoirs. To address this limitation, a graded water-quality evaluation method and an associated apparatus tailored for water injection in ultra-low-permeability fractured reservoirs were independently developed. Using this method and apparatus, fracture–matrix core water-injection displacement experiments were conducted to quantify water–reservoir compatibility and to characterize permeability evolution in fracture–matrix cores during displacement. An economic evaluation of fracture–matrix core water-injection schemes was subsequently performed. The results indicate that, for fracture–matrix cores with a permeability of 8 mD, suspended particles with a median diameter ≤ 1.5 μm and a concentration ≤ 8 mg/L cause a total permeability impairment of < 20%, demonstrating favorable compatibility and unobstructed migration, with particle retention concentrated primarily within fracture zones. For fractures with a permeability of 20 mD, suspended particles with a median diameter ≤ 3 μm and a concentration ≤ 6 mg/L similarly result in permeability impairment < 20%, indicating good compatibility and successful passage. By integrating reservoir-permeability variations and historical water-injection data, an economic assessment model that accounts for reservoir evolution, oil prices, and injected-water quality was established. The model enables the identification of water-quality standards that both ensure effective reservoir development and maintain economic viability.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Prioritization of Coastal Environmental Risks under Climate Change in Quang Ngai, Vietnam: An Integrated Analytic Network Process–Risk Score Approach

vo van tuyen — 12-30-2024

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation in the Sudda Vagu Basin, Bhainsa Region, Telangana, India

taksande priyanka — 12-30-2024

Groundwater in the Sudda Vagu basin, located in the Bhainsa region of Nirmal District, Telangana, serves as a critical source of water for both drinking and irrigation. To evaluate its quality and suitability, 25 groundwater samples were systematically collected during the pre-monsoon (May 2022) and post-monsoon (November 2022) periods and analyzed for major cations and anions. The concentrations of sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and sulfate (SO₄²⁻) were found to remain within the permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), whereas elevated levels of calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and fluoride (F⁻) were detected in several samples, exceeding the prescribed thresholds. The pH of the groundwater ranged from 6.5 to 8.5, indicating alkaline conditions, and was deemed generally acceptable for drinking based on BIS guidelines. Hydrochemical facies classification using the Piper trilinear diagram revealed the predominance of Ca²⁺-HCO₃⁻, Na⁺-Cl⁻, and mixed water types. Irrigation suitability was further assessed through indicators including the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Kelly Ratio (KR), and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), along with the Wilcox diagram. Pre-monsoon evaluation indicated that 12 samples were categorized under the S1C2 class (low sodium hazard–medium salinity hazard), while 13 samples were assigned to the S1C3 class (low sodium hazard–high salinity hazard). Post-monsoon analysis revealed that four samples remained in S1C2, whereas 21 shifted into S1C3. The findings indicate that the majority of samples are suitable for drinking and irrigation. Continuous monitoring and the implementation of sustainable groundwater management strategies are therefore essential to ensure water security in this region.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Assessing Urban Expansion and Forest Fragmentation in Dhaka Megacity Using Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics

anonya dutta — 12-30-2024

The spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion and its impact on forest fragmentation within Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), a rapidly urbanizing megacity in South Asia, were critically investigated in this study. While prior research has predominantly focused on broad land-use changes and general vegetation loss, detailed analysis of forest fragmentation and its direct correlation with urban expansion intensity remains limited. This gap was addressed by integrating high-resolution Landsat satellite imagery from 2016, 2020, and 2024 with advanced landscape metrics and urban expansion indices, enabling a comprehensive and replicable assessment of urban-driven ecological disruption. Land use and land cover (LULC) classifications were generated through supervised classification in Google Earth Engine. Urban growth was quantified using the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) and the Annual Urban Expansion Rate (AUER), while forest fragmentation was evaluated via patch density, edge density, and a comprehensive fragmentation index derived from FRAGSTATS. Results indicated a marked intensification of urban expansion, with the urban area increasing from 133 km² in 2016 to 139 km² in 2024. This growth was accompanied by a rise in UEII from 0.67% to 1.35% and in AUER from 0.37% to 0.73%. Concurrently, forest ecosystems experienced significant fragmentation, as evidenced by an increase in the fragmentation index from 33 to 80 and edge density from 4 to 9 per km², indicating a progressive decline in forest continuity and heightened ecological vulnerability. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between urban expansion and both edge density (r = 0.953) and the fragmentation index (r = 0.922), confirming the direct influence of urban sprawl on forest disintegration. These findings underscore the urgent need for ecologically informed urban planning. By providing a replicable methodological framework for quantifying urbanization-driven ecological disruption, this study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable urban development and forest conservation in rapidly transforming urban landscapes.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Expansion and Its Impact on Agricultural Land Degradation and Vegetation Health in Narayanganj District, Bangladesh

rifat bin hossain — 12-30-2024

Urban expansion, driven by rapid population growth, has increasingly encroached upon agricultural land and contributed to the degradation of ecological systems. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban growth in Narayanganj District, Bangladesh, were assessed over a 20-year period (2003–2023) using integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes were quantified, and their ecological consequences were evaluated through vegetation indices including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), alongside the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). An LULC classification revealed a net increase of 5.61% in built-up areas, accompanied by reductions of 7.61% and 1.61% in barren land and agricultural land, respectively. The spatial pattern of urban expansion was found to be uneven, with pronounced growth observed from the northern to north-northwestern sectors of the district. A two-phase conversion analysis indicated that 15.68% of agricultural land was transformed into urban areas between 2003 and 2013, followed by a slightly lower conversion rate of 14.74% from 2013 to 2023. Notably, a statistically significant inverse correlation was detected between NDBI and both NDVI and SAVI, suggesting a measurable decline in vegetation health associated with urban intensification. These findings provide empirical and geographically grounded evidence of the adverse ecological impacts of urbanization in a peri-urban context. The integration of multi-temporal satellite images with vegetation and built-up indices enabled a comprehensive evaluation of land transformation processes and their environmental implications. The insights gained from this research may inform sustainable land use planning, urban policy formulation, and conservation strategies aimed at mitigating the loss of agricultural land and safeguarding vegetation health in rapidly urbanizing regions.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages undefined: A Comprehensive Evaluation Index for GNSS Observation Data Quality

xudong tan — 12-30-2024

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Biodiversity Degradation Driven by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Daoukro, Côte d’Ivoire

lazare tia — 09-29-2024

Côte d’Ivoire is recognized as one of the principal gold-producing countries in West Africa, where artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) constitutes the second most prevalent livelihood activity after agriculture, particularly within rural communities. As a result, high concentrations of ASGM activity have been recorded in 78% of the country’s regions. In this context, the ecological impacts of ASGM on biodiversity in the Daoukro region were examined. A diachronic geospatial analysis was conducted using satellite imagery from 2010 to 2020, in conjunction with field-based spatial data collection and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that extensive environmental degradation has been driven by the unregulated techniques and substances employed in gold extraction processes, including the widespread use of mercury and cyanide. These practices have resulted in severe soil contamination, structural weakening due to erosion, and inhibited vegetative regeneration. Over the decade-long period, the proportion of bare soil increased at an annual growth rate of +7.90%, while forested areas declined markedly from 31,258 hectares to 24,750 hectares—representing a cumulative reduction of 20.34%. This deforestation has contributed to the disruption and loss of native biodiversity that relies on forest ecosystems for survival. Additionally, land fragmentation and habitat degradation have reduced ecological resilience, further intensifying species vulnerability in the region. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land management policies and biodiversity conservation strategies tailored to mitigate the ecological footprint of ASGM in Côte d’Ivoire.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Reassessing the Water Invasion Intensity Indicator Curve and Endpoint Equation in Water-Drive Gas Reservoirs

shaopeng zhu — 09-29-2024

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Degradation Factors of the Association for Forestry and Environmental Education Forest Massif in Cameroon

kitio zangue ariane sorelle — 09-29-2024

This study investigates the landscape dynamics and management practices affecting the Association for Forestry and Environmental Education (AFEE) forest massif, located in the monomodal agroecological zone of Cameroon. Using remote sensing data, including Landsat 8 imagery from 2014, 2019, and 2024, in conjunction with field observations, the spatio-temporal changes in land use over the past decade were mapped. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 30 local residents selected through snowball sampling to assess their perceptions of the forest's degradation and the impact of their livelihood activities on the surrounding environment. The results reveal a significant decline in the forest's ecological integrity, with the AFEE massif, originally covered entirely by mature secondary forest in 2014 (200 ha), experiencing a 77.7% reduction in forest cover by 2024. This loss has been primarily replaced by anthropogenic land uses, including young secondary forests (22.9%, 45.95 ha), swamps (17.6%, 35.35 ha), fallow lands (16.8%, 33.7 ha), rubber and oil palm plantations (1.46%, 2.91 ha), and agricultural plots (18.7%, 37.48 ha). Activities such as agriculture, hunting, artisanal sawmilling, and fishing, although central to the livelihoods of local people, have contributed significantly to the degradation of the natural landscape. These practices, while essential for local economic well-being, have negatively impacted the forest ecosystem. Given the critical role of the AFEE massif in environmental education, these findings are essential for the development of strategies that can balance the conservation of natural ecosystems with the socio-economic needs of local populations. The results underscore the need for integrated management approaches that promote both environmental preservation and sustainable livelihoods to ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services for future generations.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Assessment of Aquifer Indices in Kano State, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic and Digital Elevation Model Data

samir auwalu — 09-29-2024

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages undefined: AI-Driven Analysis of Rock Fragmentation: The Influence of Explosive Charge Quantity

nidumukkala sri chandrahas — 07-29-2024

Drilling and blasting are essential operations within the mining industry, playing a critical role in material fragmentation. Despite advancements in various blasting technologies, the process remains a dominant contributor to overall mining costs. Achieving cost efficiency requires the precise configuration of blast design parameters, including explosive charge quantity, to attain desired outcomes in fragmentation, ground vibrations, fly rock, and air over-pressure. This study introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven model, XGBoost-PSO-T, which combines eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) through the integration of the Tri-Weight technique. The PSO-Tri-Weight method optimizes the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model, enhancing its predictive capabilities. The model's performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²), with the results demonstrating that the XGBoost-PSO-T system outperforms the standard XGBoost approach, achieving an RMSE of 0.657 and an R² of 0.922. These findings suggest that the XGBoost-PSO-T model is a valuable tool for predicting fragmentation outcomes and optimizing blast designs in surface mining operations. The implementation of this system is recommended to improve blasting efficiency and reduce operational costs.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: LoRaWAN and IoT-Based Landslide Early Warning System

muladi — 06-29-2024

According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), 629 landslides occurred in 2022, resulting in 318 fatalities, 459 displaced individuals, and extensive damage to 892 buildings and public facilities. To mitigate the impacts of such events, an early warning system for landslides based on Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) was developed, enabling more effective monitoring and response in high-risk areas. This system integrates LoRaWAN technology with a suite of sensors, including a soil moisture sensor to track moisture levels, a Global Position System (GPS) sensor to provide location data, and an accelerometer to detect tilt and acceleration changes. Sensor data were transmitted to a gateway and monitored in real time via the Blynk application. Furthermore, the relationship between Spreading Factor (SF) values, transmission distance, Time on Air (ToA), and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) was examined to optimize system performance. The results indicate that SF 12 provides the most reliable performance in the context of early landslide detection. Data transmission in both emergency and scheduled modes was successfully achieved, with seamless integration of the gateway and Blynk platform. This research presents a robust framework for improving disaster mitigation efforts through early detection and monitoring systems.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Development and Application of Eco-Friendly Micro-Nano Filtrate Reducers and High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids

junyi liu — 06-29-2024

The utilization of oil-based drilling fluids is a significant technical approach for drilling in ultra-deep, unconventional, and other complex hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, these fluids present notable disadvantages, including high preparation costs and environmental pollution. There is an urgent need to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance water-based drilling fluid system suitable for complex geological conditions to support the exploration and development of oil and gas under deep, challenging, and unconventional conditions. Addressing the current issue where polymer filtrate reducers cannot simultaneously achieve temperature resistance, salt resistance, and environmental performance, a novel organic/inorganic composite micro-nano filtrate reducer (MNFR) was developed using inverse emulsion polymerization. The MNFR has a D₅₀ particle size of 1.313μm, withstands temperatures up to 200℃, resists saturated NaCl brine, and exhibits an EC₅₀ biotoxicity value of 86700 mg/L. Furthermore, a high-temperature-resistant (up to 200℃) eco-friendly high-performance drilling fluid system (HBHP) was constructed, demonstrating excellent rheological and filtration properties, with a high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration volume of only 7.6mL and an EC₅₀ biotoxicity value of 54300mg/L. It also shows outstanding plugging, anti-collapse, and hydration inhibition properties. The HBHP system has been applied in three wells in the Shengli oilfield, with no complex situations related to wellbore stability occurring during field operations, thus providing technical support for the green development of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs such as deep, ultra-deep, offshore deepwater, and unconventional formations.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Monitoring the Billion Trees Afforestation Project in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Through Remote Sensing

syed ubaid ullah — 06-29-2024

The utilization of remote sensing (RS) techniques plays a crucial role in the efficient planning and monitoring of afforestation projects within constrained timeframes. This study evaluates the progress of the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) in Dera Ismail Khan (DIK), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using RS technology. Geographical positioning systems were employed to delineate the boundaries of the plantation areas, and two temporal Sentinel-2 images from 2016 (the commencement of the plantation) and 2018 were analyzed to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results revealed that the survival rate of plantations varied between 37.39% and 85.15%, while the area of unstocked regions ranged from 14.84% to 62.60%. Overall, in 2016, the survival rate was determined to be 61.28%, with 38.72% of the area remaining unstocked. The NDVI values in 2016 ranged from -1 to -0.43, whereas in 2018, they spanned from -0.43 to 0.80, indicating significant progress in plantation growth and a substantial reduction in unstocked areas. The RS-based assessment proved to be highly effective, suggesting its adoption for the rapid detection and evaluation of plantation efforts. It is recommended to use high-resolution satellite images and drone technology to enhance accuracy further. Additionally, measures such as the establishment of closures, pit sowing, appropriate site and species selection, and effective soil and water conservation techniques are essential to maximizing the survival rate of plantations.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Forecasting Rainfall in Selected Cities of Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study of Random Forest and Long Short-Term Memory Models

timothy kayode samson — 06-29-2024

Rainfall is crucial for agricultural practices, and climate change has significantly altered rainfall patterns. Understanding the dynamic nature of rainfall in the context of climate change through Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms is essential for ensuring food security. ML techniques provide tools for processing large-scale data to extract meaningful insights. This study aims to compare the performance of a ML algorithm, Random Forest (RF), with a DL algorithm, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), in predicting rainfall in six state capitals in Southwest Nigeria: Osogbo, Ikeja, Ibadan, Akure, Ado-Ekiti, and Abeokuta. The dataset for this study was sourced from the HelioClim website archive, which offers high-quality solar radiation and meteorological data derived from satellite measurements. This archive is known for its accuracy and reliability, providing extensive and consistent historical datasets for various applications. The monthly rainfall data spanning from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2022, were used, with 80% allocated for training and 20% for validation. As the data are time series, each model was constructed using a look-back period of five months, meaning the past five months' rainfall data served as input features. The performance of these algorithms was evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results indicated that the RF algorithm yielded the lowest MSE, RMSE, and MAE across all selected cities in Southwest Nigeria. This study demonstrated the superiority of RF regression over LSTM in predicting rainfall in these regions, providing a valuable tool for agricultural planning and climate adaptation strategies.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Stratigraphic and Structural Analysis of the Jaintia-Jaflong Monocline: Insights from Field Investigations

md. masum billah — 06-29-2024

The Jaintiapur-Jaflong region, strategically positioned between the subsiding Surma Basin to the south and the uplifting Shillong Massif to the north, presents a unique geological setting. This study employed geological clinometers and other field methods to ascertain the geological characteristics of the area. The regional strike was determined to be N66˚W, with a dip direction of S24˚W and a dip angle of 42.25˚. Through extensive field investigations, including geological mapping, stratigraphic logging, rock sampling, fossil analysis, and structural analysis, complemented by Global Positioning System (GPS), photography, remote sensing, and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, seven lithostratigraphic units were identified. These include the variegated color sandstone, mottled clay, yellowish to reddish-grey sandstone, sandy shale with intercalated silty shale, pinkish sandstone, bluish to blackish-grey shale, and limestone units, corresponding sequentially to Dupi Tila, Girujan Clay, Tipam Sandstone, Surma Group, Jenum Shale Fm, Kopili Shale, and Sylhet Limestone Fm, respectively. Five critical geological contact boundaries were delineated, with notable boundaries identified at the Dupigaon-Sari River Section, the Lalakhal-Tetulghat Section, the Nayagang-Gourishankar Section, and between the Barail and Jaintia groups at the Tamabil-Jaflong Highway Road Cut Section. These findings elucidate the geological contacts and stratigraphic units, providing significant implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, resource potential assessment, and stratigraphic correlation, thus enhancing the understanding of regional geological history and laying a foundation for future research endeavors.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Decadal Dynamics of Jamuna Riverbank Erosion and Its Impact on Local Livelihoods in Shariakandi, Bangladesh

sheikh al amin — 03-30-2024

Over a thirty-year period (1990-2020), the spatiotemporal changes in riverbank erosion and accretion along the Jamuna River in Shariakandi Upazila, Bogura District, Bangladesh, were investigated using Landsat satellite imagery processed through ArcGIS 10.8 and Erdas Imagine 2015. The analysis delineated significant alterations in the riverbank, quantifying a decrease in the river area from 108 km² to 79.99 km², with a net erosion of 50.02 km² and an accretion of 78.03 km². Among the nine unions affected, Karnibari, Kazla, and Chaulabari were most impacted, with erosion accounting for 14.79%, 25.98%, and 28.42% of the total, respectively. This study established a direct correlation between riverbank erosion and increased vulnerability for local populations, characterized by loss of homesteads and agricultural lands, displacement, income reduction, and a cycle of poverty. Environmental repercussions included deteriorated water quality and an increased prevalence of diseases. The effectiveness of various local adaptation strategies, such as financial reliance on external sources, migration, and occupational shifts, was also assessed, revealing a spectrum of success and underscoring the necessity for more sustainable, holistic approaches. This research emphasizes the imperative for integrated riverbank management strategies that concurrently address the geological and socio-economic ramifications of riverbank erosion.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Geoelectrical Characterization of Subsurface Structures in Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria: A Comparative Study with Ground Magnetic Data

abba y. usman — 03-30-2024

A geoelectrical imaging survey, employing resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methodologies, was executed on Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria, positioned between latitudes 12.008611°N and 12.009722°N, and longitudes 8.505833°E and 8.507222°E. The objective was to assess and compare findings with prior ground magnetic studies to delineate subsurface geological structures. The survey utilized an ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 for data acquisition along three distinct profiles encompassing the hill and adjacent areas, with electrode separations fixed at 10 meters. Data processing was conducted using RES2DINV software, revealing resistivity profiles that identified three stratified layers with resistivity values ranging from 300Ωm to 6798Ωm for the first layer, 128Ωm to 744Ωm for the second, and 4Ωm to 127Ωm for the third. IP profiles identified zones of varying chargeability, from -3.44 msec to 19.6 msec. Analysis indicated a consistent positive correlation between zones of high resistivity and low chargeability. For instance, a zone along Profile 1 demonstrated high resistivity values (2142Ωm - 6798Ωm) between 60m and 190m, coinciding with a low chargeability zone (0.506 msec to 2.43 msec) observed from 20m to 100m along the profile, equating to depths of 10m to 39.6m. Similar correlations were observed in the subsequent profiles, with significant intersections between high resistivity and low chargeability zones. These areas were interpreted as being rich in iron ore minerals, predominantly magnetite, based on the comparative analysis with standard values of rocks and minerals. The presence of magnetite, known for its high iron content and magnetic properties, underscores the area's potential for steel production. Moreover, the identification of a dyke within the study area corroborates findings from earlier magnetic studies, further validating the geophysical methodology's effectiveness in revealing the shallow subsurface structural settings. This alignment not only substantiates the layered configurations deduced from magnetic studies but also highlights the geoelectrical survey's capability in providing a comprehensive understanding of subsurface geology.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Optimizing Borehole Diameter for Maximum Gas Extraction Efficiency in Coal Seams

junming zhang — 03-10-2024

In mines characterized by high gas concentrations, the process of extracting natural resources frequently precipitates coal and gas outbursts, positioning borehole gas extraction as a pivotal preventative strategy. Investigations aimed at identifying an optimal borehole diameter for gas extraction were undertaken within the Puxi Mine, entailing the drilling of boreholes across a spectrum of diameters and subsequent comparative analysis of the resultant data. This study meticulously evaluated the influence of seven distinct borehole diameters on gas concentration and pure flow rate, per unit length of coal hole and per unit of applied negative pressure. It was discerned that boreholes with larger diameters significantly enhance gas extraction efficacy. Specifically, boreholes of 113mm and 94mm diameters were noted for their exceptional performance, delivering pure flow rates of gas at 0.0215 m³/min and 0.0428 m³/min, respectively. Through a detailed examination of borehole diameters that presented considerable advantages, notably 113mm, 105mm, and 94mm, it was ascertained that the 94mm borehole diameter achieved the highest utilization efficiency, registering a gas pure flow rate of 1.62×10^-4 m³/min per unit diameter. Consequently, this diameter was identified as the most advantageous for gas extraction purposes. The insights garnered from this investigation are instrumental for the selection of borehole diameters tailored to gas extraction in coal seams of varying thicknesses, and they significantly contribute to the formulation of rationalized gas extraction methodologies.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Enhanced Oil Recovery Through Balanced Production Techniques in Horizontal Wells of Bohai A Oilfield

dedong xue — 02-02-2024

In response to the prevalent high water cut challenge in horizontal wells of the Bohai A Oilfield, this study introduces an innovative approach for pinpointing water production points in horizontal wells. The methodology leverages a comprehensive evaluation that integrates techniques such as curve identification, dynamic analysis, numerical simulation, and seepage model calculations. In conjunction, a novel hydraulic control-based balanced oil production process has been developed. This process utilizes a specialized water plugging string to effectively seal water production points in horizontal wells. Additionally, a hydraulic control system for horizontal well oil production has been implemented, facilitating staged extraction and thus achieving balance in oil production. Field application, particularly in Well X1, demonstrates a marked improvement post-implementation: the comprehensive water cut in Well X1 decreased from an initial 98.1% to 87.3%, and the production pressure differential escalated from 0.55 MPa to 2.01 MPa. This substantial enhancement in reservoir utilization indicates a notable reduction in water cut within the crude oil. The application of this balanced production technology in horizontal wells has led to a decrease in water cut and liquid production, significantly alleviating surface processing pressures. Consequently, there has been an improvement in well productivity and the overall development effectiveness of the oilfield. These findings suggest that the balanced oil production technique offers a promising solution for enhancing oil recovery in horizontal wells, particularly in fields grappling with high water cuts.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2024, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Comparative Analysis of Trigonometric and Polynomial Models in Meteorological Parameter Prediction for Sub-Saharan West African Stations

francis olatunbosun aweda — 01-14-2024

Meteorological parameter modeling is imperative for predicting future atmospheric conditions. This study focuses on the Sub-Saharan region of West Africa, a region characterized by its climatic diversity and unique weather patterns, making it an ideal subject for meteorological research. The objective was to model meteorological parameters using trigonometric and polynomial functions, assessing their predictive accuracy in selected West African stations. The parameters considered include air temperature, air pressure, wind speed, rainfall, and relative humidity, with data sourced from the HelioClim satellite archive, spanning 1980 to 2022. The data, recorded in comma-separated value (CSV) format, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically mean and standard deviation. Each meteorological parameter underwent modeling through both polynomial and trigonometric functions. The comparative effectiveness of these models was evaluated using the adjusted coefficient of determination and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The preference for the adjusted coefficient of determination over the standard coefficient of determination (R²) was due to its ability to account for biases arising from variances in the number of parameters in both model types. The results indicated that both trigonometric and polynomial models are robust in their predictive capabilities, demonstrating their utility in accurate parameter estimation and future weather prediction. These findings suggest that such models are valuable tools in climate studies, enhancing understanding and awareness of weather conditions in the Sub-Saharan West African region.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Assessing the Seismic Resilience of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge in Sibu, Sarawak: A Finite Element Analysis Approach

linghou jiun — 12-27-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Inverse Analysis of Rock Mass Dynamic Parameters from Blasting Vibration Signals

yiran yan — 12-24-2023

The precision of determining rock mass mechanical parameters is notably impacted by mining blast activities. An advanced method for inverse analysis of these parameters, predicated upon measured blasting vibrations, has been developed. This approach employs a meticulous recognition of initial P-wave and S-wave arrivals within the vibrational energy spectrum. Utilizing principles from elastic wave theory, a novel framework has been established, correlating P-wave and S-wave velocities with dynamic characteristics of rock masses. The efficacy of this method has been substantiated through practical implementation, particularly in the Guanbaoshan Open-pit Iron Mine, Liaoning Province. Here, the derived density ratios were observed to range between 0.98 and 1.01, aligning closely with figures provided by authoritative research institutes. Additionally, the dynamic-to-static Poisson's ratio exhibited variations from 0.85 to 1.03, while the modulus of elasticity ratio dynamically to statically spanned from 2.0 to 2.6. These results, falling within anticipated theoretical ranges, underscore the robust applicability and accuracy of this method. The research contributes significantly to the domain of mining operations, particularly in optimizing blasting processes and enhancing the precision of mechanical parameter acquisition. It presents a pioneering approach, essential for addressing similar challenges in the mining sector.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Potential Impacts of Zone-Specific Mining on Karst

márton veress — 12-04-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Advancements in Sustainable Membrane Technologies for Enhanced Remediation and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

bolanle t. akinyemi — 11-23-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages undefined: Seasonal Variations in $\mathbf{P M}_{2.5}$ Carbon Components: A Case Study

hong cui — 11-23-2023

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the carbon components in $\mathrm{PM}_{2.5}$ particulate matter in Linfen City for the year 2020. Utilizing the thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) method, the mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in $\mathrm{PM}_{2.5}$ were quantitatively assessed. Findings revealed seasonal variations in the concentrations of $\mathrm{OC}$ and EC. Specifically, concentrations in spring were registered at $4.45 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ for OC and $1.03 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ for EC; in summer, these were $3.89 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ and $0.74 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$; in autumn, $6.01 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ and $1.30 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$; escalating significantly in winter to $16.76 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ for OC and $4.24 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^3$ for EC. This seasonal trend highlighted a notable peak in winter, with OC concentrations being 4.31 times, and EC concentrations 5.73 times, those observed in summer. The correlation analysis between OC and EC demonstrated the highest correlation in winter $\left(\mathrm{R}^2=0.961\right)$, suggesting similar sources for these components in the colder months, followed by autumn $\left(\mathrm{R}^2=0.936\right)$ and spring $\left(\mathrm{R}^2=0.848\right)$, with the least correlation observed in summer $\left(\mathrm{R}^2=0.584\right)$. The EC tracer method, employed to estimate secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, indicated a seasonal pattern in SOC levels, with the highest concentrations occurring in winter, thereby suggesting a significant secondary pollution impact during this period. Moreover, the study identified meteorological conditions, particularly long-distance horizontal transport, as a primary influencer of winter pollution levels in Linfen City.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Dynamic Responses of Embankment Dams, Constituted from Varied Soil Types, to Seismic Activity

mohammad shouib anwar khan — 09-29-2023

This research delineates a numerical elucidation concerning the flow through an embankment, utilising PLAXIS2D software, and underscores the pivotal influence of soil composition—encompassing gravel, sand, and clay—on the structural resilience of embankments during seismic events. Different material models, incorporating the UBC3D-PLM for sand and the Hardening Soil (HS) small constitutive models for gravel and clay, were strategically employed to replicate embankment behaviours, ensuring a meticulous simulation of distinct soil types. The objective herein was to scrutinise the impact of dynamic loads and soil typologies on pertinent variables: settlements, lateral displacements, and excess pore water pressure engendered within the embankment. A comprehensive series of 2D finite element models, each representative of a specific soil type, were formulated and subsequently subjected to an earthquake record for dynamic analysis. It was discerned that embankments constituted from sand and gravel exhibited a pronounced settlement under dynamic loads, relative to those formulated from clay, primarily attributable to the absence of cohesion forces, augmented porosity, and diminished energy dissipation efficacy. Such factors render sand and gravel more prone to compression and settlement upon exposure to dynamic loads. Moreover, embankments fabricated from sand were identified to generate superior pore pressures compared to their clay or gravel counterparts, a phenomenon attributable to sand’s compressibility which can engender augmented volumetric strains and initiate pumping phenomena, thereby elevating pore pressures. In contrast, gravel and clay materials demonstrated enhanced drainage capabilities and reduced compressibility, facilitating the proficient dissipation of excess pore pressures.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Morphological Distribution and Phase Composition of Rare Earth Elements in Waste Incineration Fly Ash

hong cui — 09-29-2023

Utilising scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the morphological and phase composition characteristics of waste incineration fly ash were meticulously analysed. Morphological evaluations revealed a predominant presence of irregularly shaped particles, encountering a spectrum of structures inclusive of polycrystalline polymers and amorphous forms. Additional particle shapes encompassed polygons, strips, blocks, and flakes, while a notable high porosity between particles and a markedly rough surface were observed. Despite the scarcity of complete crystals within the ash, the majority manifested as polycrystalline polymers and amorphous forms, indicating the structural complexity intrinsic to waste incineration fly ash. Through the deployment of chemical continuous extraction technology, forms, migrations, and transformation laws pertaining to rare earth elements (REEs) in fly ash were elucidated. In three fly ash samples analysed for REEs, the most abundant state was identified as the residual, succeeded by the Fe-Mn oxide-bound state and minimally, the carbonate-bound state. Amongst all REEs, Ce exhibited the highest prevalence, followed by La, Y, Nd, Gd, and other elements. Furthermore, the source of waste and the respective incineration process markedly influenced REEs content.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Effects of Spacing-to-Burden Ratio and Joint Angle on Rock Fragmentation: An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and AI Approach in Overburden Benches

dasyapu ramesh — 09-27-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Temporal-Spatial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Land Surface Temperatures in Kuta, Bali: An Analysis Using Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery

putu perdana kusuma wiguna — 09-26-2023

In 2020, the world witnessed an unprecedented event: the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to significantly curtailed human activities. This study sought to elucidate the potential spatial ramifications of this on land surface temperatures (LSTs) in the renowned tourist locale of Kuta, Bali, Indonesia. Landsat 8 satellite imagery from 2019-2021, complemented by spatial data from local agencies, was employed for this analysis. LST processing was achieved through the calculation of Spectral Radiance/Top of Atmosphere, Brightness Temperature, and the conversion of Brightness Temperature to actual LST. In 2019, observed LSTs in Kuta District varied from 20.1℃ to over 32℃, with the predominant temperature range being 28.1℃ - 31.99℃, covering an expansive 1487.03 ha or 70.26% of the entire area. By 2020, a notable decline was discerned with temperatures peaking at 27.99 ℃ and the most prevalent temperature range being 24.1℃ - 27.99℃, encompassing an area of 1105.46 ha (52.23%). Contrarily, 2021 experienced an upswing, with the apex temperature touching 31.99℃, and the dominant temperature bracket being 28.1℃ - 31.99℃, spanning 974.90 ha (46.06%). A discernable correlation was identified between tourism activities and LST fluctuations, with temperature reductions conspicuous in zones endowed with tourism amenities.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages undefined: Simulation of Flood Hazard Risk for Naban Reservoir Safety Management: A Comprehensive Assessment

cheng zhong — 08-01-2023

Safety of reservoir dams remains pivotal for societal stability, underscoring the significance of efficient emergency management strategies. This investigation focuses on Naban Reservoir, where the BREACH model was employed to simulate potential dam failures. By integrating one-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling approaches, a mathematical representation was developed to scrutinize flood progression in the adjacent region. Correlation coefficients for the devised model ranged from 0.945 to 0.986, with relative errors of -13.72%, -0.23%, -17.41%, and -15.44%. Comparisons indicated that observed flow rates align closely with simulated rates. Notably, significant land slippages surrounding the reservoir were not detected, implying that an enhanced downstream surge due to an upstream collapse is unlikely. Nevertheless, a breach in the main dam could result in catastrophic outcomes for downstream zones, particularly affecting infrastructure and communities along the Shangsi and Zaimiao Basins. Critical observation zones, such as Siyang Town in Shangshi County, Zaimiao Town in Shangshi County, and Nakan Town in Ningming County, were identified, emphasizing the need for enhanced precautionary measures to safeguard human lives, property, and societal stability. This research has paved the way for a novel flood early warning system tailored for the Naban Reservoir, ensuring timely predictions and alerts. Such advancements augment the disaster prevention capacity, offering valuable insights for mitigating risks in small to medium-sized reservoirs.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations and Potential Health Risks Across Varied Land-Use Zones in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria

samson i. emumejakpor — 06-29-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Quantifying Plastic Waste and Microplastic Contamination in African Aquatic Systems: An Imperative for Sustainable Waste Management

rapheal oceng — 06-28-2023

Escalating issues pertaining to the disposal of plastic waste have emerged as an alarming global concern, underscored by the environmental infiltration of fragmented plastic materials into terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric systems. This predicament is notably amplified within the African continent, where rudimentary waste management infrastructures exacerbate the situation. This review dissects the prevalence, abundance, and distribution of plastic litter and microplastics within diverse environmental compartments (namely, sediments, water bodies, and biota) across Africa. Detailed analysis of existing research findings highlights concentrations of plastic debris and microplastics, identifying the predominant types of polymers and shapes of particles present. It is observed that most African research endeavours have primarily concentrated on microplastics, albeit macroplastics or plastic litter posing substantial challenges as well. Marine environments have been the predominant focus of these studies, with freshwater ecosystems relatively understudied. The geographical focal points of these research efforts were primarily South Africa, Tunisia, and Nigeria. Conversely, a glaring lack of comprehensive studies addressing plastic pollution within terrestrial and atmospheric systems calls for urgent research attention. Documented evidence of plastic ingestion by diverse aquatic and terrestrial fauna, including insects, fish, birds, molluscs, and arthropods, reaffirms the pervasive nature of the problem within African water bodies. An evaluation of existing literature identifies polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene as the most common types of plastics present within both freshwater and coastal systems. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of these studies failed to adequately characterize the identified plastics, thus obstructing the identification of potential sources. Consequently, it is imperative that future investigations prioritize polymer identification, which can facilitate the development and implementation of efficacious strategies for mitigating plastic pollution and curtailing environmental leakage of plastics.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Exploring the Potential and Challenges of Electrochemical Processes for Sustainable Waste Water Remediation and Treatment

olusola d. ogundele — 06-28-2023

Emerging as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound approach, electrochemical treatment methods hold significant promise for sustainable remediation and wastewater treatment. This review elucidates recent progress in electrochemical techniques used for site decontamination and wastewater management. It elucidates the fundamental electrochemical processes, detailing the principles of electrocoagulation, electroflocculation, electrochemical membranes, electrochemical oxidation (EO), and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The broad applicability of these methods for contaminant removal, inclusive of heavy metals, organic pollutants, complex organic compounds, and suspended particulate matter, is underscored. Notwithstanding, the adoption of these techniques encounters notable challenges. These involve the heterogeneity of soil conditions, the presence of intricate contaminant mixtures, and the risk of electrode fouling and degradation. Suggestions for overcoming such challenges include refining the comprehension of electrochemical treatment processes in field-scale applications, investigating innovative electrode materials, and developing advanced modeling and simulation tools. This review offers a robust overview of electrochemical treatment strategies for sustainable wastewater management and can guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers towards the successful adoption and implementation of these techniques to meet environmental challenges and foster sustainable water management.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Seismic Capacity Using Finite Element Analysis: A Case Study of Murum Powerhouse

syed ameer yazid bin wan abdul aziz — 06-28-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages undefined: Stability Analysis of Gentle Dip Thick Ore Body Mining Based on the Integration of SURPAC-FLAC^3D

hongjian liu — 06-08-2023

Issues of large exposed roof area, poor stability, and significant roof support workload are prevalent in the mining of metal ores with gently inclined thick bodies. In response to these challenges, a downward cemented fill mining method has been proposed to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock and filling body. By integrating SURPAC and FLAC3D software, a three-dimensional numerical model that conforms to the actual geological morphology of the mining area was established. Numerical calculation results indicate that after the first stage of ore body excavation, the surrounding rock settlement mainly occurs in the roof and the hanging wall of the -65m level, with the hanging wall settlement primarily concentrated between the 3rd and 4th vertical exploration lines. The filling body demonstrates a weak compressive stress capacity, leading to a gradual transition of compressive stress to the surrounding rock of the mine stope. As the excavation level increases, the compressive stress on the pillars also increases, forming a compressive stress concentration area at the -65m level. A mixed plastic zone of shear and tension is generated in the roof and hanging wall, while a shear plastic zone is present in the inter-pillar area. The findings of this study offer valuable insights to ensure the safety of mining in gently inclined thick ore bodies.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Progressive Failure Characteristics and Failure Symptoms of Straight-Walled Arched Sandstone Tunnels

peiyuan xu — 03-30-2023

In order to investigate the development process of crack formation in shallow-buried sandstone tunnel, biaxial compression tests were conducted on a similar model of the real straight-walled arched sandstone tunnel. The results indicate that the initial crack appeared at the arch line on both sides of the tunnel and propagated downwards, eventually leading to spalling of the rock mass on the surface of the tunnel, forming a V-shaped groove. Additionally, slab cracks were observed in the straight wall on the right side of the tunnel, which were approximately parallel to the vertical load. The failure characteristics of the tunnel were closely related to the fractal dimension of the crack geometry distribution. During the tunnel compaction and elastic deformation stage, the fractal dimension of the cracks in the tunnel surface increased linearly, while during the crack propagation stage, the fractal dimension increased gradually, with a sudden increase occurring just before the rock mass reached its peak load. The acoustic emission results revealed that AE ringing counts and amplitude were inactive during the first 4239 seconds of the test. And they only increased during the crack propagation stage. The continuous decrease of the b-value and the sudden increase of the fractal dimension of cracks can serve as a reliable precursor of tunnel failure.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Impact of Climate Disasters on Railway Infrastructure: Case Study of Northeast India

stabak roy — 03-30-2023

Climate disasters have become increasingly frequent in India, severely affecting the railway infrastructure every year. Physical damages to railway tracks, bridges, and signaling systems, caused by floods, cyclones, and landslides, are well documented. However, the impact of these disasters on the railway infrastructure was beyond direct physical damages. This paper aimed to explore the impact of climate disasters on railway infrastructure in Northeast India using case study approach. Three cases were studied to analyse the impact of climate disasters on railway infrastructure, including geological disasters and extreme weather. Infrastructure development and operation of railway transport system in Assam, Mizoram, and Manipur proved to be challenging, especially when coping with natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. This paper found that disruption of railway services was associated with geo-physical structure of the region, which triggered the disaster vulnerability. The results showed that climate disasters had a significant impact on railway infrastructure in Northeast India in many aspects. Formulation and implementation of strategic policies might reduce the disaster risks. Therefore, policymakers and Ministry of Railways, Government of India should consider this possible probability approach over environmental determinism.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Water Resources Protection and Water Management Framework in Western Balkan Countries in Drina River Basin

vidomir obradovic — 03-30-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Evaluation of Post-Earthquake Geological Environment Carrying Capacity Based on AHP-GIS Coupled Analysis Method

huan chen — 03-30-2023

Pingwu County, located in the north of Sichuan Province, China, was severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. The county is part of the Fujiang river basin, and a large number of earthquake-induced geological hazards have developed in the area since the earthquake. Post-earthquake reconstruction in key towns and regional development is important and requires a scientific evaluation of the geological environment’s carrying capacity. In this study, geographic information system (GIS) - analytic hierarchy process (AHP) coupled analysis method is used to combine the post-earthquake geological environment background, disaster point distribution, and social development in the area to construct an evaluation system of geological environment carrying capacity based on ten evaluation indicator layers of geological environment, ecological environment and social environment. The weight of each evaluation indicator is calculated using the AHP analysis method, and the carrying capacity of the geological environment in Pingwu County for each GIS grid is calculated, thereby obtaining a division map for carrying capacity. The results of the evaluation show that the geological environment carrying capacity of the Pingwu County is balanced (critical overload) and surplus (not overloaded). Further, no overload condition is present, and the distribution of loading is related to human construction. In general, the carrying capacity of an area is low in areas with a high degree of construction and other related activities. Based on the evaluation results of the carrying capacity of the geological environment, this study provides suggestions for optimizing the construction of the central area of Pingwu County, controlling the scale of regional construction, maintaining the original nature of ecological species in the natural reserve area and prohibiting development and transformation, and providing a clear direction of development for the post-earthquake development planning of this area.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Identification of Areas with Significant Flood Risks in Counties along the Danube River in Serbia and Their Risk Assessment

ana vulevic — 03-30-2023

Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Application and Analysis of Microbial Spray Filtering in Environmental Exhaust Gas Treatment

yang liao — 11-14-2022

Due to a number of circumstances, grain depots will emit exhaust gases that are harmful to the environment and the health of the surrounding population in addition to being complex in composition and challenging to manage. In order to cope with environmental exhaust gases, this work integrates microbial spray filtering with an exhaust gas treatment equipment. The authors ran simulations of the mixture of exhaust gases and the microbial solution using COMSOL Multiphysics at various pipe diameters, initial nozzle distances, nozzle number, and nozzle intervals. The findings indicate that the pipe diameter should be 300mm, the starting nozzle distance should be 290mm, there should be five nozzles, and the nozzle interval should be 200mm to obtain the optimal mixing of exhaust gases and the microbial solution. The study offers a useful guide for microbial deodorization.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Negative Externalities of Railway Station on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from Tripura, India

stabak roy — 11-14-2022

The development of railways brings many positive externalities, such as the expansion of built environment, the growth of feeder roads, the rise of passenger mobility, and the creation of economic opportunities for locals. In the meantime, the railway transport system exerts some negative externalities on environmental sustainability, which intensifies climate change. This paper assesses the negative externalities of railway transport through the changing dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC). The spatial regression model was calibrated to understand the degree of these externalities. In addition, a prediction model was constructed based on machine learning techniques like cellular automata and Markov chain. The study reveals that the development of railway stations in Tripura, India has significant negative externalities on the environment.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Tendencies in Land Use and Land Cover in Serbia Towards Sustainable Development in 1990-2018

ana vulevic — 11-14-2022

The overuse of natural resources by humanity in recent decades has resulted in noticeable changes environment quality. Global environmental research is particularly interested in the topics of land use change and land cover. The Republic of Serbia has a diverse spectrum of landforms, with agricultural use taking up the largest portions, followed by forestry, water, and building land. Significant anthropogenic pressures (such as mining, deforestation, urbanization, and uncontrolled land use, among other things) have harmed Serbia's natural resources over the past two decades. This study examines the causes of specific trends in land-use change in Serbia, utilizing the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database to track temporal and spatial changes in the major categories of land use and land cover from 1990 to 2018. The authors explained that focusing on the rational use of natural resources is the only way to promote sustainable development, legal alignment with EU law, and prompt adoption of harmonized laws and planning documents across all sectors.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Allocation of Promising Objects for a Group of Deposits in the Karagay Saddle

mansiya yessenamanova — 11-14-2022

This work completes the thorough petrophysical interpretation of 46 wells, as well as a technical feasibility analysis. Even though the acoustic logging was of very poor quality, work was done to get it ready for use in creating synthetic seismograms that accurately represented the section. The sle.28 Karagie Severny, which was drilled in 2012 and has significantly better GIS quality, was used to control this operation. Through a dynamic analysis, the shooting system's (footprint) influence on the distribution of the amplitudes at the Karagie Severny site was not eliminated during data processing, but it was removed during the re-processing. As a result, the findings for Karagie Severny should be taken with a grain of salt because the initial data's quality was not considered when choosing the sites for the suggested wells. However, the seismic facies analysis in two forms—classical and cluster—showed the presence of at least three primary facies complexes, which are reflected in both formed, with a more precise distribution in accordance with cluster analysis.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Mining Subsidence Monitoring Based on InSAR Method Fusing Multi-threshold Target

zezhou liu — 11-14-2022

In view of the limitations of traditional InSAR technology in selecting stable target point for orbit refining and surface subsidence inversion in complicated mining area, this paper proposes a time-series InSAR mining area subsidence monitoring method based on the fusion of multi threshold targets. On the basis of the traditional technology, the deviation threshold parameters, the regional window threshold parameters and the coherence threshold parameters are set to extract the relatively stable target points on the ground. Applying this method and traditional InSAR method to practical cases, the monitoring results of surface subsidence in the study area are obtained and verified. The results show that: (1) there are three mining subsidence areas in the mining area, the maximum annual average subsidence rate is -156 mm/a, and the maximum subsidence is -376 mm. Compared with the optical image data, the location of the mining subsidence area is consistent with the mining work area of the coal mine; (2) The absolute average difference of subsidence in the mining area using the two methods shall not exceed 12 mm. It shows that the InSAR method of fusing multi threshold targets can not only effectively overcome the limitations of traditional InSAR, but also ensure high accuracy, and has more advantages in the monitoring of surface subsidence in mining areas.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Common Mistakes and Their Fixes in Earthquake-Resistant Buildings

luca piancastelli — 11-14-2022

The primary way to design building structures refers to the stationary loads specified by the governing laws. However, the load pattern does not guarantee the appropriateness of the seismic design. To make matters worse, old or ancient structures are traditionally reinforced for gravitational loads. This study reveals that the traditional reinforcement, in most cases, harms the seismic performance of buildings. The authors introduced the approach of most computer programs for seismic design, along with their limitations. Then, the ancient Roman approach was explained, and the reasons for the survival of many of these ancient structures were exposed thoroughly. After that, classical advices were summarized briefly for good seismic design of structures and reinforcement. Finally, a few classical mistakes were identified in reinforcement design.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Comparing Artificial Neural Networks with Multiple Linear Regression for Forecasting Heavy Metal Content

rachid el chaal — 11-14-2022

This paper adopts two modeling tools, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), to predict the concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, boron, and manganese) in surface waters of the Oued Inaouen watershed flowing towards Inaouen, using a set of physical-chemical parameters. XLStat was employed to perform multiple linear and nonlinear regressions, and Statista 10 was chosen to construct neural networks for modeling and prediction. The effectiveness of the ANN- and MLR-based stochastic models was assessed by the determination coefficient (R²), the sum squared error (SSE) and a review of fit graphs. The results demonstrate the value of ANNs for prediction modeling. Drawing on supervised learning and back propagation, the ANN-based prediction models adopt an architecture of [18-15-1] for zinc, [18-11-1] for manganese, and [18-8-1] for boron, and perform effectively with a single cached layer. It was found that the MLR-based prediction models are substantially less accurate than those based on the ANNs. In addition, the physical-chemical parameters being investigated are nonlinearly correlated with the levels of heavy metals in the surface waters of the Oued Inaouen watershed flowing towards Inaouen.

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Acadlore Transactions on Geosciences, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages undefined: Editorial to the Inaugural Issue