This article provides a new approach to the comparison of the performance of low-cost, efficient, and stable silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells. The design convention becomes challenging due to the absorption and current mismatching of the used antireflection coating layer with device sub-layers. The electrical properties of the proposed devices were analyzed in the presence of zinc oxide and silicon dioxide anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer, by adopting COMSOL 5.6 simulation software. These monolithically designed single junction solar cells of distinct materials with various band gaps and diverse spectral characteristics furnish the best efficiency with impressive degradation in reflection losses. The wideband antireflection layers are used to reduce reflection losses by reducing the refractive index towards the top surface of the photovoltaic cells. Simulation results provide the optimized values of the parameters of the devices within the range of 200-1200nm wavelength. At a thickness of 0.5µm zinc oxide, silicon solar cell and gallium arsenide solar cell provides efficiency of 16.85% and 10.69% respectively. Deposition of silicon dioxide on zinc oxide enhances the power efficiency to 16.89% and 10.7% respectively. A set of figures including maximum voltage, maximum current, conversion efficiency, short circuit current, and fill factor are presented. This article represents the use of zinc oxide and silicon dioxide antireflection layers with their optimum thickness can provide a better improvement in the device's performance.

The significance of modeling the process of implementing state policy for energy security and environmental protection lies in its potential to guide effective decision-making. The purpose of the article is to determine the main objectives of the state policy to ensure the energy security and environmental protection. The object of the study is the system for ensuring the energy supply and energy security. The scientific task is to model the process of implementing an effective state policy to ensure the energy security and environmental protection and calculate the most optimal way to supply energy to cities in the EU. The research methodology involves the use of ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) and Linear Programming methods. ERD is used to visually organize and structure the complex data associated with energy supply systems and environmental policies, highlighting the interrelationships and dependencies between various elements. As a result of using the above methodology, a scheme for implementing state policy in the field of energy security and environmental protection was formed, the most optimal method of energy use was calculated, and also, based on the generated calculation models, a recommendation list was proposed for optimizing modern state policy in the field of energy security and environmental protection. The results of the study fully fulfill the tasks and goals. The novelty of the article is revealed in the proposed methodological approach to the presentation of the system for optimizing modern state policy in the field of energy security and environmental protection. In the future, it is planned to expand the list of elements of the scheme for state policy in the field of energy security and environmental protection and unify existing mathematical calculations for other countries. The methodological approach’s novelty lies in its unique integration of ERD and Linear Programming to address a highly relevant and complex issue-balancing energy security with environmental protection. This approach differs from existing literature.

In light of the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) 2020 special report, which estimates the global capacity for carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage to range between 8,000 and 55,000 gigatons, the imperative to enhance carbon storage efficiency and develop superior distribution systems has never been more critical. This investigation focuses on the optimization of adsorption-based carbon storage units through a comprehensive systems analysis, employing the finite element method within the COMSOL Multi-physics™ framework to devise a two-dimensional axisymmetric model that integrates energy, mass, and momentum conservation principles in accordance with thermodynamic constraints. The analysis entails examining the charging and discharging processes of the storage unit under a designated pressure of 9 MPa and an initial temperature of 302 K, with refrigeration provided by ice water. Findings from the simulation underscore the significance of observing pressure and temperature fluctuations during operational phases, revealing higher temperatures in the central region of the tank at the end of the charging cycle, contrasted with lower temperatures upon discharge completion. Moreover, a gradient in velocity is observed, diminishing from the entry point along the tank’s axis. The study underscores the feasibility of storing significantly more CO₂ than the 100 Gt projected by the IEA’s “sustainable development” scenario by 2055, with land-based storage potential notably surpassing offshore capacities. The research advances by developing a predictive model for a novel CO₂ adsorbent throughout the adsorption-desorption cycle, encompassing all relevant transport phenomena. This model is validated against extant data for H₂ storage, facilitating predictions of pressure and temperature variations across different tank locations. This work not only contributes to the field by enhancing the understanding of thermal effects within carbon storage units but also emphasizes the role of advanced modeling techniques in bolstering environmental protection efforts through improved liquid carbon storage solutions.

This study presents a novel generation theory based on FSPV system together with grid integration in Chhattisgarh state. In this study four regions mainly two industries and two local loads have been chosen to evaluate the results. There is availability of nearby water sources at the selected sites. The technical, economical and environmental aspects of a proposed FSPV-grid tied system is analyzed in the same selected regions of Chhattisgarh and the results are compared with an existing grid-only system. The entire system of four major sites in the state are simulated using HOMER energy, powered by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), United States. At the moment, all of the selected systems are powered by the grid-only system, and data has been collected for the same. The results of HOMER energy are further classified based on economic parameters such as NPC, LCOE, operating cost, system cost and paybacks. The second category includes technical parameters such as production proportion whereas, the third category includes environmental parameters of pollutants and water saving. The obtained results show that the FSPV-grid system as compared to grid-only system’s NPC is reduced to 27%, 7.03%, 10.76%, 12.13%, LCOE is reduced to 69%, 27.8%, 44%, 44.6%, with paybacks of 10.11 years, 12.28 years, 11.99 years, and 12.21 years and IRRs of 8.8%, 7.7%, 8%, 7.7% respectively by following the production proportions of 77.7% and 22.3%, 54.2% and 45.8%, 65.2% and 34.8%, and 65% and 35% from FSPV and grid system, Also, CO₂ emissions were reduced by 44.6%, 38.06%, 40.62%, and 41.23% compared to the grid-only system for all four selected sites in this study, which can help the attached industries and local loads gain carbon credit points.

The global shift towards renewable energy sources is driven by the desire for a sustainable energy future. Integrating intermittent renewable sources and maintaining grid stability are obstacles that must be overcome to achieve this goal, which is why grid stability and energy storage systems are being investigated in this study using Energy PLAN simulation. This study conducts a thorough analysis of energy storage solutions necessary to support Japan’s energy landscape shift to renewable electricity. It offers a comprehensive analysis considering technological, environmental, and policy aspects to evaluate the applicability, difficulties, and potential of renewable electricity. Technical factors emphasize how critical it is to maintain grid balance and consider scalability and technology compatibility with Japan’s distinct energy infrastructure. Economic analyses examine revenue streams, levelized storage prices, investment needs, and cost-benefit evaluations to shed light on the viability and appeal of technologies for storing energy from an economic standpoint. The goal of synthesizing these several characteristics is to provide policymakers, and energy stakeholders participating in Japan’s ambitious journey towards renewable electricity with strategic insights, practical recommendations, and a roadmap. This study aims to steer Japan’s energy landscape towards resilience, sustainability, and diversification by establishing links between imperatives, economic feasibility, and technical breakthroughs.

This study presents a new radiative cooling method to mitigate the radiation effect on a photovoltaic panel using a glass cover consisting of two glass panels. The gap between the perfectly sealed glass layers is filled with Argon gas as a heat suppressant. The assessment of the new proposed idea is performed experimentally and numerically. An experimental setup has been designed and fabricated to measure the required parameters for the system performance evaluation. The research parameters included design parameters such as the gap height between the glass layers at 10, 15, 20 and 25 mm. The tests were performed on various solar irradiances over the day. The output voltage, current, and temperatures at various locations were also recorded to permit performance evaluation. The investigations were extended by computational simulation to visualize the thermal situation at various design parameters. The results showed that there was a decrease in the panel surface temperature of the photovoltaic panels after adding the glass cover. By installation of the double glassing cover with a 20 mm gap, the surface temperature was reduced by between 5℃–9℃. Such temperature reduction demonstrates the success of the novel idea of an Argon-filled double-glassing cover. The maximum efficiency was increased to 14.2% for a panel with the added radiative cooler compared to 12.1% for a regular panel without cover under the same operating conditions.

The ideal altitude angle for evacuated tube solar collectors, taking into account factors such as solar radiation availability, geographical location, seasonal variations, and collector tilt, is taken into account in this comparative analysis. This study focuses on obtaining the best thermal energy that can be obtained from the falling sunlight to increase the thermal efficiency of the solar collector. This model uses a Cartesian direction model (x, y, and z) and mathematical ordering methods to generate a 3D model. COMSOL 5.6 is then utilized to link the framework with mathematics and simulate the case. Solar radiation increases from March to June, peaking from 5–6 a.m. to 18–19 p.m. during the summer. The highest solar evaluation and azimuth occurred at 12 hV in the south direction. Temperature has a major impact on the performance of water heaters and vacuum tube solar collectors. The specific tilt angle analyzed is 40 degrees. The location where the analysis was done is Baghdad. The optimal tilt angle was found at 25° at the start of the day and reached 40° at 12 p.m. The best case was reached when the angle was 40 degrees. The magnitude of efficiency improvements was seen; the value of efficiency reached 78% compared to other cases. Where the difference is between it and the angle of 0 degrees altitude, at which the efficiency rate reached 64%, the amount of improvement is 14%.