Heavy metals that are derived from the markets of Anbar Governorate, Iraq, including oranges, tangerines, lemons, Sindhi, and grapefruits. After cleaning and drying, the samples were subjected to digestion with concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acids. The concentrations of iron, chrome, nickel, copper, cadmium and lead were then determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. While most minerals were within the international authorized range of 0.1% to 0.3%, as determined by the FAO/WHO, some citrus types had concentrations that were greater than this range. Statistical analysis was employed to interpret the results. The results of the study demonstrated that the majority of the observed concentrations of all of the minerals examined were less than the maximum allowable concentrations, which were set by the FAO/WHO. As a result, these minerals are considered safe to consume. However, some minerals were documented to be present in some citrus plants that were gathered from the markets of Anbar Province exceeding the authorized limits.

Climate change presents a peril to worldwide sustainability. Evaluating research activities on sustainability reports in the context of climate change is crucial for policymakers and investors to provide information on environmental and business risks. This study is aimed to contribute to the literature by providing a comprehensive review of research endeavors pertaining to sustainability reports within the framework of climate change. A bibliometric methodology was applied by utilizing the Scopus database to analyze data from 2017 to 2024. The search technique employed a title/abstract search using specific keywords pertaining to sustainability reports and climate change. The search query yielded a total of 1412 documents. During the study period, there was a noticeable rise in the number of publications. The top five author keywords were sustainability, sustainability development, sustainability reporting, CSR, and climate change in the final position. The journal sustainability (Switzerland) ranked first in terms of publication productivity. However, in terms of citations, Journal of Cleaner Production is the most cited journal. In terms of collaboration, Italy has the highest percentage of documents in collaboration with international and local authors. India and UK have the highest percentage of collaboration with local and international authors, respectively. This study underlines the urgency of sustainability reporting as a benchmark for evaluating companies in addressing global issues, specifically focusing on climate change.

In the past, studies that investigated pollution levels in developing countries showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) compounds are commonly present in the environment. Oil refineries (ORs) were a significant source of pollution that impacted public health. In this study, the researchers have determined the PAH and TPH levels in the OR staff working at these organisations as they are constantly exposed to pollution. For this purpose, they determined the PAH and TPH levels in the serum samples collected from 70 OR workers (polluted group, PG) and 70 healthy individuals (control group, CG). They also assessed the impact of PAHs and TPHs on their lipid profile (LP) and liver function (LF). The results indicated that the blood PAH and TPH levels in the PG individuals were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to CG. Furthermore, the PG individuals also displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) Total Cholesterol (TC), very LDL (VLDL), and triglyceride levels than the CG individuals. They also showed significantly (P<0.05) high Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to CG. On the other hand, the PG individuals exhibited lower High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels in comparison to the CG individuals. The workers included in the PG group also showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in their Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels than those in CG. However, the Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) levels showed non-significant (P>0.05) variations in both groups. To conclude, it was noted that the PG individuals showed higher toxicity due to PAHs and TPHs since they were constantly exposed to higher pollutant concentrations compared to CG, which also affected their LP.

In an era when environmental issues are a major concern, it is important to understand the variations in the effectiveness of ecological citizenship teaching materials in various educational contexts to improve environmental learning outcomes scientifically. This research aims to analyze the influence of ecological citizenship teaching materials to increase environmental awareness comprehensively. The research method used was quantitative meta-analysis. The eligible criteria of the articles included: (1) must have relevant topics; (2) have empirical research results; (3) have a value of (r), (t), or (F); (4) N ≥ 20; (5) the articles utilize internationally recognized languages; (6) are indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, SINTA and Copernicus; and (7) can be searched in the online international journal search database. The software used in this research was JASP 0.8. The research results showed that (1) the heterogeneity test showed significant heterogeneity; (2) The intercept value obtained results reaching 0.814 with a strong influence category after the summary effect size test was carried out; (3) the potential for bias was not visible and there was no potential for other factors to influence the findings after the publication bias test was carried out. This study concluded that ecological citizenship teaching materials had a strong influence on increasing environmental concern attitudes.

This research examines the concentrations of heavy metals in dust collected from indoor and outdoor environmental settings in selected residential areas of Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The metals investigated are iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu). The metal concentrations in dust samples were determined and the level of environmental risk was measured using the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Contamination Factor (CF). The outcomes of the study reveal that Fe and Mn pollution levels are higher than the acceptable standards while the environmental impacts are relatively low owing to natural element occurrences. Zn and Pb, however, exhibited moderate to high contamination, particularly in indoor environments, with Pb concentrations far exceeding WHO and USEPA permissible limits, indicating a significant health risk. Cu contamination was minimal across all sites. The study underscores the importance of mitigation efforts, particularly for Pb and Zn, to reduce exposure risks in residential areas. It suggests that one should practice systematic surveillance and specific actions to control the levels of heavy metals, especially indoors.

UM is a higher education institution (PTN) that is consistent with the values of sustainable and prosperous life, as well as the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 6 UI Green Metric indicators One of the wishes which it wants to become are managing and administrating plastic waste in UM. The objectives to identify plastic waste management strategies at UM, and create social innovations that incorporate environmental volunteers on strategies for plastic waste management using the Green Campus Model. The method used in this research is development with the data collection by questionnaires, interview, observation, documentation and forum group discussion (FGD). Results were evaluated by quantitative expression statistically as tabulation, percentile and SWOT analysis. It is also a sign that the plastic waste interventions conducted on UM are rather effective, with 90% of strategy successfully implemented and managed to reduce 30% plastic waste in one year. In collaboration with the head of family, the head of garden head of public lecture building general Faculty sub-section, cleaning floor team, cleaning room team (outsource), environmental volunteer team intra-campus student organizations and Malang City Waste Bank as well as related small businesses. Although the study has achieved a lot of success, the extensive proportions increase in participant knowledge and experience with additional mentoring to increased implementation effectiveness.

This study investigates the growing trend of livestream purchasing, with a focus on eco-friendly products. By examining perceived usefulness, green self-brand connection, green information credibility, and perceived ease of use, the research aims to uncover the drivers of consumer intentions to engage in livestream shopping for environmentally friendly items. The study collected data from 690 Chinese customers through a questionnaire and employed structural equation modeling for analysis. Results indicated that green self-brand connection significantly influenced perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intentions to purchase eco-friendly products via livestream. Furthermore, green information credibility positively moderated relationships between perceived usefulness, green self-brand connection, and livestream shopping intentions for eco-friendly products, though it did not moderate the relationship between perceived ease of use and shopping intentions. The research contributes to the literature by uniquely combining green self-brand connection, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, green information credibility, and livestream shopping intentions within an eco-friendly product context. The introduction of green information credibility as a moderating variable offers new insights into its impact on the relationships between the other factors and livestream shopping intentions for sustainable products.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a fundamental problem in today’s urban environments, as its composition and quantity are constantly shifting due to many different influences. Sustainable waste management solutions could not be developed without reliable estimates of future waste generation. Predicting the amount of waste generated might assist authorities with decision-making and new technological approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning. In this study, a stacking ensemble of three models, namely, Grid Search Optimized XGBoost (GSO-XGBoost), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Random Forest (RF) was proposed. The proposed MSW-DeepStack model outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms by obtaining the highest R² values ranging between 0.61 and 0.9. Furthermore, the MSW-DeepStack model obtained the lowest error rates: MAPE (0.1%-10.6%), MAE (0.0163-0.1182), RMSE (0.0014-0.1225), and ME (0.0022-0.213). The proposed MSW-DeepStack model has superior results compared to the state-of-the-art models, thereby demonstrating its efficiency and sturdiness. Further, the proposed model predicted that Singapore would generate around seven million metric tons of MSW by 2030. This estimation would aid in improving the MSW management methods and assist the authorities in making well-informed choices by shedding light on long-term trends in waste production.

This study aims to analyze the development of literature related to green politics using a bibliometric approach, with data sources obtained from the Scopus database. Green politics has become an important topic amid the increasing urgency of the global climate crisis, with a focus on sustainability, environmental protection, and ecological justice. The world is concerned with green politics as it relates to the lives of the next generation. The research method involved using VOSviewer software to visualize research trends and key themes in the literature of green politics. Data was collected from articles published between 2020 and 2024 using the keyword "green politics", which included 674 articles. The results show that there are six main clusters in green politics studies, namely: climate change, party politics, sustainability, urban planning, environmental movement, and environmental politics. The analysis reveals that climate change is the most dominant theme, followed by party politics sustainability, and sustainability. This research provides important insights into the dynamics and direction of green politics research, and offers a thematic map that can assist researchers in finding future research gaps. The findings can also serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating more effective and equitable sustainability strategies and environmental policies.

This study investigates the factors driving continuous usage intention and brand advocacy for eco-friendly footwear made from recycled materials. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 271 respondents, primarily Millennials and Gen Z, who engage in running and golf. The model examines the impact of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, and brand competence on brand-related outcomes, with brand ambassador credibility, brand activism, self-brand congruence, and mindful consumption as mediators. Findings reveal significant relationships among all variables, with environmental knowledge emerging as the strongest predictor of brand activism. Furthermore, brand activism significantly influences mindful consumption, underscoring the role of activism in fostering sustainable consumer behaviors. These results highlight the importance of brand activism and credibility in shaping brand loyalty and sustainability perceptions among eco-conscious consumers. The implications offer valuable insights for brands aiming to enhance their advocacy and engagement strategies in the sustainable footwear market.

Sidenreng Rappang Regency’s road infrastructure development offers a fantastic chance to enhance community welfare by promoting accessibility and mobility and bolstering regional economic development. To reduce adverse effects on the environment and guarantee the sustainability of natural resources for future generations, this study must, nevertheless, give prudent management top priority. This study reviews policies and dynamic factors to investigate how the development of road infrastructure in Sidenreng Rappang Regency affects the environment and natural resources. In this study, documentation, interviews, and observation were the methods employed for gathering data. The data used in this study are separated into primary and secondary categories. The study is descriptive and uses a survey method. The study’s conclusions indicate that adverse effects on the environment and natural resources need to be properly managed. Long-Term Impacts: According to research, road infrastructure has a long-term positive impact on people’s economic well-being, especially when it is supported by good maintenance and management policies. These studies highlight the necessity of investing in road infrastructure as a way to improve people’s economic well-being, alleviate poverty, and achieve long-term economic growth. They also emphasize the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to road development that takes into account the environmental and social implications.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management worldwide represents environmental and economic challenges being a source of recycling and recovering of various materials that conserve and rescue different environmental resources and at the same time most of these wastes can be utilized as energy source. This study was designed to assess the process of collecting and disposing of municipal solid wastes generated in various city and countryside districts within Babylon province-Iraq. A total of 20 residential districts were selected, consisting of 15 and 5 districts in Al-Hilla city and countryside, respectively and daily generated MSW per capita/day covering food residues, plastic, paper, can and glass wastes were considered. It was found that the mean capita/day of Al-Hilla city districts was significantly higher than that of countryside ones which were 0.644 ± 0.16 and 0.416 ± 0.12 kg/capita/day, respectively. Also, all generated municipal solid waste components of towns have been recorded as being similarly greater than of the countryside giving a higher percentage of food residues, plastic, paper, can and glass wastes than those of countryside. In both districts, food residues formed the highest percentage of solid waste components followed by plastic and wastes while the lowest percentage was metal can waste and paper waste for town areas. In the countryside areas, the lowest solid wastes component was paper waste followed by aluminum can wastes. Theoretical calculation of these values has shown that expected means of both daily and annually MSW generated in Babylon province were 1,243,089 and 453,727,485 tons, respectively.

Environmental education plays a crucial role in developing students' critical awareness, yet effective learning approaches remain a challenge in high schools. This study examines the impact of the Project Based Hybrid Learning (PJBHL) model on developing critical environmental awareness among high school students. The research utilized a quasi-experimental design and included a sample of 66 students from the State Islamic Senior High School (MAN) 5 Jombang, Indonesia. The experimental group engaged in a PJBHL model focused on creating products from recycled plastic materials, while the control group used traditional methods. Data was collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires evaluating critical environmental awareness. Results from independent T-tests and N-Gain analysis revealed that the PJBHL model significantly enhanced students' critical environmental awareness compared to conventional methods. The experimental group showed an increase in all sub-indicators of environmental awareness, with environmental ethics achieving the highest score. The study suggests that the PJBHL model is an effective technique for promoting critical environmental awareness among high school students. This finding offers insights for teachers to enhance environmental education and encourage sustainable activities in high schools.

Shopping bags play a crucial role in daily life, especially for carrying items when shopping for necessities like food, clothing, or other goods. In Indonesia, the use of single-use plastic shopping bags remains high. These plastics often end up in oceans, rivers, or landfills, causing pollution and harming ecosystems. This research aims to develop Denim Eco Bags (DECOBAG) from used denim, combining patchwork, smocking, and macramé techniques. The research method is a development study adopting the 4D procedure by Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel, consisting of four stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research data includes quantitative data collected through questionnaires distributed to users and qualitative data from interviews with main subjects. The results showed that the shopping bag made had excellent aesthetic value, with a percentage of 82%, excellent functionality value, with a percentage of 93%, and excellent suitability value, with a percentage of 88% after revision and modification. The results indicate that the shopping bag is aesthetically pleasing, functions well, and meets user needs after revisions and modifications. This study focuses only on aspects of functionality, aesthetics, and suitability perceived by users. Therefore, future research should focus on other quality aspects that have not been examined, such as durability against washing and sunlight.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental changes, environmental manipulation, and community involvement in IVM on malaria vector control. This article was written using a quantitative approach. The study was conducted from April to August 2024. The population surveyed consisted of all residents of Sukajaya Lempasing Village, Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung. The research location was Sukajaya Lempasing Village, Teluk Pandan District. Purposive sampling is a side sampling method. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula and as many as 70 residents who had had malaria. The data collection technique used a survey, while the data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, outer models, and inner models with SEM-PLS software. The results showed that environmental changes had a positive and significant impact on malaria virus control. Environmental changes significantly increased community participation but did not have a significant effect on home-based malaria control. However, host-based control was not significantly affected by community involvement alone. Environmental modification, either directly or through community engagement, also had no significant impact on host-based malaria control. These results, therefore, suggest that to achieve greater gains, a more holistic and integrated approach is needed that combines environmental manipulation and modification with host-based control strategies. This is a study that is limited to a specific geographic area and population, which may affect how generalizable the results are. Future research may look at applying these strategies more broadly across settings, incorporating longitudinal data to evaluate long-term impacts.

Coffee production has steadily increased each year, leading to rapid growth in the coffee industry. However, this growth has also brought challenges, particularly concerning managing generated waste in processing. The coffee processor faces significant waste management issues associated with green bean processing. To address these challenges, this study focuses on implementing the eco-industry concept, emphasizing process efficiency and waste minimization. Production efficiency is enhanced through the standardization of operations, achieved by developing standard operating procedure (SOP) documents for green bean production. Simultaneously, waste reduction strategies are employed by repurposing wet coffee pulp waste as feed for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae and utilizing dry coffee pulp waste to produce briquette products. The trials of SOP implementation have demonstrated an increase in yield, reaching 15.10% for the natural process and 14.72% for the washed process, indicating improved production efficiency. Using coffee pulp waste as maggot feed has proven effective, degrading approximately 9.9kg of waste per g of maggot egg. Similarly, converting dry coffee pulp waste into briquettes has yielded products meeting quality standards, boasting a calorific value of around 6000cal/g. These initiatives not only enhance product value but also significantly reduce waste output, contributing to sustainable practices within the coffee industry.

This paper examines how renewable energy usage and economic expansion contribute to environmental deterioration in six Arab countries — Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan — within the MENA region over a three-decade period spanning from 1990 to 2020. To reach this objective, we investigate the long-run nexus and short-run dynamic interactions among key variables, including carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂) as an environmental indicator, real gross domestic product (RGDP) as an economic indicator, and renewable energy consumption (REC). This investigation is carried out through a robust econometric approach using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PANEL-ARDL) model, with a particular focus on Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators. The econometric analysis reveals the existence of a long-term interconnected equilibrium among the examined variables. Our empirical research elucidates that, over the long term, renewable energy usage considerably mitigates CO₂ emissions, while economic growth substantially increases these emissions. However, in the short term, fluctuations in economic expansion and renewable energy usage appear to have no significant impact on CO₂ emissions. According to these findings, policymakers in the selected Arab countries must accelerate the adoption of green energy technologies to harness their enduring environmental benefits. Additionally, it is crucial to formulate and implement comprehensive strategies that attenuate the deleterious environmental impact of economic growth.

Environmental education (EE) is crucial for promoting conservation, but its impact on behavior remains under-studied, particularly regarding intergenerational knowledge transfer. This research investigates the effectiveness of EE programs in Palembang, Indonesia, in influencing learners’ and parents’ environmental knowledge and household behaviors related to water conservation. Data were collected from 264 paired parent-teenager surveys across 14 schools, comparing those involved in EE programs focused on water with a control group. Analyses show that EE significantly increased teenagers’ environmental knowledge, which was then transferred to their parents, leading to higher parental knowledge scores. Additionally, households with teenagers who received EE displayed more environmentally responsible water usage behaviors. The findings provide quantitative evidence of the intergenerational impact of EE, highlighting its potential to promote conservation through knowledge transfer and behavior change within families. This study recommended that environmental education can be transferred from children and parents and vice versa which can provide strong support for behavioral change among them in saving nature.