In the literature by spatial accessibility it is meant a measure of spatial equity represented by the ease of travelling from an origin to a destination with a given transport mode. Recent investments in highspeed rail (HSR) systems have brought an increase in accessibility as well as equity issues, which will be discussed in this contribution.

Indeed equity impacts, due to the extension of the HSR network in Italy, are here evaluated through the results of a joint revealed preference/stated preference (RP/SP) survey. In the first part of the questionnaire submitted to Italian travellers, i.e. the RP exercise, socio-economic data about the users together with information concerning their trip have been collected. In the second part of the questionnaire, the SP exercise has been employed. Specifically, nine hypothetical scenarios have been submitted to respondents with the objective of understanding what was the transport mode chosen, within a given context, and to see whether HSR was the preferred alternative (or it was an element of spatial exclusion).

The main policy implications of this study are that investors in HS should take into account not only the economic benefits brought by them, but also the spatial imbalance brought by these systems.

Cheap, fast, comfortable and environmental-friendly – people travelling inter- or multimodal can utilize the advantages of different transport modes by selecting or combining those which best meet their specific requirements in terms of trip purposes or travel patterns. However, there are barriers to inter- or multimodal travel behaviour. Mobility cards such as the WienMobil card might be the solution to break some of them. They enable to use several mobility services and modes of transport. The WienMobil card was introduced in spring 2015 and combines an annual PT ticket and access to both – a bike- and carsharing scheme. Additionally cardholders can use it to pay for taxi rides as well as get discounts for certain services like using the airport express train, for charging electric vehicles and for using urban car park facilities. The impacts of the WienMobil card are currently analysed in the project Guide2Wear using a pre-post-control-group approach. It includes a Web survey and two GPS-tracking periods, each covering an entire week. This article describes the first users of the WienMobil card, the so-called lead users with regard to socio-demographics, their mobility behaviour as well as their mobility-related expectations and requirements. The control group consists of annual PT ticket owners. The lead users are younger, more often male and have an above-average education level. Their mobility behaviour can be marked as more multimodal already before they used the WienMobil card. However, differences are even more pronounced in terms of perceived and real mobility behaviour. Considering attitudes towards public transport, there are no clear group differences.

The growth in container volumes over the last decades means an increase in container handling at terminals around the world. Notwithstanding the economic benefits, container handling causes additional pressure on the surrounding infrastructure and the environment. This is happening precisely at a time when environmental issues, in particular CO2 emissions, are the main concern of the energy and climate change debate. Although not specialized in the field of energy consumption, many policymakers and managers need to make decisions about reducing CO2 emission. This paper provides a six-step approach to make energy consumption (and hence CO2 emissions) easily transparent. The approach is illustrated using the energy consumption of yard lighting. It can be concluded that our first attempt to understand the energy consumption of yard lightning gives promising results that can contribute to an improved benchmark for the CEN EN 16258 standard.

Humanitarian logistics are recognized as significant issues of natural disaster operations and management. This study considers the vital item distribution network models to relieve the large number of surviving victims under their uncertainty by the reason that the post-disaster undergoes fluctuation of demand and imprecise prediction. The purpose of this study is to handle this demand uncertainty with the facility location model and to compare their sensitivity with the deterministic model. The expected results are to explore the location of facilities and optimize transportation link flows in order to minimize total delivery cost, which includes travel, facility and transhipment costs. We propose three distinct network models based on their hierarchy structures and truck sizes to determine the most efficient model with high robustness for both deterministic demand and uncertainty demand. We determine a single hierarchy and double hierarchies of the facility sites; each hierarchy is then distributed by the distinct truck sizes. The two hierarchies with the large truck’s delivery offered preferable objectives; they are robust when demand becomes uncertain or unknown. We solve the problem by the ellipsoidal uncertainty set, which is a novel approach that has never been fully applied so far to solve the facility location. We also estimate the fundamental resource requirements, including the number of trucks and total working time of drivers. Therefore, this study can help the decision maker to plan for post-disaster distribution network and their systems when demand uncertainty occurs.

Real-world testing of a set of modern vehicles show that most petrols meet their Euro standards fornitrous oxides (NOx), while most diesel vehicles exceed them. However, that some diesel vehicles met their Euro standards implies exceedances are not peculiar to the fuel. Likewise, the compliance of the tested petrol vehicles with the standard does not mean all petrol vehicles do. Engine maps were synthesized which reproduced trip level emissions to within 10% of that gathered under real-world driving conditions. Average velocity alone, such as what is used in COPERT, is a poor predictor of emissions. Stepwise linear models showed NOx emissions could be predicted accurately by incorporating other metrics, such as maximum deceleration and the variance of velocity over the driving cycle. The models were validated on three driving cycles where all vehicles met their Euro standards, save Euro 6 diesel vehicles on the US highway cycle. COPERT overestimated NOx from all vehicles. More work is required to combine driving cycle metrics with vehicle characteristics, such as mass and peak engine torque, to identify the conditions under which vehicles exceed their Euro limits.

Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is a commonly used approach for the process of assigning traffic from origin–destination (OD) pairs to actual roadway paths. The amount of computational effort required by the typical DTA application is approximately proportional to the square of the number of OD pairs, so for large networks the level of effort is very large. however, many network questions only involve changing one or a small number of links and therefore do not involve a very large fraction of the whole network. The concept of using a subnetwork to replace a regional network has been often used as a solution to this problem. however, how to define the size of the subnetwork, how large subnetwork is appropriate and how to build a subnetwork have been the questions. This study reviewed the researches which focused on the above questions. Then, based on the literature review, we developed a programme that can automatically build an optimal size of the subnetwork with acceptable error in Visual Interactive System for Transportation algorithms (VISTA), a mesoscopic DTA simulator. This automatic programme makes the process of examining the subnetwork size easy and is expected to have important implications for future research on DTA.

Private transport is associated with conventional cars. Cars pollute, run empty during peak hours, stay idle 95% of the time and are privately owned. Fifteen years from now, the first driverless cars will start hitting the road in large numbers. By then most cars will be electric. If the service-oriented business model takes on momentum, a fleet of unmanned taxis will compete directly with buses and light trains. At that point in time, differences between public and private transport will only be semantic. After all, metro, buses and cars will all be unmanned, electric and managed by a fleet operator. As a consequence, city developers will have problems, justifying subsidies to bus and light vehicle operations. Without these subsidies, buses and light trains will have problems, competing with car transport. Unmanned taxis will cut journey cost by around 60% to 80%. New taxi apps allowing for car sharing will slash cost even further, making unmanned taxi fares unbeatable. Furthermore, driverless taxis will provide better services, picking up and dropping off passengers where they want to rather than stopping at each station. So if unmanned taxis are cheaper and provide better service, what selling arguments are left for buses and light metros? Transport capacity? Not really! In fact, a fleet of unmanned taxis using platooning technology (cars following each other at one-metre distance) and car sharing apps would achieve around 15.000 PPHPD per lane, more than a bus and equal to light train operations.

The potential of reducing greenhouse gases in transport sector attracted different groups to promote electric vehicles (EVs) as a component of sustainable mobility development. However, studies assert that the usage of EV is currently limited mainly to short-distance trips and the users are only those who have the opportunity of charging their car privately at home or workplaces. This research highlights the lack of public charging stations and tries to develop a demand-oriented location model for finding the optimal location of fast charging stations

(FCSs) from a user’s point of view. In urban areas the users can make use of activity time of their daily routine activities such as supermarket shopping for charging the battery of their EVs. Therefore, the proposed location model focuses on the interaction between people’s travel behaviour and urban infrastructure. First, the potential of a facility for installation of FCS is determined by means of its different attributes such as number of attracted motorized individual trips, opening hours and parking lot availability, activity time of users in different facilities in relation to the charging time and synergy effect of closely allied facilities. In the

second step, the study area is zoned and the calculated potential for facilities is transferred to the relevant zones, considering users’ maximum detour acceptance, catchment area of facilities as well as spatial impact of existing charging stations. The input data, which rely mainly on open source and publically accessible data, are analysed and depicted as different georeferenced layers in the geographical information system (ArcGIS Software). The proposed location model aims to cover the growing demand for public FCS of current EV users as well as one step forward to increase the acceptance of electro mobility among potential users.

The debate for the need to align spatial planning, transportation planning and environmental management strategically, functionally and operationally in support of modelling is ongoing internationally since the early 2000s. This incorporates the articulation of the planning instruments used by professionals within these functional fields and the way in which it is coordinated and aligned.

With the approval of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) (Act 16 of 2013) and the SPLUMA Regulations (23 March 2015) in South Africa, the statutory planning legislation framework applicable during the previous political dispensation was reformed and democratized.

In this article the alignment between policy and legislative frameworks, guidelines and processes to support planning and development in spatial systems will be discussed. The approach presented in this article will serve as a guide in planning within developing countries.

The growing global flow of goods, the increasing problem of traffic congestion and the inefficiencies associated with distribution and logistics or the discerning consumers’ high standards for products and delivery services lead to new logistical requirements, for which the model of the ‘Physical Internet’ has emerged as a probable solution. Physical Internet is a novel concept that transforms how physical objects are designed, manufactured and distributed aiming for a radical sustainability improvement. The implementation of the Physical Internet leads to the need to rethink some basic concepts of logistics such as the shift from private supply networks to open supply networks. Therefore, increased collaboration and coordination is necessary. In order to make a productive contribution to the first steps towards the Physical Internet in Austria, this article focuses on the need for horizontal collaborations, which are required to realize the Physical Internet. Moreover, the study explores the views, experiences, beliefs and motivations of transport service providers in Austria in the context of horizontal collaborations and the Physical Internet. A literature research was carried out in a first step. Afterwards interviews with forwarding agencies and logistics service providers were conducted. Findings highlight that barriers such as the fear of antitrust fines or the high administrative input have to be removed to enable close vertical and horizontal collaboration among different logistics companies in Europe, as the vision of the Physical Internet is encouraging a smooth transition from independent supply chains to open global supply networks. The implementation of a Physical Internet in its full expression could probably take decades, but individual elements of it, such as horizontal and vertical cooperation, are a first step towards this vision. Important components of the implementation process are awareness raising and information sharing.

The relation between “urban” and “rural” has changed and developed over the last few decades. The present contribution focuses on how the relationship between these two entities has developed, highlighting how it corresponds to a growing complexity and interdependence among the two. Awareness has increased that to the extent that proper management of these interdependences can contribute to solve problems, increase economic performance and also make a contribution to a higher quality of life in and around urban areas. In this framework, green infrastructures and agriculture practices in urban areas are discussed. The contribution concludes by suggesting strategies and actions for the proper implementation of green infrastructures and urban agriculture practices at regional and local scales.

This work deals with the design of a standalone streetlight provided with a solar panel and a multiple vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) along the structure. A prototype was built and is currently being tested in the Monte Dago campus of the Università Politecnica delle Marche. The ongoing focus of the project is to improve the overall efficiency and the manufacturing details for the industrialization. A battery bank allows delaying the energy delivering from the energy production, while a central process unit on board collects the data from every component in the equipment. This unit allows to monitor the day-by-day efficiency of the energy-lighting system, and to send the information wirelessly with the purpose of integrating into a smart grid-like management platform. The test site includes a meteorological mast, which can measure the weather conditions, such as wind speed and solar radiation. The wind turbines included in the streetlight have been studied from an aerodynamic point of view through an extensive experimental analysis in the wind tunnel. Moreover, the structural design of the wind rotors was carried out together with the security system including a mechanical brake, which prevents the damage of the components during high wind speed conditions. The control of the hybrid energy unit, designed to track the optimal performance, has been analyzed throughout the local wind conditions. Also, it is discussed the effectiveness of this streetlight concept in various climate situations.

The number of disposable molecular diagnostics tests in the IVD market has been growing rapidly and is bound to continue to grow in the near future. The internal complexity of these rapid tests increases with the complexity of the diagnostic assay implemented by them. Some assays require precise tem- perature control (±1°C –5°C) for an extended time (i.e. 15–60 minutes) for the reactions involved to run properly. Microheating components in them must meet strict criteria with respect to power con- sumption, physical size and cost. The proposed finite element model is intended to provide tools for in silico validation of device designs (geometries, structural materials), as well as to help in the interpre- tation of heat transfer processes inside the thermal system present in a molecular diagnostics device. The proposed model was developed for and validated with polyimide etched foil heating elements actively controlled via a mini-thermostat. The thermostat was designed for battery-based operation and implemented with open-source hardware (Arduino-compatible). Plastic test structures were created that emulated disposable Lab-on-a-Chip devices with microfluidic channels to hold liquid volumes on the scale of 0.1 mL. The experimental setup was demonstrated to maintain target temperatures over at least 30 minutes with at least ±1°C around the set point operated from batteries. Physical parameters of the resistive heating element used were fed into the finite element model and simulation results compared to the performance of the aforementioned experimental setup.

The growing use of telecommunication technologies has led the industry to develop infrastructure to support this progress. The outer telecommunications cabinets are part of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) allowing to accommodate and protect from outer adverse conditions, a set of electronic equipment needed to operate the mobile communication network. This kind of cabinets should have a proper thermal performance to ensure indoor air temperature below 55℃ to avoid exceeding the maximum operating temperature of the electronic equipment. This work describes the analysis of the thermal performance of an outdoor telecommunication cabinet (OTC) using the computational tool DesignBuilder. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data collected in real cabinet under normal operating conditions. The simulation results show that the air temperature predicted by the model is closer to the temperature measured experimentally inside the cabinet particularly when the weather data files of the computational model have a similar behavior to the actual weather data. Numerical studies show that the use of mechanical ventilation is effective in the extraction of heat generated inside the cabinet. However, there is a limit beyond which increasing the air flow rate does not result in a significant decrease of the cabinet air temperature. The studies also show the importance of the radiant properties and the geographical location of the cabinet. High values of the outer surface cabinet emissivity impair the thermal performance of the cabinet during the day and for some locations, an operational mechanical ventilation system may not be enough to maintain the indoor air temperature below 55℃. Overall, the use of DesignBuilder proved to be very effective for characterizing the thermal performance of telecommunications outdoor cabinets.

Flame spread along the energized polyethylene (PE) insulated copper wire under low pressure was investigated experimentally to gain a better understanding of electrical wire fire in aircraft and space habitats. Three types of sample wires, with the same insulation thickness and different core diameters, were used in this research study. First, a simplified model was developed to quantitatively explain the impact of lower pressure on the flame propagation over the energized wires. As with the pressure decreased, both of Grashof number (Gr) and Reynolds number (Re) were decreased and the air-flow diffusion played a gradual and dominant role in the combustion process. Mainly caused by the decrease of natural convention, the heat loss turned to be reduced, resulting in the reduction of oxygen flow and the formation of carbon black was inhibited. Second, several experiments were conducted to investigate the flame spread along the energized wires in a walk-in hypobaric chamber. The experimental results showed that, with the decrease of pressure, the flame height was reduced, the flame shape turned to be spherical, and the blue area showed increased. But the flame shape was reduced gradually along the wire, till extinguished when the pressure set out below a critical value. The accumulation of melt insulation increased and the dripping behavior occurred easily under lower pressure. Moreover, the influence of overload current on the flame spreading velocity was also presented. This work was useful for a further study on the fire risk of electrical wires under low pressure.

Two tandem wings undergoing two-dimensional sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal pitch and plunge motions are studied experimentally in a water channel at a chord-based Reynolds number of 10,000. The hindwing operates in the wake of the forewing, and its performance is affected by the vortices shed by the forewing in a tandem wing application. The vortex-wing and vortex-vortex interactions are affected by the changes in the phase angle between the fore and the hind wings. This study investigates how the changes in phase angle between the motions of the two wings play a role on the leading edge vortex (LEV) formations on the hindwing and the resulting effects on the power coefficient and the efficiency. The instantaneous lift and torque are measured by a force sensor; the velocity fields are captured by a digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillations consisting of a pitch leading plunge motion with ϕ = 90° phase angle are used for the fore and hind wing motions. Different phase angles between the fore and hindwings are tested for the tandem configuration in the range of ψ = 0°–360° with an increment of 45°. The pitch pivot point to point distance of two chords was set between the fore and hindwings. It is found that the phase angle between the tandem foils determines the timing and the sign of the forewing-shed LEV when the hindwing encounters this LEV. Such an interaction affects the LEV formation, growth and shedding on the hindwing and results in a change in power generation performance of the hindwing. The results further show that at this specific distance between the wings, the maximum power coefficient and efficiency occur when the phase angle between the motions of the tandem wings is near ψ = 135° for the sinusoidal pitching and plunging.

This paper focuses on thermal transport processes and systems and discusses their modeling, simulation, design and optimization to reduce the effect on the environment, reduce energy consumption and enhance product quality and productivity. These processes are generally quite complex and several challenges are encountered to obtain accurate and reliable results that can be used as the basis for design and optimization. Some major challenges are material properties, model validation, uncertain- ties in the governing parameters and operating conditions, complex combined transport mechanisms, and multiscale effects. Once accurate simulation results are obtained, these can be used to optimize the process to enhance the output. Reduction in energy and material consumption, as well as the effect on the environment, are of particular concern today. The paper discusses these aspects and presents a few practical systems by way of illustration. For example, working with the changing environment, the energy consumed by the thermal system for the cooling of data centers can be minimized. Similarly, other concerns and approaches are outlined.

To evaluate the wall heat losses in combustion vessel, an alternative to existing macroscopic models of heat transfer is suggested. This study aims to provide a physical approach for wall heat transfer based on kinetic theory of gases to describe the conduction phenomena between gas particles and the cold wall in short scales. The model mentioned is implemented in a code simulating combustion in a constant volume spherical chamber.

We report on the development of measurement system for characterizing physico-chemical properties of colloidal liquids used in heat transfer applications. In future thermal management, colloids consisting of micro- and nano-sized particles will play major roles in heat transfer for thermal storage and heat- transfer enhancement. In these applications, an important issue is the dispersion stability of colloidal particles. The functionality of the colloidal liquids becomes deteriorated when the particles aggregate and turn into sedimentation. The dispersion of colloidal liquid is maintained by the interaction of electrokinetic forces acting on the particles. The electrostatic state of the surface of a particle is represented by zeta potential, which represents the electrical potential difference between the particle surface and the surrounding. The zeta potential can be measured from the mobility of colloidal particles under electrophoresis. We use a pair of evanescent waves for measuring the zeta potential of colloidal particles. An evanescent wave propagates along an interface and exponentially attenuates away from it. The use of evanescent waves can achieve a spatial resolution smaller than a micrometer, which is not feasible with a conventional optical system whose resolution is bounded by diffraction limit. We describe the principle and design of the measurement system. A prototype measurement system was developed in the laboratory. We report on the development and performance of the system for characterizing col- loidal particles for heat transfer applications.

A new 2-Parameter Rule Curve (patent pending) for Hydropower Generation takes into account the current state of the system, represented by the beginning-of-month reservoir level, in the selection of the end-of-month Rule Curve level/storage. Thus, the two decision parameters are current time and reservoir level. The Rule Curve aims to preserve the firm energy, and to generate as much secondary energy as possible; and is based on the maximum monthly value of a composite parameter related to the variation of the potential energy stored in the reservoir, calculated for every month in the backward simulation that gives the Firm Energy Yield of the reservoir-power plant system. The Rule Curve levels are calculated to give the required end-of-month level for each month as a function of the beginning-of-month level, can be represented in tabular (matrix) and graphical forms, and can be used alone or combined with the Rule Curve proposed by the USACE (1985 and 1989), whose only parameter is current time. The use of this new 2-Parameter Rule Curve for single reservoirs can increase the annual average/secondary energy output without reducing the firm energy, as tested by the simulation of several hydropower developments; the results show an increase of average/secondary energy when compared with the USACE Rule Curve. Energy increase depends on net head variability, regulating capacity of the reservoir and power-plant-rated capacity. A 50-year simulation of Grand Coulee Dam gives an average energy output of 22.6 TW-h/year year with the 2 -Parameter Rule Curve, and 20.9 TW-h/year with the USACE Rule Curve. The increase in average/secondary energy is 1.7 TW-h/yearr, due only to the change of the Rule Curve. Data published by the USBR indicates an average output of 21 TW-h/year for Grand Coulee Dam, which confirms the simulated results.

This study reports the results of a numerical investigation and optimization of the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of two new types of pin-fin and plate-fin heat sinks. The first type consists of inclined cones and is inspired by the larger heat transfer extents in impinging flow conditions, whilst the second type concerns wavy form plate-fins chosen such as to combine the effects of thermal boundary layer re-initialization, flow separation and large heat transfer area of classical plate fins. Fairly complex features are considered, which cannot be manufactured easily using traditional approaches. However, in this study we exploit the manufacturing flexibility offered by a new surface-structuring technology, which allows to produce more complex geometries than possible with the current state-of-the-art techniques. A simplified numerical methodology has been proposed to decrease the computational cost, which was then validated with respect to the literature and the laboratory tests. Baseline versions of the two proposed geometries were compared to more common geometries found in the literature in order to make a first choice. The results show that the inclined cone features can increase the heat transfer coefficient, especially in inverse configuration, whereas the wave structures require very large pressure losses to achieve similar levels of thermal performance. Subsequently, only inclined cones have been optimized using an Evolutionary Algorithm optimization platform. The optimized geometries increase the overall performance, especially reducing the pressure drop, in comparison to the geometries found in the literature.

Heat transfer continues to play a major role in new emerging areas such as sustainable development and reduction of greenhouse gases as well as for micro- and nano-scale structures and bio-engineering and in traditional areas like heat exchangers, gas turbine cooling, turbulent combustion and fires, electronics cooling, melting, solidification and many others. Tremendous advancements have been achieved during recent years.

The Wessex Institute of Technology (WIT) Heat Transfer Conference Series aims to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of new approaches and applications of computational methods and experimental measurements to heat and mass transfer and related phenomena.

Many relevant research topics were discussed during the Fourteenth International Conference on Simulation and Experiments in Heat Transfer and its Applications held in Ancona, Italy during September 2016. This special issue of the International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements contains the edited versions of some selected papers presented at the Conference. The contributions reflect the quality and width of the topics covered in the conference.

The guest editors would like to thank all the distinguished and well-known scientists who supported the Conference by serving on the International Scientific Advisory Committee, reviewing the submitted abstracts and papers. The excellent administrative work of the conference secretariat at WIT is greatly appreciated and the efficient co-operation and encouragement by the staff at WIT Press were essential in producing this special issue.|

Steam cycles are a mature technology that has been used for many decades to produce power from heat. Novel expanders that can expand in the two-phase region have been developed for years but only recently have achieved a level of maturity that makes them commercially interesting.

In this study wet and dry steam cycles recovering heat from gas turbines in offshore industry are compared in a thermodynamic basis. Three different cycle configurations are studied in three scenarios with different combinations of power and heat demand. Every case is optimized with and without restrictions for two-phase steam expansion.

It is shown that wet expansion cycles can achieve higher steam pressures which increase steam cycle efficiency. Steam cycle power increase has been found to be large for single expansion cases (20%) due to the low pressures that can be achieved by the dry cycles.

Optimization of two-stage wet expansion does not produce significant improvements and in some cases results are equivalent to single stage wet expansion cycles.

Energy savings and CO2 emissions reduction when comparing with the reference cases without steam cycle installation are found to be in the range of 17%–26%.

Hundreds of young people have had limbs amputated after being wounded by civil wars, explosions or gunshots. Heat and perspiration within a prosthetic socket are the most common side effects of reduced quality life for prosthesis. Besides, the environment between liner and skin is an ideal host of residual limb skin problems such as contact dermatitis and bacterial infections. It is important to minimize the limiting heat transfer to improve amputee safety and comfort. Usually, when there is a skin problem, the treatment requires the amputee not to wear his/her prosthesis for an extended period of time. This functional loss can adversely affect the amputee’s physical, mental and emotional well-being. This work aims to highlight a number of important issues concerning the effect of thermal conditions on prosthetics to shed light on new design methods for prosthetics.

In the last twenty years the modeling of heat transfer on gas turbine cascades has been based on computational fluid dynamic and turbulence modeling at sonic transition. The method is called Conjugate Flow and Heat Transfer (CHT). The quest for higher Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) to increase electrical efficiency makes radiative transfer the more and more effective in the leading edge and suction/pressure sides. Calculation of its amount and transfer towards surface are therefore needed. In this paper we decouple convection and radiation load, the first assumed from convective heat transfer data and the second by means of emissivity charts and analytical fits of heteropolar species as CO₂ and H₂O. Then we propose to solve the temperature profile in the blade through a quasi-two-dimensional power balance in the form of a second order partial differential equation which includes radiation and convection. Real cascades are cooled internally trough cool compressed air, so that we include in the power balance the effect of a heat sink or law of cooling that is up to the designer to test in order to reduce the thermal gradients and material temperature. The problem is numerically solved by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and, subsequently, some numerical simulations are also presented.

Many academic studies show that the increase in financial savings have a positive impact on economic growth. Therefore, the growth of funds in the financial system has more important, especially in developing countries as Turkey. However, due to the interest in the traditional concept of financial and banking system, some people do not use the market to evaluate their savings because of their religious beliefs. At this point, Noninterest (Islamic) finance system could be a good alternative to current system. Measure the households’ perceptions is important to make this system more effective. The reason to measure perception is that it is one of the most important factor to influence human behavior. Participation banking is one of the leading structures of Islamic finance system in Turkey. Within this direction, the goal of this study is that measure the perceptions of households about the participation banks. In the study, data was collected from over 18 years old 510 people by randomly selected and was analyzed by ANOVA test. The results of this study suggest that the perception of participation banking is low. The study comes out that individuals’ properties such as gender, education, job and income have statistically significant impact on the knowledge level and interest perception of individuals about participation baking. This study will contribute to academicians, participation baking and related institutions to create policies about participation banking.

Participation of subordinates in organization is not a new phenomenon. Workers have been participating in industry by virtue of their producing goods and services. But, the involvement of subordinates in budget planning is the focus of this study. The data for this research were collected from primary source through questionnaire. The participants had been in their job position for an average of three years. Each has also been working for their organization for an average of seven years. All statistical analyses were carried out with the aid of the SPSS software (version 21). The hypotheses tested were supported, the study established that subordinate participate in budget planning and that such participation leads to goal clearity and budget goal acceptance.

This research examines the nature of relationships that exist between corporate governance mechanisms (board composition, audit committee, board size and corporate governance disclosure) and financial performance (return on equity, profit margin and return on asset) in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Secondary data from the audited financial statements of the fifteen listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria were employed. The test of hypotheses and other analysis of data were done using Pearson Correlation and regression analysis generated from SPSS, version 17. Findings from the study revealed that insignificant but positive relationship does exist between board composition and the performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Evidence also exist that corporate governance disclosure level has a positive and significant impact on the ROE. This study therefore suggests that board of directors and stakeholders of oil and gas companies in Nigeria should pay more attention towards enhancing the independence of their audit committees and the extent of their corporate governance disclosure in order to enhance their level of profitability.

The framework to institutionalization and corporate governance is determined by Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102. In other words, Turkish Commercial Code has arisen as a legal full text of both concepts. Relevant parts of Turkish Commercial Code set the basis for articles about corporate governance pertaining to transparency, equity, responsibility and accountability which are formed within Anglo-Saxon law system. Moreover, in order to increase the opportunities for more and faster credit usage and going to public in capital markets; transparent, clear, comparable and high quality financial reports stands out as principles of new Turkish Commercial Code. So as to present convenient financial reports with International Accounting Standards, businesses should complete their backgrounds for corporate governance. It’s widely known that, principles of corporate governance rests on basis for producing qualified financial reports and quality standards. The aim of this study is to evaluate principles forming corporate governance concept from Turkish Commercial Code’s aspect. Relevant articles in Turkish Commercial Code are scrutinized and inferences about are put forward.

According to 5^th annex of TAS 41 Agricultural Activities Standards, carrier plants mean a plant which is used for producing or providing agricultural productions, is expected to yield more than an accounting period, has very little salability as an agricultural product except for the insignificant sales. Carrier plants have been extracted from TAS 31, 30 and 31 numbered notices of Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority, dating 12.11.2014 and have been included in TMS 16 Class of Property Standards. With the mentioned change, many changes occurred related to the cognition and measurement of the carrier products. The purpose of this study is to explain how the carrier products can be accounted within the frame of Turkish Accounting Standards after the changes occurred with the 30 and 31 numbered notices of Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority, dating 12.11.2014.

The mutual fund industry in India consists of public sector, private sector and foreign funds. All the three sectors were studied to compare the selectivity and timing performance on the basis of sponsorship of funds. However, from these only active funds belongings to Growth, Income, Balanced and Tax-Saving Schemes were selected for the study. The period of study is five years from April 2007 to 31^_st March 2011. The rationale for selecting the study period of 5-years from 1^st April 2007 to 31^st March 2011 stems from two reasons. Firstly, during this period, the stock market experienced higher volatility, as such chosen to find-out whether the funds have succeeded in surpassing the market performance even under depressed market conditions. Secondly, the five years were long enough to capture different market phases and to draw meaningful conclusions. Regarding timing performance empirical results have indicated that the majority i.e. 85 percent of fund managers have shown superior timing performance. As such, it is evident that Indian fund managers during the reference period were more inclined towards timing performance and market timing was evidenced, suggesting that there is a trade –off between a fund managersstockselectionandmarkettimingperformance. This is indicative of the evidence of activity specialization among fund managers, implying that no manager can excel in both theactivities.

This study intended to examine the effect of the capacity of human resources, the use of information technology and organizational commitment on the readiness of government agencies in the implementation of an accrual based government accounting system. The population in this study was all budget authorities within the Office of Religious Affairs Agencies of Banda Aceh with a total of 80 respondents. Data was collected from questionnaires and analysed by using multiple linear regression. The number of returned and usable questionnaires were 75 copies or 93.75% of the total distributed. The results showed that the capacity of human resources, the use of information technology and organizational commitment simultaneously and partially have a positive effect on the readiness of government agencies in the implementation of accrual based accounting. Further studies are recommended to include interviews with the informants and agencies from different ministries and local governments.

Geleneksel finans beklenen fayda ve rasyonel tercih olmak üzere iki temel varsayıma dayalı olarak gelişim göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte bu varsayımların yeterince gerçekçi olmadığı ileri sürülerek yoğun bir şekilde eleştirilmiştir. Davranışsal finans alanının temeli ise beklenti teorisine dayanmaktadır. Bu teoriye göre bireyler tam rasyonel hareket edemezler ve kayıplara, aynı miktarda kazançlardan daha fazla anlam yüklerler, riskten ve kayıptan kaçınma davranışı gösterirler. Davranışsal finans bireylerin davranış ve duygusal kalıplarını karar verme süreçlerine dahil ederek finansal karar verme süreçlerinde kullandıkları akıl yürütme kalıplarının daha gerçekçi olarak anlaşılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel finans ve davranışsal finans alanları ile bu iki alanın temelleri üzerinde durulmuş ve genel prensipler üzerinden karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, konuya ilişkin geniş kapsamlı bir bakış açısı yansıtmaktadır. Çalışmanın hedefi, geleneksel ve davranışsal finans disiplinlerinin ortaya koydukları farklı bakış açılarının ve temellerinin bir bütün olarak daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamaktır. Bu çalışma ile ayrıca, daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılabilecek teorik alt yapıya veya kavramsal çerçeveye katkı sağlanması da amaçlanmıştır.

Given divergent results of studies on the implications of employee ownership on performance and low interest granted to the probability of the existence of an eventual causality. The purpose of this contribution is to check whether there is a causal link between the two presuppositions and if so, whether the causality is unidirectional or bidirectional. Based on the econometrics of panel data, the error correction models and low exogeneity tests, the results of the econometric treatments, on a sample of French companies quoted on the stock exchange 120 over a period running from 2000 to 2012, reveal the existence of two long-term dynamics in a single direction from the performance indicators (ROA and ROE) to employee ownership.