This study aims to determine the effect of administration of State Property, which consists of bookkeeping, inventory, and reporting on the optimization of fixed assets in the Secretariat of the General Election Commission of West Java Province, Indonesia. Questionnaires are distributed to 38 officers whom using and responsible for the use of fixed assets in a room or work location at the Secretariat of the General Election Commission of West Java Province, Indonesia. The finding shows that administration of State Property (bookkeeping, inventory, and reporting of fixed assets) affect the optimization of fixed assets in the Secretariat of the General Election Commission by 55% while the remaining 45% influenced by other factors that are not examined in this study.

This study aims to analyze the influence of intellectual capital on the value of company. Intellectual capital as an independent variable is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) component. On the other hand, company value as a dependent variable is proxied with Price to Book Value (PBV). 28 companies are selected based on purposive sampling method that come from retail trade and property & real estate sectors listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2014 to 2016. Both panel data procedure analysis and statistical criteria test were conducted. The findings show that the Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) significantly influence the Price to Book Value (PBV), where VACA has significant positive effect on PBV, while VAHU and STVA have no significant positive effect on PBV.

The paper examines management accounting change and the changing roles of management accountants in two independent organizations in the Nigerian public sector. The sampling population was made up of 100 respondents in the accounts departments of two public sector organizations comprising a public university and a university teaching hospital. Using the Mann Whitney test the paper considers whether there are significant differences between respondents in both organizations on management accounting change, roles of management accountants as well as the drivers and barriers to the change. The results indicate that whereas there are significant differences in some aspects relating to the roles, tasks and skills of management accountants, there are no significant differences in the drivers and barriers in the change in management accountants’ roles. Specifically, we find that the main triggers (drivers) of change in the roles of management accountants are: technology, globalization and competition while the barriers are: management stability, lack of adequate resources and shortage of accounting staffs. The paper concludes that there is change in the roles and tasks performed by management accountants in the public sector. The paper suggests that the results of this study have important implications for the training of management accountants by accounting faculties from universities and professionals bodies.

The article uses numerical modelling to verify the impact of non-traffic load (water and frost) on sub- grade structure freezing of railway tracks with different routing (embankment and cut). The introduction characterizes two actual railway track models in the campus of the University of Žilina, named experimental stand DRETM – Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management (two measuring profiles were considered here: second measuring profile – embankment, third measuring profile – cut). The second part of the article brings the results of numerical modelling of non-traffic load impact on subgrade structure freezing in two respective profiles. Here, the course of the winter period 2016/2017 for Žilina and the climatic conditions of the winter period 2004/2005 measured for Poprad were applied (the values of the air frost index achieved in Poprad were approximately identical to or higher than the values in Žilina). The conclusion includes a comparison of the individual methods of rail track routing, a summary of achieved results of numerical modelling of subgrade structure freezing and sufficiency assessment of subgrade surface protection from the adverse effects of frost.

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become universal financial reporting language as it is currently used by 166 (85%) (out of 195) countries in the Africa, Americas, Europe, Middle East and Asia and Oceana. Similarly, all eight country members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have accepted IFRS for presentation of financial statements of their public companies. In the era of globalistaion and liberalistion, IFRS are performing mounting significant role in the global accounting system. Therefore, this paper was intended to portray the process of convergence of IFRS in global accounting system and to identify the status of SAARC countries in convergence of IFRS. For this reason, secondary sources and review of literature were taken into consideration. The study demonstrated that IFRS set by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopted by all countries have been altered slightly before accepting. The SAARC countries have also made minor modifications in IFRS and accepted in phased manner. The study concluded that the SAARC countries are facing number of problems that should be resolved for better convergence of IFRS.

Taipei Main Station of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit is the busiest transport hub in Taiwan in terms of ridership. Its complex layout and high number of passengers frequently lead to congested transfer traffic patterns. This study examined passengers’ walking trajectories and behaviours and the relationship between crowding and train movement at the transfer concourse on floor B2 of Taipei Main Station to understand the factors of interference and congestion during traffic flow. An improvement plan was subsequently proposed. This study observed that because more passengers situated themselves in the middle cars than the front and rear cars, most boarding and alighting passengers used specific escalators to enter and exit the platform level. In addition, passengers’ walking flow tended to be affected by their personal moving distances, the movement of other passengers and traffic volume. Transfer passengers preferred to use escalators or stairs closer to them, resulting in poor traffic diversion inside the platform. In particular, congestion frequently occurred at the fork near the T junction, where most passenger interferences were recorded. Passengers tended to lean against walls or walk between pillars to mitigate the conflicting flow of movement among them. Other walking trajectory factors included the locations and directions of escalators, stairs and turnstiles. This study used Unity3D software to construct three traffic diversion proposals based on observation records. The proposals were used to simulate and verify improved traffic patterns and mitigate interference. The simulations revealed that moderate changes in the upward and downward directions of escalators could facilitate smoother transfer traffic patterns. Escalators with traversing directions that better adhere to passengers’ traffic patterns may substantially increase passengers’ walking speeds regardless of the direction they are coming from, thereby effectively mitigating congestion at the T junction.

This study examines the effect of deferred tax and accruals on the persistence of earnings. Firms with either large (small) deferred tax and large (small) accruals are predicted to exhibit low (high) earnings persistence. Using a sample of 1,609 firm-year observations from 2007 to 2014 from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), results of this study were consistent with the predictions, deferred tax and accruals had negative effects on earnings persistence. These results remained qualitatively unchanged after controlling for industry sector dummy variables and year dummy variables. When the sample was split into two groups, positive and negative accruals subsamples, the findings showed consistent results of the negative effect of accruals on earnings persistent. However, when the sample was split into two groups, positive and negative deferred tax subsamples, the results showed the negative effect of the deferred tax on earnings persistence but only for positive deferred tax subsample.

In society, moral rules are all about society. The concept of ethics is also expressed as a Professional phenomenon at the same time as a social phenomen on. This research is designed to express the perception of accounting profession ethics and to set an example for the studies conducted on this field. The results of a survey, which was conducted to accounting profesionals working in Mersin province are given place in the direction in accordance with the purpose of this study. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and the findings were revealed. Factor analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests are used to analyze the obtained data. The findings showed that participants has a positive perception related to professional accountants to behave in accordance with ethical principles and professional ethics. Moreover, it is seen that perception of participants vary with professional experience, gender, age and state of education.

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the corporate’s characteristics on tax avoidance and to analyze the effects of moderation of earnings management on the relationship between the corporate’s characteristics and tax avoidance. The corporate’s characteristics in this study are proxied by the profitability, the leverage, and the size. This study selected 49 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of the period of 2012-2016 as samples that were selected by using the cluster random sampling technique. The result of the panel data regression with random effect model shows that the characteristics of a company, namely the profitability and the size have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, whereas the leverage has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. The action of the earnings management is able to moderate the effects of the profitability and the leverage on tax avoidance. However, the action of the earnings management is unable to moderate the effects of the size on tax avoidance.

The wave of global financial crises (2007 – 2008) caused a surge in the capital flows of developed countries particularly, between developed and developing countries. The crisis has hit all financial sectors with unexpected severity and speed. This paper determines the impact of global financial crisis (2007 – 2008) on socially innovative microfinance institutions operating in Pakistan by using descriptive ratio analysis and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. This paper analyzes performance of MFIs for 15 years i.e., from 2000 – 2014 in three waves: before, during and after the financial crisis. The results show that financial crisis affected performance of all selected MFIs but Thardeep Rural Development Programme (TRDP) showed major changes in three waves of crises. The output of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test confirms that the financial crisis worsened the operations of MFIs in Pakistan. This study will assist microfinance practitioners, policy makers, rural financial institutions, and microfinance institutions in maintaining and developing more effective strategies to survive in such crisis in the future.

The study examines the effect of ownership structure on financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. Data was collected from the annual reports of 28 insurance firms listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the periods of 2011 to 2016. The ex-post facto was employed by the study to examine the effect of ownership structure on financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. In addition to the descriptive statistics and correlation, multiple regression technique through panel data methodology was applied for model estimation. Data were subjected to pooled General Least Square, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects regression model to test the hypotheses of the study. Ownership structure proxied by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and ownership concentration were adopted as independent variables. Firm financial performance as the dependent variables was proxied by Book value per Share. This study found ownership structure having significant positive effect on financial performance of the listed insurance firms except concentrated ownership with negative effect. However, in respect of size and growth of the firms, which form the control variables of the study, there were mixed evidence of their effects on financial performance. The study recommends that in order to enhance the financial performance, insurance firms in Nigeria should increase management equity- holding in the firms as this can stimulate the managers to maximize their efficiency and create more wealth for stakeholders.

The present work addresses traffic rescheduling in case of electric infrastructure failure. The power available for train traction is restricted and the traffic must be reorganized according to this constraint. The system behaviour is computed using a dynamic multi-physics railway simulator which gives physi- cal quantities such as the train speed profiles, voltage along the catenary lines and temperatures. The rescheduling problem relies on this non-linear model, with a large number of continuous and discrete variables, constraints on dynamic outputs (typically voltage limits) and a high computation cost. We propose a rescheduling process based on sensitivity analysis in order to analyse the behaviour of this complex system and obtain information about the adjustment operations needed in order to reschedule the traffic in an optimal way. Our approach is based on statistics, with predefined variation ranges of the input parameters. In a first stage, variance decomposition-based sensitivity analysis (generalized Sobol indexes) is used for prioritization and fixing factors; then regional sensitivity analysis is used for factor mapping. The proposed approach has been tested on a simple case, with a nominal traffic running on a single-track line. The considered incident is the loss of a feeding power substation. The variables to be adjusted are the time interval between departure times and speed reduction in the vicinity of the faulty substation. The results show that increasing the time interval between trains is the most influential vari- able. Pareto-optimal fronts are also built in order to perform multi-criteria analysis according to travel- ling time, train delays and traction energy.

Introduction: Strategic management and its most important component, the strategic policies, and the expression of these policies and the implementation of the stated policies are very important. The purpose of this study is to examine the policy statements of the enterprises operating in the field of logistics, which is an important sector for the economy of countries, to examine whether they are current and industry-appropriate statements, and to discuss the reasons. Categorization and interpretation were preferred as methods. As a scope, only policy statements among the strategic concepts shared by the Logistics Association (LODER) member enterprises in the logistics sector have been discussed and studied. Especially in logistics enterprises, the establishment of strategic management and strategic policies, their expression, sharing and their implementation, the concepts emphasized and prioritized in the policies, and whether these concepts are up-to-date and appropriate to the sector should be seen as a problem. According to the findings, an important part of the policy statements are about customers and customer-related concepts. It has been observed that the concepts prioritized in policy statements are not specific to the business, which are popular and shared in most businesses. The fact that the concepts examined are not up to date causes businesses to stay away from the concepts they really need. The fact that the stated policies are not specific to the business will not benefit the strategic management of the business in details. This study is expected to be beneficial to academics and administrators working in this field.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables, namely GDP, Inflation and Unemployment to credit risk in Islamic banking of Indonesia. The data for this study were collected from secondary sources via Statistics Center Indonesia (BPS) and financial statements of the 7 Islamic bank of Indonesia. The data used are the annual ones from 2009 to 2016. This research uses an explanatory analysis. The test is a panel data regression testing using Eviews 9. The result of panel data regression with random effect model consisted gross domestic product (GDP) and unemployment rate (UNEMP) have a significant negative effect on credit risk of Islamic banking in Indonesia. While the inflation variable has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on credit risk in Islamic banking system of Indonesia.

Transaction volume of crypto currencies, which is generally known by Bitcoin, has reached a significant size worldwide, today. Though they are not recognized by law in common, yet; the crypto currencies attract firms due to their higher revenue rates, transferable skills and lower transaction costs. Today the firms can pay and collect their receivables by the crypto currencies also they invest in crypto currencies to benefit from exchange rates. The aim of the study is evaluating the accounting of Bitcoin in Turkey by presenting the process and features of crypto currencies, especially Bitcoin.

There are three accounting regulations that are used within scope of authenticity in Turkey. These are General Communique on Implementation of Accounting System that has been used since 1994, Turkish Accounting / Financial Reporting Standards that has been implemented since 2004 and Enterprise Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium Sized Enterprise that will be compulsorily used as of 2018. Each accounting regulation has unique rules for calculating depreciation. While these accounting regulations set standards for calculating depreciation, tax codes also have rules for calculating depreciation. Depreciation rules set forth by accounting regulation and tax codes vary.

This article aims comparing depreciation procedures based on accounting regulations in order to reveal out similarities and differences between the accounting regulations and to discuss how the tax effect arising out of the differences between tax rules and accounting regulations should be traced. Thus, practitioners will have the opportunity to see and compare all rules pertaining to depreciation accounting. Literature review method is used to achieve this target.

This study examines the impact of working capital management on the financial performance of listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria for a period of ten (10) years (2005-2014). Data for the study were quantitatively retrieved from the annual reports and accounts of the studied companies. The study employed descriptive statistics to describe the variable while the relationships among the variables were established via correlation. Variable Inflation Factor (VIF) was used to determine the existence or otherwise of multi-collinearity while Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression was used to analyze the data. It was found that debtors collection period, creditors payment period and firm size were negatively related to return on investment while cash conversion cycle has positive but insignificant relationship with the financial performance of the studied companies. The study however, recommends among others that listed conglomerate companies should maintain the current debtors’ collection period or further reduce it in order to continue to enhance financial performance.

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of financial performance on sustainability disclosure and then to examine the effect of sustainability disclosure on firm value. Sustainability disclosure is treated as a mediating variable, therefore an investigation of the indirect effect of financial performance on firm value is required to accomplish the mediating effect. It is predicted that lower leverage and higher firm size, higher liquidity, as well as higher profitability will motivate companies’ management to convey more their sustainability disclosure. This action should increase firm value. The sample used in this study is companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the period 2013 – 2015. The study uses path analysis to examine the hypothesis.

The results present that higher liquidity emboldens management to convey more sustainability disclosure. Higher sustainability disclosure increase firm value significantly. However, the effect of leverage, profitability, and firm size is not significant. Regarding the indirect effect of financial performance on firm value, the results show that leverage and profitability have a positively indirect effect on firm value. However, size and liquidity have no indirect effect on firm value. This means that the increase of leverage and profitability will encourage management to publish more sustainability disclosure and it will increase firm value of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index.

It is necessary to clarify “the key audit matters within the auditor’s report” due to the publishing of International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 701: Reporting Key Audit Matters within the Independent Auditor’s Report, in 2017. The mentioned key audit matters are the most important ones for the auditing of current term’s financial tables according to the auditor’s professional reasoning. The aim of the study is explaining the basis relating the detecting of key audit matters and their presentation in the framework of ISA 701; to perform a content analysis about which key audit matters are detected within the independent auditor’s reports for 2017 financial term belonged to the companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange. Hence; audit reports of 140 companies are analyzed through the aim of the study also quantitative and qualitative methods are employed about the key audit matters. The most common matters detected within the mentioned reports herein are as the following: Sales, Accounts Receivables, Inventories, Tangible Assets and Investment Properties.

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of firm characteristics on profitability of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Profitability is the dependent variable proxied by Return on sales (ROS), while firm characteristics is the independent variable proxied by firm age, firm size, sales growth, liquidity and leverage. The population of the study consists of twenty two (22) listed consumer goods companies as at 31st December, 2016. Eighteen of the listed consumer goods companies are selected to form the sample of the study for the period of six years (2011-2016). The study employed multiple regressions as tool for analysis. A hypothesis was formulated and tested for the study; which states that: Firm characteristics have no significant effect on profitability of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Secondary data obtained from the financial statements of the companies were analyzed. Panel data techniques (fixed and random effects models) were utilized to examine the effect of firm characteristics on profitability and Hausman specification test confirmed that random effects model was more appropriate for the study. The results show that firm size, sales growth and leverage have significant effects on profitability. In contrast, firm age and liquidity are not significantly affecting profitability of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that, consumer goods companies in Nigeria should conduct careful evaluation and take into consideration the firm characteristics (firm size, sales growth, and leverage) that affect the profits of the company before making major business decisions as this will help in improving their profitability.

Today, it has been arguing about the limits of welfare models in which ongoing discussions are on the fight against poverty and deprivation play an important role. What should be the role of government? May the implementations of welfare models face with crisis? Is it possible to set socioeconomic limits to the level of redistribution which is being set by welfare state implementations and financing practices? What should be the role of government about social protection implementations which are being applied for the disadvantaged groups who forced to fight poverty and deprivation. All these questions require an comprehensive analytical study on social protection implementations. The role of social protection expenditures which can be a criteria to test the meaning of ''social'' concept in social state on social solidarity, its level in public social protection spendings and predictability of beneficiariers' social protection costs to social state are very important issues to provide sustainability.The aim of the study is to interpret the optimization and measurement of the efficiency of the effectiveness of social protection expenditures with the vortex optimization algorithm from artificial intelligence evaluation techniques which is a different and contemporary technique. The results of the study on social protection expenditure in Turkey has concluded that the optimization.

Integrated Reporting is defined as the process of transferring the value created as a result of business activities carried out on the basis of integrated thinking to the information users through an integrated report. As described in the International Integrated Reporting Framework, integrated reporting can be prepared by private sector entities as well as by public institutions. In the literature, the benefits that the adoption of the integrated reporting process will provide to public institutions are revealed. This study is intended to determine the feasibility of integrated reporting in public institutions in Turkey. In accordance with this purpose, in this study, integrated reporting, the benefits of integrated reporting, integrated reporting is explained with the help of theoretical studies and examples in public institutions, integrated reporting applicability in public institutions in Turkey have been studied by comparing the International Integrated Reporting Framework guiding principles and content item with current regulations. As a result of our research, it can be said that integrated reporting can be implemented in public institutions in our contry by making certain regulations in "Regulation on Activity Reports to be Prepared for Public Administrations".

Organic farming is frequently associated with claims of more labour requirements than conventional. However, there is a fragmented knowledge about labour use on organic farms in terms of workload, nature and quality of employment provided. In the context of a growing organic demand and a need for more farmers to convert to reach policy targets set by many EU governments, it seems crucial to understand labour trends on organic farms and to what extent labour requirements may hinder the adoption of the organic methods. This paper presents a review of mainly European literature published since 2000. Studies presenting results by farm type usually indicate higher labour use per hectare on organic than conventional arable farms, whereas similar or lower labour use is reported on organic livestock farms, and the results are mixed for other farm types. We have identified in the existing literature two broad dimensions directly related with labour use, which need to be considered in comparative studies, namely farm structure (including farm type, but also farm size and diversification activities), and technical efficiency. These two broad dimensions give us insights into some more specific factors affecting labour use, and how labour is related with productivity and technical efficiency. Overall it appears that claims that labour requirements represent a concrete obstacle to the adoption of the organic methods need to be treated with caution, and more research is needed to understand the role of labour in farmers’ decision to convert to organic farming. The review of the nature and quality of employment indicates positive health effects related to higher satisfaction and lower exposure to pesticides in organic agriculture as the most important advantages for farm workers. Overall, there is limited research on whether the organic sector provides better opportunities in terms of job prospects, wages and employment of women.