Safety of reservoir dams remains pivotal for societal stability, underscoring the significance of efficient emergency management strategies. This investigation focuses on Naban Reservoir, where the BREACH model was employed to simulate potential dam failures. By integrating one-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling approaches, a mathematical representation was developed to scrutinize flood progression in the adjacent region. Correlation coefficients for the devised model ranged from 0.945 to 0.986, with relative errors of -13.72%, -0.23%, -17.41%, and -15.44%. Comparisons indicated that observed flow rates align closely with simulated rates. Notably, significant land slippages surrounding the reservoir were not detected, implying that an enhanced downstream surge due to an upstream collapse is unlikely. Nevertheless, a breach in the main dam could result in catastrophic outcomes for downstream zones, particularly affecting infrastructure and communities along the Shangsi and Zaimiao Basins. Critical observation zones, such as Siyang Town in Shangshi County, Zaimiao Town in Shangshi County, and Nakan Town in Ningming County, were identified, emphasizing the need for enhanced precautionary measures to safeguard human lives, property, and societal stability. This research has paved the way for a novel flood early warning system tailored for the Naban Reservoir, ensuring timely predictions and alerts. Such advancements augment the disaster prevention capacity, offering valuable insights for mitigating risks in small to medium-sized reservoirs.

Sign language plays a crucial role in communication for individuals with speech or hearing difficulties. However, the lack of a comprehensive Indian Sign Language (ISL) corpus impedes the development of text-to-ISL conversion systems. This study proposes a specific deep learning-based sign language detection system tailored specifically for Indian Sign Language (ISL). The proposed system utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to detect and recognize actions from dynamic ISL gestures captured in videos. Initially, the system employs computer vision algorithms to extract relevant features and representations from the input gestures. Subsequently, an LSTM-based deep learning architecture is employed to capture the temporal dependencies and patterns within the gestures. LSTM models excel in sequential data processing, making them well-suited for analyzing the dynamic nature of sign language gestures. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed system, extensive experimentation and evaluation were conducted. A customized dataset was curated, encompassing a diverse range of ISL sign language actions. This dataset was created by collecting video recordings of native ISL users performing various actions, ensuring comprehensive coverage of gestures and expressions. These videos were meticulously annotated and labelled with corresponding textual representations of the gestures. The dataset was then split into training and testing sets to train the LSTM-based model and evaluate its performance. The proposed system yielded promising results during the validation process, achieving a training accuracy of 96% and a test accuracy of 87% for ISL recognition. These results outperformed previous approaches in the field. The system's ability to effectively detect and recognize actions from dynamic ISL gestures, facilitated by the deep learning-based approach utilizing LSTM networks, demonstrates the potential for more accurate and robust sign language recognition systems. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the system. Currently, the system's primary focus is on recognizing individual words rather than full sentences, indicating the need for further research to enhance sentence-level interpretations. Additionally, variations in lighting conditions, camera angles, and hand orientations can potentially impact the system's accuracy, particularly in the context of ISL.

A significant surge in the installation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in areas of spatial constraints and fluctuating wind directions has been observed, attributable to the omission of a yaw mechanism, which otherwise would require orientation towards wind direction. Among VAWTs, the Savonius variant, characterized by an S-shaped rotor, assumes a particular interest due to its operational advantages in the drag-based regime and its self-starting capability. Given their ability to generate electricity under low-wind-speed conditions, these turbines are markedly suited for urban locales. This investigation deploys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, utilizing ANSYS CFX software, on VAWTs of varying blade heights, facilitating the measurement of torque generation under distinct air velocities. The wind turbine models for this analysis were designed using Creo software. Concurrently, an exploration into the feasibility of VAWTs for hydrogen production through electrolysis is undertaken using analytical methods. Results highlight the substantial influence of turbine height on power generation, which subsequently has direct repercussions on hydrogen production efficiency via the electrolyzer. A 600 mm height VAWT yielded the maximum hydrogen production of 1.05 kg, whereas an 800 mm height VAWT resulted in the minimum production of 0.339 kg. The research findings underscore the potential of VAWTs in hydrogen generation, emphasizing the critical role of wind turbine design optimization in augmenting power generation and, thus, hydrogen production.

Thanks to COVID-19, e-learning has become one of the platforms for the teaching-learning activity in Ethiopia. Many high schools and higher institutions tried to manage to not disrupt the academic calendar by providing learning materials, mainly focusing on contents and exercises, via an electronic platform, Telegram. E- learning, also referred to as online learning, is an educational technological tool embracing self-motivation, communication, efficiency, and technology and it is becoming the default of 5th generation of Distance Education. In online learning, active engagements of the learner and the instructor are expected while the teaching-learning process is going on. The engagement can be either using off video text exchanging or video conferencing on platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, MOODLE, etc. This study was designed to assess the experiences of selected HEIs (American College of Technology, Yardstick International College, ET Online College, and Unity University) in their establishing phase of the online learning program. Structured interview questions were forwarded to the principals of the institutions to get answers to the research questions which were framed from the rubrics of HERQA. The study found out that ‘digital contents’ seemed to be lacking the attributes which are ascribed by the experts of the field.

Educational technology as an interdisciplinary field whose subject of study is the effective use of modern technology in education is very significant when we talk about changes within the educational system. Bearing in mind that educational technology includes both means and procedures used in the teaching and learning process, the goal of its application is to increase the efficiency of the teaching process itself, as well as student achievement in learning. The paper is based on the assumption that the application of ICT tools in the teaching ESP has the potential to contribute to the success of students in mastering the desired material. The research subject of this paper is the examination of the impact of the application of information and communication technologies in teaching on the learning ESP vocabulary at the academic level in the context of hybrid learning. With the aim of examining the mentioned impact, a survey was conducted on a convenient sample of 50 first-year students of the Faculty of Business Studies and Law and the Faculty of Information Technology and Engineering, UNION University "Nikola Tesla" in Belgrade. The obtained results are contrary to our expectations that teaching organized with the help of ICT will lead to a significant progress of the experimental group compared to the control group on the knowledge retest and indicate that although teaching generally leads to progress in the achievement of students of both groups, the use of ICT in teaching, in the way it was performed in this research makes no difference in terms of that progress.

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in examining the relationship between tourism and sustainable development. For firms to act friendly against the environment, competition authorities must provide them with the appropriate legal certainty they need to make the necessary investments towards sustainability. Also, energy intensity flows must be kept up more closely since the empirical results point out its substantially positive contribution in terms of air pollution Therefore, policy implications should be strengthened towards more installation of renewable energy and a convergence of environmental policies towards more efficient energy use among EU countries. Energy intensity flows must be kept up more closely since the empirical results point out its substantially positive contribution in terms of air pollution.

This study aims to examine the potential impact of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine on Romania's grain trade dynamics. Following the onset of the conflict, Ukraine has increasingly exported grain through Romania, potentially leading to an oversupply in the market and subsequent depression of prices within Romania and at its borders. To investigate this phenomenon, the volume and value of grain imports from Ukraine were analyzed and compared to previous years, alongside the price trends of major cereals in the region. Data on the volume of cereal imports from Ukraine and Romanian exports, sourced from international databases, were utilized in a quantitative analysis to evaluate the dynamics of imports in conjunction with the evolution of export prices for Romania. This investigation offers insights into the potential consequences of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict on Romania's grain trade and the broader implications for regional agricultural markets.

Managerial proficiency, a multifaceted construct, encompasses numerous attributes and is thought to be augmented by experience. Despite the inherent complexities of management roles, susceptibility to manipulation poses a significant challenge to organizational success. The cultural context in which a manager operates may exert either a positive or negative influence on this vulnerability, highlighting the need for comprehensive examination. However, the existing theoretical basis for addressing this issue remains underdeveloped. The present study seeks to identify the areas most susceptible to manipulation, thereby recognizing potential risks for managers and suggesting strategies for mitigation. A qualitative research approach was employed, with semi-structured interviews conducted and subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Findings from this investigation uncovered a multitude of domains in which managers could be misled. The outcomes of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for managerial practitioners and contribute to the broader field of management studies.

Purpose: Traditionally, the Nigerian pension fund system was based on a defined benefit scheme for the public and private sectors and coincided with serious challenges in the payment of retirement benefits to retirees. These challenges led to the introduction of a defined contribution scheme in terms of the Pension Reforms Act. Since the management of pension fund assets is the sole responsibility of pension fund managers, there is a need to investigate the adequacy of pension fund managers’ financial performance since the change in pension fund regime. The pertinent research question in the study was: To what extent do pension cost incurred, revenue, the inflation rate and total contribution affect benefits paid and cash inflow? The extent to which federal government bonds, securities, total contribution and the inflation rate affect investment income were also examined. Methodology: Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration and multiple regression were used in the analysis of the data. Findings: The results of the study revealed that in both the short- term and long-term analysis, other costs incurred by pension fund management lead to lower benefits paid to retirees. Furthermore, higher administrative costs lead to higher benefits paid, given that increases in administrative costs promote higher inflow contributions, and investing in federal government bonds and, in particular, Treasury bills promotes higher investment income. Thus, securities increase investment income, and the higher the inflation rate, the higher the investment income. Originality/Value: The policy implication signifies a need to reduce pension costs incurred on pension fund management and to encourage more investment in real assets that can militate against inflation.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate CAMEL variables' effects on deposit money banks' share prices for twelve Nigerian banks, nine Kenyan banks, and five South African banks.

Methodology: The panel regression approach was utilised to analyse the study data. The share price was measured by the total of the daily closing share price divided by the number of trading days. Capital adequacy was proxied by the equity-to-total-asset ratio, management efficiency was measured by asset turnover, earnings quality was measured by gross profit margin, and liquidity was measured by the loan-to-deposit ratio.

Findings: The findings showed that asset quality positively and significantly influenced the share prices of the South African sample but had an insignificant influence on the share prices of the Nigerian sample. The managerial efficiency significantly and positively influenced the share prices of the South African sample but had an insignificant effect on the share prices of the Kenyan and Nigerian samples. Lastly, findings showed that liquidity negatively and significantly influenced the share prices of our Kenyan and Nigerian samples but had an insignificant influence on the share prices of our South African samples. Originality/Value: The study's findings will help the management of African banks make good management decisions and provide information that will help stakeholders make better investment decisions. The study sheds new insight into the impact of CAMEL variables on the share price of banks in sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: During the period 2022 until January 2023, several new global issues emerged besides the COVID-19 pandemic and had an impact on economic. This study aims to examine the weak form of market efficiency in Indonesia under the assumption that uncertain economic conditions tend to affect systematic risk and cause stock returns randomly move. Methodology: This study employs time series data based on the stock returns of 766 firms in Indonesia during the period January 3, 2022, to January 31, 2023. To detect random walk, the runs test is conducted with supporting of the variance ratio test. Findings: Systematic risk plays an important role in risky assets' efficiency during uncertain economic events which is consistent with the random walk theory. Otherwise, the impact of uncertain economic events on less risky assets gives the investors possibility to obtain extraordinary returns or abnormal returns. Originality/Value: This study examines market efficiency by taking into account the systematic risk of assets that are rarely analyzed at present.

The main purpose of the article is to study the infrastructure of multimodal transportation in the context of changes in transport and logistics routes. The object of research is the infrastructure of multimodal transportation. The main issue of the study is to determine ways to develop the infrastructure of multimodal transportation in the context of changing transport and logistics routes. For this, a modern methodology of functional modeling was used. As a result, a model was obtained that, in a graphical language, represents the main aspects of the development of the multimodal transportation infrastructure in the context of changes in transport and logistics routes. The focus of the study falls on Ukraine and its transport infrastructure. The article explores the development of multimodal transportation infrastructure in the context of changing transport and logistics routes. Showing the loss of the size of cargo transshipment by the seaports of the annexation of the area. The features of the functioning of seaports in an aggressive environment are described. Empirically, the potential volume of cargo transshipment and the volume of exports by seaports for a single country under different conditions have been established. Empirically established the volume of losses of container handling of goods. The study is limited by taking into account the multimodal transportation infrastructure of only one country taken.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has increasingly gained importance in the globalized business world. CSR is crucial for long-term corporate sustainability and tackling large-scale issues including resource constraints and climate change. Today's competitive landscape prompts firms to differentiate through CSR initiatives while protecting profit margins. Consequently, CSR becomes pivotal for investors and other stakeholders. Previous research indicates firms with robust corporate governance exhibit enhanced CSR relative to peers. Multiple studies also link superior financial performance to socially conscientious firms. The current study aimed to comparatively analyze CSR perceptions between organizations listed under Turkey's Corporate Governance and BIST 100 stock exchange indexes. Analytical procedures were employed to evaluate 108 unique annual reports from both indexes published between 2015-2020. Results suggest that firms with governance guidelines in place adopt a more comprehensive CSR-oriented strategic profile than counterparts solely governed by national commercial regulations. Specifically, organizations subjected to additional listing prerequisites communicated CSR values through a more embedded framework attentive to economic, environmental and social dimensions of activity. In contrast, reportage from the BIST 100 frequently portrayed CSR as ancillary public relations with inadequate consideration for stakeholder interests or long-term impacts. This evaluation offers insight for policymakers seeking to stimulate CSR culture through strengthened compliance directives.

In the pursuit of urban sustainability, the incorporation of design elements conducive to public health, safety, comfort, and well-being is investigated within this study. Focusing on Kufa City, Iraq, significant indicators of urban design are identified that may contribute to the enhancement of human health. Among these, multiple modes of transport, walkability, cycling infrastructure, and the promotion of green spaces are emphasized. An examination was conducted within three distinct urban spaces in Kufa City, each representing a different spatial level to provide a comprehensive reflection of the city's design. It was found that the current design does not generally support public health, characterized by an overwhelming dependence on private automobiles and a lack of provisions for walking and cycling. Variations were observed across different spatial levels, with the sectoral and neighborhood levels containing parks that offer comfortable and safe pedestrian paths and green spaces that potentially ameliorate the overall atmosphere. Such provisions were found lacking at the regional level. The findings illuminate key areas for intervention and serve as a valuable reference for urban planners seeking to promote public health through the strategic design of urban spaces. In maintaining consistency with professional terminology used elsewhere in this article, the selected terms are carefully employed to articulate the complex interplay between urban design and public health. The expanded content provides a richer understanding of the subject while preserving originality and adherence to academic rigor.

Knowledge is a productive resource having successful applications in almost every field and domain of human activities. With unprecedented growth in knowledge resources and explosion in data, such informative resources need effective organization for storage and efficient retrieval for future uses. The entire process involving organization, storage, and dissemination of knowledge falls under the auspices of knowledge management. Thus, Knowledge Management is an organizational practice. In this research paper, we provide a general outline of some of the tools and technologies deployed in managing knowledge across organizations. We believe that the practice of knowledge management - though considered to be a process - it is also a "method" by which organizations are able to management their knowledge and human resources. On this regard, this paper contributes to our further understanding of what organizational knowledge is, and how they should be proficiently managed that would contribute to organizational success.

Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, movement restrictions were implemented by various countries, Indonesia being among them. In this study, Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, serves as a focal point to elucidate the influence of such restrictions on air quality. Data, spanning from January to April 2020, were obtained from reputable sources including the Indonesian Meteorological Agency, Air Quality Index (AQI) platforms, IQAir, and Jakarta’s open data repository. Upon meticulous analysis, it was observed that diminished human activities in Jakarta resulted in a notable enhancement of air quality, with a variance of 19 days of superior air quality compared to the previous year. For a comprehensive understanding, comparative analyses with neighbouring cities were undertaken. In Singapore, reductions ranging from 8% to 43% were discerned in PM10, PM2.5, CO₂, and SO₂ levels. Bangkok reported a decline of 22% in PM2.5 concentrations, whereas Kuala Lumpur exhibited reductions in PM2.5 levels, varying between 3% and 35%, with further reductions of 3% to 63% in NO₂ concentrations. Concurrently, SO₂ levels saw a decrease of 2% to 48%, and CO concentrations diminished by 1% to 27%. The findings underscore the dual benefits of mobility restrictions, addressing both the containment of COVID-19’s proliferation and substantial improvements in environmental air quality.